The thesis discusses the impact of nostrification action on particular companies mining and metallurgical industries in inter-war Czechoslovakia. The aim of the analysis is to test the hypothesis of nostrification as "clientelist changing of the guard" on the particular case of the three largest mining and metallurgical enterprises in First Republic of Czechoslovakia. First is discussed the state of the mining and metallurgical industry as a whole. Then there is brief discuss about nostrification. Finally, there are particular companies analyzed. Final opinion to the defined hypothesis is discussed, through the answer on a defined set of questions

The aim of this paper is to analyze criminal liability for breaching competition law. The main part of this thesis is dedicated to criminalization of cartels in the Czech Republic analysis which uses comparison to other jurisdictions such as USA and EU because it is trying to answer the question whether criminalization of uncompetitive conduct in the Czech Republic has a potential to become an efficient mechanism for fighting cartels in particular. And this criminalization has a positive effect on other competition law enforcement systems. The first chapter is dedicated to the explanation of basic terms related to the competition and competition law. Second chapter explains what cartel agreements are and what types of public and private enforcement exists to fight them. Also it points out to the trend of cartel criminalization. Third chapter analyzes cartel enforcement in USA as a model country in this area of law. Chapter number four looks into the EU legislation since it applies to the Czech Republic. Also it looks at individual member states steps towards fighting cartels. The last chapter dealing with cartel agreement analyzes the Czech Republic's legislation. This analysis is supported by previously acquired knowledge of US and EU legislations which is used to make comparisons. Final chapter continues with the analysis of Czech legislation however this time with unfair competition in order to provide a complete picture of criminal liability when breaching the competition law.

Le projet de thèse présente différentes méthodes empiriques permettant de détecter des cartels. Il vise à démontrer premièrement que des résultats efficaces peuvent être obtenus avec de simples indicateurs statistiques et deuxièmement que les méthodes économétriques traditionnelles ne sont pas aussi efficaces. / The PhD studies different empirical methods to detect bid-rigging cartels. It shows first that simple statistical screens perform very well to detect bid-rigging infringement. Second, the econometric method of Bajari, well established in the literature, produces poor results.

L’industrie cimentière française possède une influence internationale considérable. L’entreprise Lafarge est aujourd’hui le numéro un mondial du ciment. Ses concurrents français sont tout aussi performants. On peut citer Vicat, entreprise familiale, ou la société Ciment Français, filiale du groupe Heidelberg-Italcementi. Ciments Français est une entreprise héritière du groupe Poliet et Chausson. En 1971, suite au rachat de la branche cimentière de Poliet et Chausson par Ciments Français, les départements des ciments des deux groupes fusionnent. Puis, Poliet et Chausson est transformée en société holding de distribution de matériaux de construction sous le nom de Poliet S.A. Elle est rachetée par Saint Gobain en 1996 et son nom disparaît. La firme a pourtant été la première entreprise française de ciment en 1930. C’est la monographie de cette entreprise que s’attache à retranscrire cette thèse. L’histoire de Poliet et Chausson au cours du XXe siècle est tortueuse. Par un effet d’aubaine, cette entreprise parisienne de matériaux de construction, profite de l’invention du marché du ciment pour devenir l’un des plus grands producteurs de ciment français au cours des années 1930. Sa trajectoire est parallèle à celle de l’entreprise Lafarge. Elle en diffère cependant par bien des points. Émaillée d’embûches, elle oscille entre des moments de succès considérables et des périodes plus troublées. Entre industrialisation et désindustrialisation, l’histoire de Poliet et Chausson s’écrit dans l’ombre de son concurrent plus brillant, Lafarge. Comment expliquer la réussite de l’un et la disparition de l’autre ? / The French cement industry has considerable international influence. Lafarge is now the world's largest cement company. Its French competitors are equally performing. These include Vicat, a family business, or Ciment Français, a subsidiary of the Italcementi group. Ciments Français is a company inheriting from the group Poliet and Chausson. In 1971, following the purchase of the cement sector of Poliet and Chausson by Ciments Français, the cement departments of the two groups merged. Then Poliet and Chausson was transformed into a holding company for the distribution of building materials under the name Poliet S.A. It was bought by Saint Gobain in 1996 and its name disappeared. The firm was, however, the first French cement company in 1930. This thesis attempts to transcribe the monography of Poliet and Chausson. The history of Poliet and Chausson during the twentieth century is tortuous. Through a windfall effect, this Parisian company of building materials, profits from the invention of the cement market to become one of the largest producers of French cement in the 1930s. Its trajectory is parallel to that of the Lafarge company. However, it differs in many aspects. It is fraught with obstacles, and oscillates between moments of considerable success and more troubled periods. Between industrialization and desindustrialization, the story of Poliet and Chausson is written in the shadow of its brighter competitor, Lafarge. How can we explain the success of the one and the disappearance of the other?

