In Australia, as in most English-speaking countries, increasing numbers of children with significant hearing loss are being educated in regular classes with the support of itinerant teachers of the deaf, rather than in segregated settings. These students primarily use their amplified residual hearing and communicate orally, and may be functionally defined as hard of hearing. This thesis reports on a study investigating the career development of hard of hearing high school students attending regular Year 10, 11, and 12 classes with itinerant teacher support in the Australian states of Queensland and New South Wales. The students had bilateral sensorineural hearing losses ranging from mild to profound. The study sought to identify and analyse the key factors that influence the career development of this population. The design of the study was informed by Social Cognitive Career Theory (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994), with its emphasis on cognitive variables, personal agency, diversity, and contextual influences, and the developmental theory of Donald Super and its associated concept of career maturity (Super, 1980; Super, Savickas, & Super, 1996). The study also investigated the social participation of hard of hearing adolescents and the relationship among the students' perceptions of their social participation, their social self-concept, and their career decision-making. The research was conducted using a three-phase, mixed methods approach incorporating two major phases, one quantitative and one qualitative, preceded by a minor, preliminary phase. The preliminary, exploratory phase of the study was included in order to guide the design of the survey instrument, and in particular the section covering perceived career barriers, an area not discussed in the literature for this population. Interviews were conducted with four hard of hearing Year 12 school students and four hard of hearing first-year university students who were recent school-leavers. In phase two, sixty-five hard of hearing students were compared with a matched group of normally hearing peers on measures of career maturity, career indecision, perceived career barriers, social participation and three variables associated with Social Cognitive Career Theory: career decision-making self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and goals. In addition, predictors of career maturity were tested for both groups. Phase three comprised the collection and analysis of qualitative data from interviews with a proportion of the survey respondents to explore the quantitative results in greater depth. Twelve students with hearing losses ranging from moderate to profound participated in these interviews. Results of the quantitative analysis indicated that (a) the two groups did not differ on measures of career maturity or social participation, (b) the Social Cognitive Career Theory variables were less predictive of career behaviours for the hard of hearing students than for the normally hearing students, and (c) perceived career barriers related to hearing loss predicted lower scores on the measure of career development attitudes for the hard of hearing students. The quantitative data also showed that survey respondents reported high levels of anticipation of some hearing-related barriers to achieving their educational or career goals, particularly 'people not understanding my hearing loss.' The results of the qualitative analysis extended many of the quantitative findings, yielding information and insights inaccessible through traditional quantitative methods. The qualitative findings revealed ways in which students perceived potential barriers, how they felt about them, and ways in which their perceptions of barriers influenced their career choice and decision-making. In addition, the qualitative findings revealed a complex interaction among students' social participation with their peers, their experiences of other people's negative reactions, their self-consciousness about their hearing loss, their fears about mishearing people, and their career decision-making. In sum, the study identified potential career barriers as a key factor influencing the career development of this group of hard of hearing students, and clarified understanding of the way in which their social self-concept interacted with their career development. The study's findings contribute to current knowledge and understanding of the career development of adolescents with significant hearing loss who attend regular classes with itinerant teacher support in two states of Australia. The thesis discusses implications for theory and for practice that have arisen from the study, and sets out recommendations for ways in which the career development and transition of this population might be improved.