Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston University / The purpose of this study is to produce a systematic progression of social studies skills for fourth grade pupils in the interpretation of maps and globes. Intelligent map reading tends to develop intelligent diagnosis of human and world relationships. Incidental or non-directive map teaching is not sufficient for all of the vicarious travel encountered in the social studies. Since the cartographer's language introduces a new symbolic communication, a mental picture behind each feature on the map becomes a necessary step to understanding. The ability to read types of specific information from maps and globes needs to be developed gradually and in systematic progression as early as possible.

This thesis describes the parallel implementation of a three-dimensional numerical ice flow model of the whole of the grounded part of the Antarctic Ice Sheet at a grid resolution of 20km. Numerical modelling of ice flow is computationally intensive as it requires the solution of non-linear equations over long time scales. A parallel model was developed to overcome these restrictions, and it is demonstrated that the model runs more quickly on multiple processors than on a single processor (70% efficiency on four processors). The model was successfully validated against published benchmarks and compared against other models and remote sensing work. The main ice flow features are well reproduced, including some newly observed fast flow features in East Antarctica. The optimal run-time versus efficiency was exploited to run a series of detailed sensitivity tests on parameters that may affect the resulting ice sheet volume and basal thermal regime. Compared with the effects of surface air temperature, the accumulation rate and tuning parameter m in flow parameter A., geothermal heat flux was found to have the strongest effect on basal melting. It is shown that use of different geothermal heat flux values can affect the inclusion of sub-glacial lakes in the zone of basal melting. Topographic smoothing may reduce the model’s ability to locate subglacial lakes. Fast flow features appear in the modelled ice sheet despite the lack of basal slip conditions in the model. Use of a new topography data set improved the model’s ability to locate subglacial lakes in zones of basal melting, and revealed additional fast flow features in East Antarctica.

Satellite and in-situ radiometric measurements of sea surface temperature (SST) together with conventional SST and meteorological parameters are used to provide a description of the ocean surface skin temperature deviation (skin temperature - bulk temperature, AT) for a transect made across the Atlantic ocean from 50°N 00°W to 23°S 35°W during September and October 1992. Methods of in-situ SST measurement are discussed and the errors associated with each technique are given. The principles of infra red radiometry are explained. The differences between the calibration strategies used to determine SST using infra-red radiometers from both in-situ and satellite platforms are reviewed and the errors associated with each technique are given. Differences between published in-situ infra red SST data indicate that there may be a bias in these data as a consequence of the calibration strategy adopted. The need for an inter calibration of in-situ infra red radiometer systems used for the validaion of satellite SST is highlighted. Satellite SST algorithms are discussed and the principles of atmospheric correction are explained. The difference between the radiometric 'skin' temperature of the ocean and the conventional 'bulk' temperature at depth is defined. A review of current observations of AT is given. Several theoretical treatments of AT are reviewed. The definitions of the surface fluxes of heat and momentum are given. A description of the collection of data and an analysis of the calibration of the infra-red radiometer used to measure the skin temperature is presented. Data have been processed to obtain AT and the surface fluxes of heat and momentum nave been evaluated according to the bulk aerodynamic formulae. The relationships between AT and the measurements made are presented for the entire data set and for day and night time observations separately. Four time series of observed data are presented and the local conditions during the time of measurement are used to discuss AT. AT has a mean value of 0.39°C ±0.3°C and is shown to be a persistent feature of the Atlantic ocean. Correlation analyses reveal the skin and bulk temperature fields to be correlated at length scales > 155 km. Night time correlations are consistently higher than the day time at all length scales. For this reason it is recommended that satellite validation data are only collected during the night. High sea states are shown to affect both in-situ and satellite observations of SST biasing these data warm. The regional nature of AT is presented which is related to the dominant atmosphere-ocean conditions for each region. AT is shown to be greatest at the higher latitudes and weak in the tropical regions. Several parameterisations of AT are used to obtain estimates of AT using the data collected. These are found to be inadequate to predict AT at small temporal scales. A regional dependence of AT is found in these parameterisations. The coefficient A, of the Saunders (1969) parameterisation has been evaluated and is shown to have a regional dependence on the local atmosphere ocean conditions. The coefficient Ci and Ci of the Hasse (1971) parameterisation have been evaluated using the data collected. These are Ci=4.74 and C2=1.22. A comparison between the Along Track Scanning Radiometer Average SST is presented. Satellite - in-situ bulk AT has been obtained and shown to be comparable to that observed in-situ. This comparison highlights the need to make skin SST validation measurements rather than bulk SST measurements. The ATSR ASST data are shown to return a SST accurate to better than 0.3°C.