O problema que o presente estudo visa a esmiuçar é se a aplicação das normas de defesa da concorrência deve ou não ser flexibilizada em tempos de crises econômicas e financeiras. Mais especificamente, propõe-se a investigar se, durante crises, as autoridades concorrenciais devem ou não adotar uma abordagem mais leniente com relação aos princípios tradicionais e fundamentais do antitruste, (i) aprovando concentrações excessivas a partir de uma aplicação leniente da Failing Firm Defense, e/ou (ii) permitindo a coordenação de agentes econômicos mediante a formação de acordos colusivos sob os argumentos dos cartéis de crise. O Capítulo 1 apresenta uma breve descrição acerca da evolução do Direito Concorrencial nos Estados Unidos, União Europeia e Brasil, de forma a se verificar que a política antitruste é influenciada pelas condições econômicas vigentes em cada país. Ademais, tal discussão serve para contextualizar a análise conduzida ao longo do trabalho. Posteriormente, fez-se imprescindível entender o que são as crises econômicas e financeiras, buscando-se definições doutrinárias e mostrar que tais fenômenos ocorrem frequentemente no capitalismo. Finaliza-se tal capítulo com uma sucinta análise de duas das principais crises da história do capitalismo moderno, é saber, a Crise de 1929 e a recente crise do sub-prime. Já o Capítulo 3 trata efetivamente da relação entre o Direito Concorrencial e as crises econômicas e financeiras, tendo-se analisado a suspensão do antitruste nos Estados Unidos após a Crise de 1929, e investigado, por meio da análise de doutrina, legislação e jurisprudência estrangeiras, a necessidade ou não de se suavizar a aplicação das normas de defesa da concorrência em tempos de crise econômica, tanto no que diz respeito ao controle de estruturas, como ao controle de condutas. O Capítulo 4 destina-se a tratar da realidade brasileira, verificando, diante dos resultados encontrados ao longo do estudo, bem como das particularidades do ordenamento jurídico pátrio e da jurisprudência dos órgãos de defesa da concorrência, em que medida os resultados encontrados se aplicam no Brasil. Por fim, apresentam-se as conclusões. / The purpose of this dissertation is to assess whether antitrust enforcement should be mitigated in times of economic and financial crisis. Specifically, it is investigated if, during crisis, competition authorities should adopt a more lenient approach regarding the traditional and fundamental principles of Antitrust Law by (i) approving problematic mergers by softening the Failing Firm Defense criteria, and/or (ii) allowing competitors to coordinate their activities through collusive agreements under the arguments of crisis cartels. Chapter 1 provides a brief description about the development of Competition Law in the United States, European Union and Brazil. The purpose of such analysis is to verify that antitrust policy is influenced by the economic conditions in force in each country. Besides, the discussion is useful to contextualize further analysis carried out throughout the dissertation. After that, it was indispensable to understand what are economic and financial crisis and to show that such situations occur frequently in a capitalist economy. This chapter is concluded with a brief analysis of two of the main crisis in the history of modern capitalism: the Crash of 1929 and the recent subprime crisis. Chapter 3 address the relationship between Antitrust Law and economic and financial crisis. Firstly, the American experience of suspending Competition Law after the 1929 Crash was analyzed. Additionally, the dissertation reviewed theoretical arguments and foreign laws and case law in order to assess whether antitrust (merger control and fight against anticompetitive practices) should be mitigated in times of economic and financial crisis. Chapter 4 deals with the Brazilian reality, assessing if the results found throughout the dissertation are applicable, considering the peculiarities of the national legislation and the case law of the Brazilian antitrust authorities. At the end, the conclusions are presented.

