Upon the enactment by the United States Congress of the 1992 Energy Policy Act, it became mandatory that all water closets in residential and commercial settings reduce the volume of water that they consume per flush. In 1994, after installations began of the new low-flush or low-flow water closets that used less than half the water that their predecessors used, many owners of the new plumbing fixtures began to complain that their performance was sub par. Many complained about plumbing backups and of complete bowl clearance problems. There have been studies conducted to evaluate the new water closets’ bowl evacuation properties. This study focuses on what happens to the solid waste that is flushed through the water closet after leaving the bowl, namely how far the solid media is transported down waste piping. The main focus of this study is to compare the performance of the low-flush, 1.6 gallons (6 liters) per flush water closets with the performance of the formerly standard flush 3.5 gallons (13 liters) per flush in regards to how far they transport solid waste through waste lines. It was found that the media flushed through the high volume water closets traveled significantly farther that the media flushed through the low-flush water closets. It was often more than double the average distance. It was also found that media traveled farther down pipes composed of PVC than those composed of cast iron and also traveled farther down three inch pipes than four inch pipes.

There is growing evidence of carry-over effects in migratory birds. Aerial insectivores are declining across North America; therefore, to determine the cause of these declines, we must have a holistic view of their annual cycle. I use geolocators to map the annual movements of tree swallows breeding in Nova Scotia, Canada, determine if reproduction has carry-over effects on migration, and examine the effects of geolocators. Geolocators revealed that tree swallows began migration in July and had an extended stopover in the northeastern United States. They wintered in Florida or Cuba, returning from spring migration in late April. This study revealed that later breeding swallows began migration later than earlier breeding swallows, but all birds arrived on the wintering grounds around the same time, due to differences in stopover length. No short-term effects of geolocators were found, although the sample size was small, and thus these results must be interpreted cautiously.

What does current campus carry policy in the south look like and how has it developed though the state legislatures? Eleven out of fifty states now allow some form of campus carry and the amount of legislation introduced in states across the country is growing each year. This thesis examines the language of attempts to pass campus carry legislation at the state level throughout the south. I examine the evolution of policy language in Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee and Texas and what current campus carry policy in each state looks like. The conclusions of this examination point to a moderation in policy as it passes through the legislative process, even in Republican dominated state legislatures.

School and campus shootings are a contemporary problem in the United States. Because of these shootings, colleges have enacted new policies to ensure safety on their campuses, including concealed carry on campus. The State of Tennessee has a unique law in place that allows colleges to create their own policies regarding concealed carry on campus, with the stipulation that only full-time faculty and staff can carry concealed weapons. East Tennessee State University is one campus with this policy. East Tennessee State University students, faculty, and staff were questioned via email survey about their perceptions of safety on campus and opinions regarding the current concealed carry policy. No significant relationship was found between respondents’ perceptions of safety and their level of support for the current policy, although political affiliation, affiliation with ETSU, gun ownership, and possession of a concealed carry permit were significantly related to support of concealed carry on campus.

No description available.

This research was intended to investigate the perceptions of firearm policies and the views held by campus security personnel regarding student or teacher carry on campus. The purpose of the interviews was to investigate campus security officer’s perceptions and how they differ based upon individual belief systems. The goal, therefore, was to understand how their perspectives on campus carry could impact interactions with students and faculty. Exploring a representative sample of current firearm policies, both on and off campus, established a framework that exposed the opinions of campus security personnel and gave some insight into the potential impact that might occur from implementing various policies. As a result, the coverage of these materials was pivotal regarding firearm policy and to show how unique perspectives can develop and create a better understanding of campus policing. This was especially true given the dearth of research into violence on campuses and the perspective of individuals that are tasked with the protection of the institutes.

[pt] Na literatura é quase unânime a rejeição da relação de paridade descoberta das taxas de juros (PDJ). Isto significa que existiriam retornos excessivos previsíveis para a especulação cambial. Esta dissertação documenta os retornos das taxas de juros em regimes de câmbio controlado em diversos episódios. As evidências apontam que esses regimes terminam não só com abrutas depreciações, mas também que essas depreciações, na grande maioria dos casos, superam o diferencial de juros acumulados desde o início do regime. Ou seja, nesses casos não haveriam retornos excessivos como indicado pelos testes usuais da PDJ. Identificamos as variáveis que prevêm a magnitude da variação cambial ocorrida após a flexibilização do regime cambial. Em seguida, analisamos o retorno da estratégia de carry trade por tipo de regime cambial concluindo que nos regimes de câmbio controlado o retorno esperado é maior mas o downside risk também. / [en] The failure of uncovered interest rate parity is almost unanimous in the literature. The consequence is the existence of predictable excess returns to currency speculation. This paper documents the returns to the carry trade strategy in fixed exchange rate regimes in a set of episodes. Empirical documentation shows not only that these regimes end in abrupt depreciation but also that the depreciation generally wipes out the entire accumulated interest rate differential during all the period. This anecdotal evidence contrasts to that commonly found by uncovered interest parity tests. We identify the leading indicators to the currency crises magnitudes. We also analyze the differences in returns to the carry trade strategy by currency regimes founding that both the expected return and the downside risks are greater in fixed currency regimes.