This thesis describes the development and application of a mass balance model for Langjökull Ice Cap to enable an investigation into its state of balance. This model is then coupled to a numerical model of ice flow, also developed as part of this thesis, to allow an assessment of the sensitivity of the ice cap to future climate change. Using data collected at a field site on one of the ice cap’s outlet glaciers in the summer of 2000, an energy balance model was optimised in order to obtain the best fit between the predicted and observed ablation. Although the optimisation enabled a reasonable fit to the observed data, it was worse than could be obtained using a simpler degree-day model. This degree-day model was developed to calculated the mass balance of the whole ice cap; using 30 years of meteorological data, the results of this model suggested that the ice cap is currently in a state of expansion – the average net mass balance across the ice cap being 0.5 m w.e.yr-1. To aid the development of a numerical model of ice flow, the flow regime of Langjökull was investigated by looking at several different methods of calculating the velocities occurring there. The effects of sediment deformation were found to be important in accurately modelling the ice flow occurring at Langjökull Ice Cap, with a till viscosity of 6x109 Pa s found suitable for modelling this process. When the degree-day and the ice flow models were coupled together, the modelled ice cap was found to be strongly dependent on air temperature and, under climate change scenarios with warming rates of 0.02 and 0.04 yr-1, Langjökull is predicted to disappear within 200 year. The inclusion of sediment deformation was found to have little effect on the response of the ice cap to climate change.

Na nossa vida, determinados gestos e palavras passam a ser estranhos e passíveis de serem destacados, julgados, diagnosticados. Examinamos o percurso expansionista dos aprisionamentos da vida, seus elementos constitutivos no social. Retiramos do cotidiano e da vivência profissional em duas instituições de contenção estatais, práticas recorrentes que constroem visagens dos desvios dos ditos loucos e dos ditos delinquentes. Entendemos que as instituições tendem a cumprir suas funções presas a determinados estereótipos, padrões e reafirmam e corroboram significâncias e subjetivações encerradas em visagens que exacerbam evidências, punições, vinganças e controles. Vivemos numa sociedade de controle, cujos interstícios são operados por instituições disciplinares postas a normalizar a vida através de medidas voltadas à aquisição de disciplinas, para fixar em aparelhos de produção, através de punições e recompensas. Constitui um plano de pensamento definido por normas que ligam entre si os indivíduos pertencentes ao aparelho de produção. Aos que não conseguem se enquadrar nestes aparelhos, resta a prisão, o hospital ou a solidão. / In our life, certain gestures and words become awkward and likely to be distinguished, judged, diagnosed. We examine the expansionary path of life imprisonment, its constituent elements in the social body. We remove from daily and professional experience in two institutions of state contention, recurring practices that form grimaces of digression of those considered insane and offenders. We understand that institutions tend to fulfill their duties attached to certain stereotypes, patterns and reaffirm and support significance and subjectivities restrained to grimaces that exacerbate evidence, punishment, revenge and controls. We live in a society of control, whose interstices are operated by disciplinary institutions set to normalize life through measures focused on acquisition of disciplines to concentrate on production apparatus through punishments and rewards. It constitutes a thought plan defined by rules that interconnects the individuals belonging to the production apparatus. Those who fail to fit these apparatus, are left with prison, hospital or loneliness.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A cartografia como método acadêmico pessoal, radical e instantâneo. Uma carta nova a um velho amigo morto há alguns dias. Terroristas, clandestinos e hedonistas preenchendo de vida a ciência. A vida, suas questões e seus renovados problemas. A urgência de escrever novos manifestos de uma forma diferente. A geografia afetiva e os limites sensitivos de uma cidade. As grandes redes do poder e o ocaso da inteligência tipicamente brasileira. A hipótese Wilhelm Reich. Articulações entre Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro, Erechim e Ibiraquera. Roberto Freire e sua somaterapia. O Coletivo Anarquista Brancaleone e a pedagogia libertária. Polêmicas: o