This thesis concerns with the issue of war on drugs in Mexico. The paper analyses development of drug trafficking, reasons of its origin and the role of the United States. Also it observes drug policies of both states and their common programmes and operations. One of them is the Mérida Initiative, programme of financial assistance for Mexico to combat the drug trafficking. The aim of this thesis is also to present actual mexican drug production and drug cartels. The final part pays attention to few last years when the mexican war on drugs escalated and offers possible solutions of the situation.

No description available.

Doctor Legum - LLD / Competition law and its enforcement have become necessary tools in the face of trade liberalisation. Nowhere is this more evident than in the area of cross-border cartels. The global South is steadily becoming aware of this. With the advent of globalisation and trade liberalisation, individual economies have become intrinsically linked. Anti-competitive conduct in one territory may have an impact in another territory. Therefore, an effective regional competition law framework complements trade liberalisation, especially in light of the principal objective of the South-South regional economic communities: the deepening of regional integration, in order to realise economic development and alleviate poverty. Cartel practices, such as, market allocation cartels, are in direct contradiction to this primary objective. This is when enforcement collaborations in South-South regional economic communities becomes crucial. The regional legal instruments of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, the East African Community, the Southern African Customs Union and the Southern African Development Community make provision for enforcement collaborations among Member States. To facilitate collaboration, regional competition authorities have been created to investigate, among other things, cross-border cartels. Within these economic communities, there is a strong case for enforcement collaborations, as evidence shows that the majority of the firms engaging in cartels are the so-called Regional Multinational Corporations. They operate throughout the territories of Member States. Additionally, the international nature of cartels, such as, private international cartels and export cartels, provide an opportunity for South-South co-operation to be utilised. However, this co-operation has not been utilised to the fullest extent, especially with reference to cross-border cartel activities. This has been attributed to various factors, such as, institutional incapacities, resource austerity, the absence of common procedural rules, the lack of adequate investigatory tools, and political ineptitude. As a solution, this current study makes specific recommendations that are directed at enhancing the effectiveness of South-South collaborations pertaining to cross-border cartel activities.

Submitted by Stefania Grezzana Merenstein (stegrez@hotmail.com) on 2016-06-01T19:29:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Stefania Grezzana - Tese_vBiblio.pdf: 2120928 bytes, checksum: 746cbcd0ea0f6d71185c9ae0b5f8dc1c (MD5) / Rejected by Letícia Monteiro de Souza (leticia.dsouza@fgv.br), reason: Prezada Stefania, Favor alterar seu trabalho de acordo com as normas ABNT: 1: Contra-capa: O texto padrão de introdução deve ser em português. 2: Folha de assinatura: O texto deve, também, ser em português. 3: Agradecimentos e Acknoledgments: Favor fazer uma sessão de Agradecimentos em português e posicionar antes da folha de Acknoledgments. 4: Os títulos das sessões devem estar em caixa alta, negritado e centralizado. 5: A contagem de página deve apenas aparecer da Introdução a diante, e a mesma deve estar localizado ao lado direito da folha. Atenciosamente, Letícia Monteiro 3799-3631 on 2016-06-01T19:36:24Z (GMT) / Submitted by Stefania Grezzana Merenstein (stegrez@hotmail.com) on 2016-06-02T11:45:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Stefania Grezzana - Tese_vBiblio.pdf: 2125635 bytes, checksum: 80fe18aa661329f13965b2322ec441b2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2016-06-02T12:18:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Stefania Grezzana - Tese_vBiblio.pdf: 2125635 bytes, checksum: 80fe18aa661329f13965b2322ec441b2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T12:28:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Stefania Grezzana - Tese_vBiblio.pdf: 2125635 bytes, checksum: 80fe18aa661329f13965b2322ec441b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-13 / This dissertation is a conjunction of three essays on the Industrial Organization field, this empirical work is applied to the Brazilian retail gasoline market. The first essay investigates the existence of spillover effects from cartel activity. The second essay relates the well-known economic puzzle of asymmetric cost pass through to prices with the existence of horizontal coordination - cartels - in the relevant market. Finally, the third essay investigates the effectiveness of antitrust interventions inside the offenders and the consequences of its disclosure in related markets. / Esta tese é uma conjunção de três ensaios sobre no campo de organização industrial, o trabalho empírico é aplicado ao mercado brasileiro de revenda de combustíveis, especificamente gasolina. O primeiro ensaio investiga a existência de efeitos indiretos, repercussões para outros mercados, resultantes da atividade do cartel. O segundo ensaio relaciona o conhecido tema da literatura de repasse assimétrico de custos aos preços com a existência de coordenação horizontal - cartéis - nos mercados em questão. Finalmente, o terceiro ensaio investiga a eficácia das intervenções de defesa da concorrência dentre os infractores e as consequências da sua divulgação em mercados relacionados.