With the emergence of quantum physics and computer science in the 20th century, a new era was born which can solve very difficult problems in a much faster rate or problems that classical computing just can't solve. In the 21st century, quantum computing needs to be used to solve tough problems in engineering, business, medical, and other fields that required results not today but yesterday. To make this dream come true, engineers in the semiconductor industry need to make the quantum circuits a reality. To realize quantum circuits and make them scalable, they need to be fault tolerant, therefore Clifford+T gates need to be implemented into those circuits. But the main issue is that in the Clifford+T gate set, T gates are expensive to implement. Carry Look-Ahead addition circuits have caught the interest of researchers because the number of gate layers encountered by a given qubit in the circuit (or the circuit's depth) is logarithmic in terms of the input size n. Therefore, this thesis focuses on optimizing previous designs of out-of-place and in-place Carry Look-Ahead Adders to decrease the T-count, sum of all T and T Hermitian transpose gates in a quantum circuit.

Naujųjų technologijų teisės magistro baigiamojo darbo temos aktualumas ir naujumas susijęs su besikeičiančiomis televizijos transliavimo technologijomis ir visuotiniu analoginės antžeminės televizijos išjungimu Lietuvoje ir Europos Sąjungoje. Privalomo televizijos retransliavimo elektroniniais ryšių tinklais, kitaip vadinamu „must carry“, modelis įvestas esant analoginei televizijai. Besikeičiančios technologijos verčia analizuoti teisinį reguliavimą ir ieškoti galimų geresnio ir efektyvesnio reguliavimo modelio. Skaitmeninės televizijos privalomo retransliavimo instituto svarba atskleidžiama nagrinėjant technologinę skaitmeninės televizijos pusę, pasitelkiant technologinių mokslų žinias. Išryškinami skirtumai nuo analoginės televizijos. Analizuojama privalomo retransliavimo instituto atsiradimo priežastys, aplinka, atskleidžiami instituto tikslai. Taip pat identifikuojamos transliavimo, retransliavimo, signalų siuntimo sąvokos. Analizuojant privalomo skaitmeninės televizijos retransliavimo elektroniniais ryšių tinklais teisinį reguliavimą Europos Sąjungoje pasitelkiamas loginis bei teleologinis metodai. Analizuojama Universaliųjų paslaugų direktyva, kurios 31 straipsnyje įtvirtintas privalomo televizijos retransliavimo principas. Detaliau nagrinėjama Austrijos, Vokietijos, Didžiosios Britanijos privalomo televizijos retransliavimo teisinis reguliavimas. Privalomo televizijos retransliavimo teisinis reguliavimas Lietuvoje analizuojamas nuo jo ištakų – Konstitucijoje saugomų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The relevance and the novelty of the Master’s Work in New Technologies Law related to changing technology of television broadcasting and to universal analogue television turn-off in Lithuania and European Union. Television mandatory retransmission in electronic communications networks model, also called “must carry”, was created to analogue television. Changing technologies cause to analyze legal regulation and seek to create better and effective model of “must carry” regulation. Importance of the institute of digital television mandatory retransmission disclosed the analysis of digital television technology, using the knowledge of technologies science. There are highlighted differences between digital and analogue televisions. There are made analyzes of digital television mandatory retransmission establishing reasons and environment, made disclosure of the objectives of the “must carry” institute. There are also identified terms of broadcasting, retransmission, signal transporting. There are using logical ant theological methods to analyze digital television mandatory retransmission in European Union and Lithuania. In this work there is analyzed Universal Service Directive, which have “must carry” rule in 31 article. Detailed analyze made for Austrian, German, Great Britain legal regulation of digital television mandatory retransmission. Legal regulation of television mandatory retransmission in Lithuania is analyzed from the first source – from the Constitution. Comparative... [to full text]

Currency carry trade is an investment strategy that recently started gaining a lot of interest not only among investors and financial institutions but also academically. One of the underlying theoretical assumptions regarding the mechanisms of the foreign exchange market, the Uncovered Interest Parity has frequently been disproved in practice which has led to the conclusion that carry trade is profitable in practice. The function of a carry trade strategy is that a short position is taken in a low interest rate currency to finance a long position in another currency offering higher yields. This thesis is adding to the existing literature that is explaining the characteristics of currency carry trade but is adopting a different approach than most other recent researches that has focused on identifying especially risk factors. Gold as a financial asset has also received much attention largely due to its, contrarily to other asset classes, low dependence on macroeconomic factors. This makes gold desirable to diversify portfolios and decreasing overall risks. By investigating how the returns of currency carry trades and gold relates to each other an increased understanding in how carry trades can be beneficially included in managing portfolios are developed. Looking at a currency carry trade index, Deutsche Bank’s G10 Currency Future Harvest index, and the development of the gold price at the London bullion market for the 20 year period of 1993-2013 this research is exploring correlation, mean and volatility spillover effects. Spearman’s correlation, Vector Autoregression and a diagonal BEKK GARCH model are employed to test these effects. It also investigates if gold possesses hedge, diversifier and safe haven characteristics when combined with carry trades as it has been found to do with stock markets. This is determined by a regression analysis and supplemented by a portfolio simulation. This thesis found that there is a low positive correlation between the returns of gold and currency carry trades and that there is spillover effects as well between the two in both returns and volatility. This in addition to the regression analysis and portfolio analysis determined that there are diversification benefits by adding gold to a portfolio consisting of currency carry trade in the form of higher risk adjusted returns. However special caution has to be taken to the spillover effects as these complicate the relationship between the returns of the two variables and especially the volatility spillover effects slightly decreases the potential diversification benefit. The regression analysis concluded that gold work as a diversifier for carry trade but could not determine if it also exhibited hedge or safe haven characteristics. These findings pushes the existing understanding of carry trades forward and adds to focus of matching carry trades within a portfolio which could have implications to more efficiently match risks and returns by combining several asset classes in portfolio management.