legado da Modernidade. Os reinados humanos, natural e técnico. O homem como um bicho. O corpo como nossa casa que não nos pertence. O pensamento como dádiva da biologia. Um manifesto solícito e a urgência da intifada protomutante. Apresentando uma proposta diferente para a confecção de uma tese, Cartogramas de um Terapeuta Anárquico destila reflexão através de pequenas janelas comunicantes. Deve ser experimentada de forma não-linear, sob todos os pretextos possíveis. / The cartography as a personal, radical and instant academic method. A new letter to an old friend who died a few days ago. Terrorists, clandestins and hedonists filling science with life. Life itself, its questions and renewed problems. The urgency of writing new manifestos in a different way. The affectionate geography and the sensitive borders of a city. The great nets of power and the dawn of the tipical brazilian intelligence. The Wilhelm Reich hypothesis. Articulations among Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro, Erechim and Ibiraquera. Roberto Freire and his somatherapy. The Coletivo Anarquista Brancaleone and his libertarian pedagogy. Polemics: the legacy of Modernity. The human, natural and technical reigns. The man as an animal. The body is a home that doesnt belong to us. The thinking as a biological blessing. A helpful manifesto and the urgency of the protomutante uprising. Presenting a different proposal on writing a thesis, Cartogramas de um Terapeuta Anárquico proposes reflexions through its small and communicating windows. It must be tasted without any master line, under all motivations.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-06T13:03:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-07-13. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-10-06T13:18:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000849174.pdf: 2998980 bytes, checksum: be1841aee0af4d7b4e57a5022bcf2f20 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O Cadastro Territorial Multifinalitário (CTM) e o Registro de Imóveis, apesar de desempenharem funções distintas e estarem bem definidos em suas atribuições, os mesmos podem ser considerados complementares, pois administram dados e informações referentes, na maioria das vezes, ao mesmo objeto (parcela). O Cadastro é responsável por determinar as informações referentes a localização geográfica da parcela e seu respectivo detentor, enquanto que o Registro de Imóveis exerce o controle sobre as informações relacionados aos dados legais dos Imóveis e sobre as informações referentes aos proprietários. O compartilhamento de informações entre os Sistemas de Cadastro e Registro contribui para uma melhor descrição da realidade legal e geométrica da parcela, além de minimizar a duplicação ou inconsistência dos dados, o que garante o aperfeiçoamento do princípio registral de especialidade. O avanço da tecnologia, considerando principalmente o surgimento da Internet, ampliou a quantidade de ferramentas disponíveis para o compartilhamento de dados entre diversas instituições. Os Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIGs), que são instrumentos de manipulação e análise de dados, associados à web permitem a disseminação mais ampla de dados entre produtores e usuários. A conexão entre o CTM e o Registro de Imóveis e a utilização de softwares que proporcionam a visualização espacial de informações, possibilitam aos cartórios o acesso às informações das parcelas matriculadas e a visualização espacial dos dados geográficos referentes a essas parcelas... / The Territorial Multipurpose Cadastre (CTM) and the Real Estate Registry, although play different roles and they are well defined in their duties, they can be considered complementary, because they administer data and informations, in most cases, the same object (parcel). The Cadastre is responsible for determining information regarding the geographic location of the parcel and its respective holder, while the Real Estate Registry exerts control over the information relating to legal data of Real Estate and the information pertaining to owners. The share of information between the Cadastre and Registry Systems contributes to a better description of the legal and geometric reality of the parcel, and minimize duplication or inconsistency of data, which ensures the improvement the registral principle of specialty. The advancement of technology, especially considering the rise of the Internet, expanded the array of tools available for data sharing among various institutions. Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which are instruments of manipulation and data analysis associated with web enable wider dissemination of information between producers and users...