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present research is embedded in the program of graduate studies in education at the doctoral level, UFSM, linked to the research line Formation, Knowledge and Professional Development. It articulates two investigative assumptions: the 1st interweaves the education trajectories of seven trainers in the course of pedagogy at UFSM (Master Research/2006). The second assumption conveys the marks that influence the graduates continued educational choices, which made themselves by interacting with their trainers between 2006 and 2008. The delimitation of the related period is justified by considering two aspects: year of Master s research and considerable time margin between the completion of the initial training and continuing education choices. The qualitative methodology involves the analysis of narrative content made with 12 subjects. It aims to understand in what perspective the teaching education trajectories of the trainers, which are stitching the interactions, are present as influence to graduates as they make their continuing educational choices. Theorists and authors that subsidize theoretically the findings of this research are: Isaia (2003;2006;2010), Josso (2004), Heller (1982), Abraham (1986), Fillux (2004), Laville (2004), Bosi (2003), Viella (2003), Fernandes (1999), Romanowski (2007; 2011), Cunha (2008; 2010), Souto (1999), Moraes (2007), Freire(1996), Deshaies (1992), Terré (1998) among others. The data that subsidized the study were obtained primarily from two instruments: a questionnaire and a personal timeline professional. The semi-structured questionnaire showed the identification of trainers remembered by graduates without those they knew the selection criteria to integrate the research would be the point between the forty names presented, at least 2 of the 7 trainers which were subject of masters research/2006. With the survey data, already held, a timeline was drafted by professional staff selected. The information brought, were organized between what we call Points Articulators Benchmarks (PAR1,2 and 3). Each of these Pairs delimited the period in which the events brought about by participants ' memory happened between before, during and after the course of pedagogy. The information brought by the timeline have resulted in three pre categories of analysis that if transformed into three categories themselves: 1a) Wires of Weaving Formation; 2a) Formative subjectivity; 3a) Marks Teachers. The resulting narratives of individual interviews qualified points seconded by subject, in their timelines, subsidizing with important elements, the weaving of all these memories. The results revealed the formative influences teachers as brands that are part of what we call natural formation loom. This, interweaving relations as mediated by significant dimension wires that subjectivities and the inter-subjective weave. The resulting weave features the formative weaving articulated between relations that have taken place in the classroom in situations of study/formal education and those who had been initiated in the classroom have evolved far beyond this dimension entering not only as indicative for continue education choices but, as references that give theoretical, ethical and professional relief to personal life choices. In the ranking of formative influences the choices are dependent on the dimension of the wires with relational weaving, assume as arising from the dynamic that inserts a variety of situations in life and profession. / A presente pesquisa está inserida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da UFSM, em nível de Doutorado, vinculado à Linha de Pesquisa Formação, Saberes e Desenvolvimento Profissional. Articula dois pressupostos investigativos: o 1º entrelaça as trajetórias de formação docente de sete formadores no Curso de Pedagogia da UFSM (Pesquisa de Mestrado/2006). O 2º pressuposto veicula as marcas que influenciam, nos egressos, as escolhas formativas continuadas que se deram pela interação com seus formadores entre 2006 e 2008. A delimitação do período relacionado se justifica por considerar dois aspectos: ano de término da pesquisa de mestrado e margem de tempo considerável entre a finalização da formação inicial e as escolhas de formação continuada. A metodologia qualitativa envolve a análise de conteúdo das narrativas realizadas com 12 sujeitos. Objetiva compreender em que perspectiva as trajetórias de formação docente dos formadores a partir das interações, ao longo do curso, estão presentes como influência nas escolhas formativas continuadas dos egressos. Os autores que subsidiam os achados da pesquisa são: Isaia (2003; 2006; 2010), Josso (2004), Heller (1982), Abraham (1986), Fillux (2004), Laville (2004), Bosi (2003), Viella (2003), Fernandes (1999), Romanowski (2007; 2011), Cunha (2008; 2010), Souto (1999), Moraes (2007), Freire (1996), Deshaies (1992), Terré (1998) entre outros. Os dados que subsidiaram o estudo foram obtidos primeiramente a partir de dois instrumentos: um questionário e uma linha de tempo pessoal profissional. O questionário semiestruturado apurou a identificação dos formadores lembrados pelos egressos sem que esses soubessem que o critério de seleção para integrar a pesquisa seria o de apontar entre os quarenta nomes apresentados, no mínimo 2 dos 7 formadores que foram sujeitos da pesquisa de Mestrado/2006. Com o levantamento de dados já realizado, uma linha de tempo pessoal profissional foi elaborada pelos selecionados. As informações trazidas, foram organizadas entre o que chamamos de Pontos Articuladores Referenciais (PAR1, 2 e 3). Cada um desses PARes delimitou o período em que os acontecimentos trazidos pela memória dos participantes aconteceram entre antes, durante e depois do curso de Pedagogia. As informações trazidas pela linha de tempo deram origem a três pré-categorias de análise que se transformaram em três categorias propriamente ditas: 1a) Fios da Tecedura Formativa; 2a) A Subjetividade Formativa; 3a) Marcas Docentes. As narrativas resultantes das entrevistas individuais qualificaram os pontos destacados pelos sujeitos, em suas linhas de tempo, subsidiando com elementos importantes, a tecedura do conjunto dessas memórias. Os resultados revelaram as influências formativas docentes como marcas que fazem parte do que chamamos de tear formativo singular. Este, intercostura relações como fios mediados pela dimensão significativa que as subjetividades e as intersubjetividades tecem. As teceduras resultantes apresentam a estampa formativa articulada entre as relações que se deram em sala de aula em situações de estudo/ensino convencional e aquelas que mesmo tendo sido iniciadas na sala de aula evoluíram para muito além dessa dimensão adentrando não somente como indicativo para as escolhas de formação continuada mas, como referências que dão relevo teórico, ético e profissional às escolhas de vida pessoal. Na tecedura formativa as escolhas são dependentes da dimensão que os fios relacionais dessa tecedura, assumem como resultantes da dinâmica que insere situações variadas de vida e profissão.

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar se os alunos da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo (FOUSP) apresentavam tendência a algum perfil psicológico específico e relacionar os resultados com respostas sobre escolhas profissionais, investigando se há associação entre escolhas do campo de trabalho e perfil comportamental. O estudo foi transversal, realizado por meio de dois questionários autoadministrados, um de perfil psicológico e outro sobre interesses profissionais, distribuídos aos estudantes da FOUSP. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da FOUSP. Os dados foram organizados e analisados no programa STATA 12.0. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 415 alunos matriculados nas disciplinas de graduação da FOUSP, dos períodos diurno e noturno de todos os semestres. A coleta de dados foi realizada durante o segundo semestre de 2011. As características sociodemográficas apresentadas mostram que 72,29% dos estudantes eram do gênero feminino e 27,71% do masculino e apresentavam idade entre 17 e 44 anos (média de 21,98 anos). Quanto às razões para a escolha do curso de odontologia, 54,94% dos participantes apontaram a vocação; 15,70% por terem cirurgiões-dentistas na família; 14,22% devido à possibilidade de horários flexíveis; 9,88% por sucesso financeiro e 19,76% outros motivos. Em uma situação hipotética, de mesma condição de renda e carga horária para diversas alternativas de trabalho, 58,07% dos alunos prefeririam trabalhar em consultório próprio, 27,47% em emprego público, 15,18% serem docentes e 8,19% empregados no setor privado. Como início provável das atividades profissionais, 42,89% imaginam que seu primeiro trabalho seria em emprego privado, 25,06% em consultório próprio, 23,37% em emprego público e 16,63% seguiriam carreira na docência. Em projeção para 10 anos à frente, 73,25% se viam trabalhando em sua própria clínica, 19,28% no emprego público, 13,01% como docentes e 7,47% em emprego privado. Os conteúdos considerados mais importantes para o sucesso profissional do cirurgião-dentista foram, em ordem decrescente de importância: disciplinas clínicas (58,31%), básicas (26,75%) e sociais (14,94%), para ambos os gêneros. Quase todos os alunos, 98,31%, valorizavam o conhecimento de processos administrativos para gerir consultórios, clínicas ou equipes e 89,40% tinham interesse em adquirir conhecimentos no campo da gestão de recursos humanos. Com relação ao temperamento, 46,27% foram identificados como SJ (Guardião), 21,45% NF (Idealista), 14,70% NT (Racional) e 3,13% SP (Artesão); 14,46% eram indefinidos. Os tipos psicológicos predominantes foram o ESTJ/Supervisor (13,49%), ISTJ/Inspetor (13,25%), ISFJ/Protetor (6,51%) e INFJ/Conselheiro e ENTJ/Marechal de campo com iguais 6,27%. O temperamento SJ foi o mais frequente tanto em estudantes do gênero feminino (48,00%) quanto do masculino (41,74%), mas o segundo tipo mais comum diferia entre os gêneros: NF em mulheres (23,67%) e NT nos homens (21,74%). Houve diferença estatisticamente significante nessa associação, demonstrada no teste do Qui-quadrado de Pearson (p=0,003). Conclui-se a maioria dos alunos apresentavam tendência ao temperamento SJ; o segundo mais frequente foi o NF em alunos de praticamente todos os semestres, porém diferiu entre os gêneros: NF em mulheres e NT em homens. Diferença estatisticamente significante foi encontrada na associação entre temperamento e gênero. A grande maioria dos alunos pretendia exercer suas atividades profissionais em consultório próprio. As outras opções seguiram a seguinte ordem de preferência: emprego público (com menos da metade percentual da primeira opção), docência e emprego privado. Não houve associação entre perfis psicológicos e escolha do campo de atuação. / The objective of this study was to determine if students of the University of São Paulo School of Dentistry (FOUSP) had a tendency to a particular psychological profile and relate the results with answers about career choices, investigating whether or not there was an association between choices of work and behavioral profile. The study was cross-sectional type, using two selfadministered questionnaires: a psychological profile one and another about professional interests, both of which were distributed to FOUSP students. The study was approved by the FOUSP Ethical Comittee. Data were organized and analyzed using STATA 12.0. Results: Participated on the study 415 students enrolled in Dentistry course, from all classes and semesters. Data collection was conducted during the second half of 2011. The sociodemographic characteristics presented show that 72.29% of the students were female and 27.71% male and were aged between 17 and 44 years (mean age 21.98 years). As to the reasons for choosing the course of dentistry, 54.94% of the participants indicated the vocation; 15.70% by having dentists in the family; 14.22% due to the possibility of flexible hours; 9.88% for financial success and 19.76% for other reasons. In a hypothetical situation of the same income and hours of work for several career alternatives, 58.07% of the students would prefer to work in his/ her private practice, 27.47% as an employee in the public sector, 15.18% as a faculty member and 8.19% as an employee in the private sector. Nonetheless, predicting the beginning of the career, 42.89% believed that their first job would be as an employee in private sector, 25.06% in his/her private practice, 23.37% as employee in the public sector and 16.63% pursuing a career in teaching. Looking 10 years ahead, 73.25% saw themselves working in their own clinic, 19.28% as employees in the public sector, 13.01% as faculty members and 7.47% as employees in the private sector. The contents considered more important to the professional success of dentists were, in descending order of importance: clinical (58.31%), basic (26.75%) and social disciplines (14.94%), for both genders. Almost all students, 98.31%, valued knowledge of administrative processes to manage dental offices or teams and 89.40% were interested in acquiring knowledge in the human resource management field. Regarding temperament, 46.27% were identified as SJ (Guardian), 21.45% NF (Idealist), 14.70% NT (Rational) and 3.13% SP (Artisan); 14.46% could not be defined. The predominant psychological types were ESTJ/Supervisor (13.49%), ISTJ/Inspector (13.25%), ISFJ/Protector (6.51%) and INFJ/Advisor and ENTJ/Marshall Field, which presented equal 6.27%. The SJ temperament was the most frequent in both female (48.00%) and males students (41.74%), but the second most common type was different between genders: NF in women (23.67%) and NT in men (21.74%). There was a statistically significant difference in this association, as demonstrated by the chi-square test (p = 0.003). To conclude, most of the students were likely to be SJ psychological temperament and the second most frequent type was the NF for students in virtually all semesters; however there was a difference between genders: the second category between women was NF, but NT for men. A statistically significant difference was found in the association between temperament and gender. The vast majority of students intended to exercise their professional activities in his or her own dental office. The other options followed this order of preference: employee in the public sector (less than half the percentage of first choice), member of faculty and employee in the private sector. No association was found between psychological profiles and choice of career.