O problema que o presente estudo visa a esmiuçar é se a aplicação das normas de defesa da concorrência deve ou não ser flexibilizada em tempos de crises econômicas e financeiras. Mais especificamente, propõe-se a investigar se, durante crises, as autoridades concorrenciais devem ou não adotar uma abordagem mais leniente com relação aos princípios tradicionais e fundamentais do antitruste, (i) aprovando concentrações excessivas a partir de uma aplicação leniente da Failing Firm Defense, e/ou (ii) permitindo a coordenação de agentes econômicos mediante a formação de acordos colusivos sob os argumentos dos cartéis de crise. O Capítulo 1 apresenta uma breve descrição acerca da evolução do Direito Concorrencial nos Estados Unidos, União Europeia e Brasil, de forma a se verificar que a política antitruste é influenciada pelas condições econômicas vigentes em cada país. Ademais, tal discussão serve para contextualizar a análise conduzida ao longo do trabalho. Posteriormente, fez-se imprescindível entender o que são as crises econômicas e financeiras, buscando-se definições doutrinárias e mostrar que tais fenômenos ocorrem frequentemente no capitalismo. Finaliza-se tal capítulo com uma sucinta análise de duas das principais crises da história do capitalismo moderno, é saber, a Crise de 1929 e a recente crise do sub-prime. Já o Capítulo 3 trata efetivamente da relação entre o Direito Concorrencial e as crises econômicas e financeiras, tendo-se analisado a suspensão do antitruste nos Estados Unidos após a Crise de 1929, e investigado, por meio da análise de doutrina, legislação e jurisprudência estrangeiras, a necessidade ou não de se suavizar a aplicação das normas de defesa da concorrência em tempos de crise econômica, tanto no que diz respeito ao controle de estruturas, como ao controle de condutas. O Capítulo 4 destina-se a tratar da realidade brasileira, verificando, diante dos resultados encontrados ao longo do estudo, bem como das particularidades do ordenamento jurídico pátrio e da jurisprudência dos órgãos de defesa da concorrência, em que medida os resultados encontrados se aplicam no Brasil. Por fim, apresentam-se as conclusões. / The purpose of this dissertation is to assess whether antitrust enforcement should be mitigated in times of economic and financial crisis. Specifically, it is investigated if, during crisis, competition authorities should adopt a more lenient approach regarding the traditional and fundamental principles of Antitrust Law by (i) approving problematic mergers by softening the Failing Firm Defense criteria, and/or (ii) allowing competitors to coordinate their activities through collusive agreements under the arguments of crisis cartels. Chapter 1 provides a brief description about the development of Competition Law in the United States, European Union and Brazil. The purpose of such analysis is to verify that antitrust policy is influenced by the economic conditions in force in each country. Besides, the discussion is useful to contextualize further analysis carried out throughout the dissertation. After that, it was indispensable to understand what are economic and financial crisis and to show that such situations occur frequently in a capitalist economy. This chapter is concluded with a brief analysis of two of the main crisis in the history of modern capitalism: the Crash of 1929 and the recent subprime crisis. Chapter 3 address the relationship between Antitrust Law and economic and financial crisis. Firstly, the American experience of suspending Competition Law after the 1929 Crash was analyzed. Additionally, the dissertation reviewed theoretical arguments and foreign laws and case law in order to assess whether antitrust (merger control and fight against anticompetitive practices) should be mitigated in times of economic and financial crisis. Chapter 4 deals with the Brazilian reality, assessing if the results found throughout the dissertation are applicable, considering the peculiarities of the national legislation and the case law of the Brazilian antitrust authorities. At the end, the conclusions are presented.