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T14:24:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-08-29. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-12-10T14:31:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000854468.pdf: 4725559 bytes, checksum: fd5c6550bc533ad0f640ba837fbe0682 (MD5) / Com o aumento da utilização de imagens orbitais para a produção de cartas e ortoimagens, a eliminação de erros sistemáticos residuais causados pela imprecisão na determinação direta do movimento da plataforma é fundamental para atingir a precisão necessária. Esses erros podem ser corrigidos por meio de pontos de controle, mas o levantamento desses pontos representa parcela importante do tempo e custo para a geração do produto final, sendo esse custo relacionado tanto ao tempo gasto para o levantamento, como também à quantidade de profissionais e equipamentos requeridos para essa atividade. A hipótese deste trabalho é que a utilização de uma imagem de vista aérea do ponto de controle, juntamente com a posição precisa desse ponto, permitiria a determinação automática de correspondência entre essa vista aérea e a imagem orbital, determinando-se a posição do ponto de controle na imagem orbital. A imagem de vista aérea pode ser adquirida através de uma câmara catadióptrica com um espelho cônico direcionado para o solo e o eixo óptico da câmara apontado para esse espelho. O georreferenciamento da imagem catadióptrica pode ser realizado de forma rápida e em movimento com a utilização de um receptor GNSS integrado a uma unidade de medição inercial. Para validar esta hipótese desenvolveu-se neste projeto um sistema para coleta e processamento de imagens omnidirecionais catadióptricas georreferenciadas como controle de campo para a orientação de imagens orbitais. Foram desenvolvidos os elementos de hardware e software para o processamento geométrico e radiométrico das imagens coletadas, utilizados na produção de cenas com vista aérea... / The increasing of the usage of satellite images in the maps and orthoimages production makes the elimination of residuals systematic errors, generated by inaccuracy in the direct determination of the platform motion, fundamental to achieving the necessary precision. These errors can be corrected through control points, but the survey of control points has great cost in the final product, which is related to time and number of professionals required for that activity. The use of an image with an aerial view of the control point, with the precise location of this point, would allow the automatic determination of correspondence between that aerial view and the orbital image, determining the control point position in the orbital image. The aerial view image may be acquired using a catadioptric camera with a conical mirror directed to the ground, and the camera optical axis pointed to this mirror. The georeferencing of catadioptric image may be performed in motion and quickly through the use of a GNSS receiver integrated with inertial measurement unit. This project aims to develop a system for collecting and processing georeferenced catadioptric omnidirectional images as ground control for satellite images orientation. Hardware and software elements have been developed for geometric and radiometric processing of the collected images. Those elements were used to produce scenes with aerial view whose central point has known coordinates and can be located in the orbital images by area based image matching methods. The experiments with ALOSPRISM images showed that correct matches to a sufficient number of points were obtained, allowing geometric image correction

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-09-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:05:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_jp_dr_rcla.pdf: 1911635 bytes, checksum: 90971e50ed4397840a2a1668cedd3bb3 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana / As novas tecnologias da Informação têm ocasionado profundas transformações no modo de vida do homem atual. A busca pelo desenvolvimento econômico e social, sinaliza para a necessidade de se lançar mão cada vez mais de ciência e tecnologia como ferramentas de gestão de territórios, particularmente as da Geoinformação, que abrangem: a aquisição, processamento e interpretação de dados espaciais, por meio de produtos do Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), do Sistema de Posicionamento Global (GPS), de Sensores Remotos, da Cartografia e outras Geotecnologias. A adoção de um modelo de Geoinformação de caráter público-privado torna-se indispensável para colocar à disposição das sociedades locais, dados e produtos geotecnológicos, hoje tão necessários ao planejamento, gestão, tomada de decisão e produção de riquezas. O uso de Geoinformação tem levado o governo e a sociedade a uma nova visão sobre as formas que os territórios devem ser ocupados, administrados e explorados. Os resultados tem sido: melhor compreensão sobre os objetos, fenômenos e processos espaciais; aumento de eficiência administrativa e redução de custos nas empresas; e melhor comunicação, colaboração e coordenação nas organizações e entre pessoas que tem o poder de decidir. Nesta proposta é sugerido um modelo conceitual de Geoinformação no qual um Geocluster compõe-se de instituições públicas e privadas produtoras e consumidoras de dados espaciais. Um centro difusor de Geoinformação é sugerido para constituir-se em local de interoperabilidade, intercâmbio e sustentabilidade partilhada, voltado para aquisição, produção, uso e disseminação de produtos de Geotecnologias. Assim, esta proposta conceitual de Geoinformação municipal para Feira de Santana, procura por meio da formulação de idéias inovadoras, sugestões na aplicação de