This study aimed at exploring the grade nine learners' experience of career counselling at school in order to determine their ability to make informed subject and career choices. The literature review explored career education programmes and the changing world of work in South Africa. The importance of knowledge about career possibilities, personal values, personality traits and individual interests and abilities was highlighted. Qualitative research involved grade nine learners and Life Orientation teachers in individual and focus group interviews. Data analysis led to the following conclusions: Life Orientation teachers are not adequately informed about the purpose and aim of the career counselling process. Most teachers do not have the necessary knowledge and skills to support learners to make informed subject and career choices. Career counselling in grade nine does not meet the needs of the learners. / Educational Studies / M. Ed.(Psychology of education)

Η μελέτη αυτή, εκπονήθηκε με βασικό σκοπό αφενός να πραγματευτεί κριτικά και να ερευνήσει στο χώρο της Εκκλησιαστικής Εκπαίδευσης το προφίλ, τις στάσεις, τις αντιλήψεις, και τις επαγγελματικές επιλογές των μαθητών της ως μελλοντικών αποφοίτων όπως αυτά διαμορφώνονται από την παρεχόμενη εκπαίδευση στη βάση της υπαγορευόμενης εκπαιδευτικής πολιτικής αφετέρου να διαπιστώσει το βαθμό επίτευξης των στόχων της ως προσφερόμενης παιδείας. Ακολουθώντας την έρευνα επισκόπησης αναζητήθηκαν και αποτυπώθηκαν το προφίλ, οι στάσεις, και οι αντιλήψεις σε ολόκληρο τον μαθητικό πληθυσμό της Εκκλησιαστικής Εκπαίδευσης πανελληνίως. Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν όλοι οι μαθητές των Εκκλησιαστικών Γυμνασίων και Λυκείων της χώρας κατά τη σχολική χρονιά 2011-2012. Παράλληλα εξετάστηκαν οι επαγγελματικές επιλογές των μαθητών και το πώς αυτές επηρεάζονται από τα προηγούμενα και όλα αυτά εντός της ασκούμενης εκπαιδευτικής πολιτικής σε κάθε έκφανση της μαθητικής ζωής. / This study, conducted with a view to both basic hawker critically and to explore the field of ecclesiastical education profile, attitudes, perceptions and career choices of students as future graduates as they are formed from the training provided at the base of motivated educational policy on the other to determine the extent to which the objectives of education as offered. The survey involved all students of Church Ηigh schools during the school year 2011-2012. Following the investigation review was sought and reflected profile, attitudes, and beliefs across the student population of ecclesiastical education throughout Greece. At the same time examined the career choices of students and how they are influenced by the past and all those within the educational policy practiced in every aspect of student life.

<p>Studiens syfte är att belysa hur fyra unga individer, i ålder 18- 25 resonerar kring sin valprocess retrospektivt och i nutid. Studien har fokus på individens egna berättelser, dvs. erfarenheter, förväntningar och drömmar om framtiden. Den illustrerar även individens syn på samhällets stödjande funktioner i samband med studie- och yrkesval. För studien tillämpas en induktiv kvalitativ metod. Resultatet visar att valet sker i samspel mellan individernas egna preferenser och deras omgivning och att valet till både utbildning och yrke kan vara spännande men också svårt. Där finns förväntningar men också en känsla av ovisshet. Det visar även en utbredd upplevelse av att de inte får, eller har fått det stöd som de anser att de behöver. En slutsats som kan dras är att unga individer behöver verktyg för att kunna navigera mellan dröm och verklighet.</p> / <p>The purpose of this study is to illuminate how four young individuals in the age of 18 to 25 reason about their career choices both retrospectively and today. The focus of the study is on their own stories, i.e. their experiences, expectations and dreams of the future. It also illustrates their view on society’s supporting functions in relation to career choices. An inductive qualitative method is used for the study. The results show that choices are made in an interaction between the individuals own preferences and their context, and that career choices can be difficult as well as exciting. The results also show an extensive feeling of not getting the help or the support they consider necessary and that they need tools to be able to navigate from dream to reality.</p>