tecnologias... / The new information technologies have caused deep transformations in the current man's way of life. The search for the economic and social development shows the necessity of resorting to science and technology, more and more, as territory management tools, especially the Geoinformation ones, which comprise: the acquisition, processing and interpretation of space data, through products of the Geographic Information System (GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS), Remote Sensors, Cartography and other Geotechnologies. A public-private model of Geoinformation becomes essential to provide local societies with geotechnological data and products, which are currently necessary for planning, management, decision-making and production of wealth. The use of Geoinformation has led the government and society to a new vision about forms in which territories must be seen, occupied, administrated and explored. The results have been the following: better comprehension of spaces objects, phenomena and processes; increase in administrative effectiveness and cost reduction in companies; better communication, cooperation and coordination in organizations and among the people who have the power of decision. This proposal suggests a model of Geoinformation in which a Geocluster is made up of private and public institutions, which are producers and consumers of space data. A broadcast center of Geoinformation is suggested to create a place of interoperability, exchange and shared sustainability; and it is directed to the acquisition, production, use and spread of the products of Geotechnologies. Thus, a proposal of municipal Geoinformation to Feira de Santana aims to promote models directed to assist the local development through the formulation of innovative ideas and suggestions on use of technologies and presentation of solutions.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:05:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cabral_mp_dr_rcla.pdf: 2733728 bytes, checksum: 381728c69494c15600287e1095bce412 (MD5) / A pesquisa que norteou esta Tese partiu de inquietações da docente-pesquisadora a respeito do processo que envolve a formação inicial de professores de Geografia, que abarca desde a estruturação dos cursos de licenciatura em Geografia até as vivências pessoais e escolares, passadas e presentes, própria e dos licenciandos do curso. Ao trabalhar como docente no ensino superior com alunos da última série do curso de licenciatura em Geografia, junto à disciplina Prática de Ensino e acompanhando de perto a realização do estágio supervisionado, ela percebeu as oportunidades que tais atribuições lhe proporcionariam. Entre elas, distinguiu a chance de poder refletir sobre sua própria prática docente por meio da pesquisa, superando em si mesma a aludida dicotomia entre estas duas esferas da atividade acadêmica, a docência e a pesquisa; alimentou a expectativa de poder conhecer melhor o contexto educacional com o qual seus colaboradores-discentes teriam que lidar no exercício do estágio supervisionado, o que a levou, de fato, a analisar melhor esta realidade, a conhecer melhor seus discentes, para além do momento em que os encontrava em sala de aula na universidade; e, finalmente, planejou empreender uma experiência de pesquisa que pudesse garantir que conhecimentos fundamentais da Geografia e da Cartografia fossem refletidos tanto pelos licenciandos quanto por ela mesma, de forma que tais conhecimentos fossem melhor apreendidos pelos licenciandos, tanto na teoria quanto na prática, e de maneira que ela pudesse revê-los sob um novo olhar, não mais singular, mas a partir de então plural. Por meio de uma metodologia voltada à pesquisa-ação, a docentepesquisadora dialogou com algumas das mais importantes obras e autores que compõem a literatura especializada na pesquisa qualitativa, que têm, por sua vez, n... / The research that guided this thesis came from the teacher-researcher concerns about the process involved in initial teacher training in geography, which ranges from structuring undergraduate courses in geography and personal experiences to the students, past and present, own and undergraduate course. While working as a teacher in higher education students with the last series of the degree course in Geography, with the Teaching Practice discipline and closely monitoring the performance of supervised internship, she realized the opportunities that you would provide such assignments. Among them, the distinguished chance to reflect on their own teaching practice through research, surpassing itself alluded to the dichotomy between these two spheres of academic activity, teaching and research; fueled the expectation of being able to understand better the educational context with which its employees, students would have to deal in the exercise of supervised internship, which led, in fact, to better analyze this reality, the better know their students, beyond the time when he found them in the classroom at the university; and finally planned to undertake a search experience that would ensure that fundamental knowledge of geography and cartography were reflected by both undergraduates and by herself, so that such skills were best learned by undergraduates, both in theory and in practice, and so that she could review them on a new look, no longer singular, but plural thereafter. Through a focused approach to action research, the teacherresearcher spoke with some of the most important works and authors that make up the literature on qualitative research, which have, in turn, the importance of reflective method, its main argument. Moreover, also worked with the methodology that highlights the virtues of a field... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)