Studiens syfte är att belysa hur fyra unga individer, i ålder 18- 25 resonerar kring sin valprocess retrospektivt och i nutid. Studien har fokus på individens egna berättelser, dvs. erfarenheter, förväntningar och drömmar om framtiden. Den illustrerar även individens syn på samhällets stödjande funktioner i samband med studie- och yrkesval. För studien tillämpas en induktiv kvalitativ metod. Resultatet visar att valet sker i samspel mellan individernas egna preferenser och deras omgivning och att valet till både utbildning och yrke kan vara spännande men också svårt. Där finns förväntningar men också en känsla av ovisshet. Det visar även en utbredd upplevelse av att de inte får, eller har fått det stöd som de anser att de behöver. En slutsats som kan dras är att unga individer behöver verktyg för att kunna navigera mellan dröm och verklighet. / The purpose of this study is to illuminate how four young individuals in the age of 18 to 25 reason about their career choices both retrospectively and today. The focus of the study is on their own stories, i.e. their experiences, expectations and dreams of the future. It also illustrates their view on society’s supporting functions in relation to career choices. An inductive qualitative method is used for the study. The results show that choices are made in an interaction between the individuals own preferences and their context, and that career choices can be difficult as well as exciting. The results also show an extensive feeling of not getting the help or the support they consider necessary and that they need tools to be able to navigate from dream to reality.

The aim of this study has been to investigate whether people with siblings that have disability have been personally affected when making choices about their studies and careers based on their upbringing with their siblings. The method chosen was qualitative data and consists of six interviews with people who are familiar with the chosen problem area. In conclusion, our results do not show a link between choices of study in relation to the sibling's disabilities. However a link was found between career choices, many choose to work in the area of health and well-being. This link was also found in literature we have researched, people living with disabled siblings have chosen careers and jobs within health and well-being.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of gender and perceived career barriers in career commitment of university students. Participants were 437 (231 females, 206 males) volunteered students from the five faculties of Middle East Technical University (METU). A pilot study was carried out with 285 (122 males and 163 females) volunteered students of METU for the adaptation of Commitment to Career Choices Scale (CCCS). The results of exploratory factor analysis yielded a 28&ndash / item scale with two factors / Vocational Exploration and Commitment (VEC) and Tendency to Foreclose (TTF). As for the main purpose of the present study, CCCS was administered to the students together with the Perceived Career Barriers Qustionnaire measured by 11 barriers identified by the researcher as personality characteristics, interests, ability, gender effect, vocational knowledge, economic gain opportunity, employment opportunity, work conditions, other life choices (e.g., marriage, child, etc.), expectations of family and expectations of partner. The results of multiple regression analysis revealed that VEC scores as measured by CCCS were predicted by three independent variables of vocational knowledge, employment opportunities and personality characteristics. This result indicated that the students who had high perception of barrier on vocational knowledge, employment opportunity and personality characteristics had low commitment to their career choices. The second regression analysis revealed that TTF scores as measured by CCCS were predicted only by employment opportunities, indicating that the students who had higher perception of employment opportunity as a barrier also had lower level of tendency to foreclose and they had a tendency to evaluate different career options. Findings are discussed within the framework of career counseling research and practice.

This study aimed at exploring the grade nine learners' experience of career counselling at school in order to determine their ability to make informed subject and career choices. The literature review explored career education programmes and the changing world of work in South Africa. The importance of knowledge about career possibilities, personal values, personality traits and individual interests and abilities was highlighted. Qualitative research involved grade nine learners and Life Orientation teachers in individual and focus group interviews. Data analysis led to the following conclusions: Life Orientation teachers are not adequately informed about the purpose and aim of the career counselling process. Most teachers do not have the necessary knowledge and skills to support learners to make informed subject and career choices. Career counselling in grade nine does not meet the needs of the learners. / Educational Studies / M. Ed.(Psychology of education)