Preface: The study presents a review of the history and development of cartography, as it has occurred almost throughout the westernized world, with particular reference to developments in education and training over the last three decades. The intention is to relate these developments to the present state of cartography, cartographic education and training in South Africa.

In this study, the factors influencing learner achievement in Geography mapwork were investigated. The survey method was used. Literature review, questionnaires, interviews and observation schedules for both the educators and learners were used to collect data. The questionnaires and interview questions for both the educators and learners reflected the learners' achievement, school problems and how the learners' performance could be improved. Observation was both participant and non-participant. These observations served two purposes: to establish the teaching strategies/methods used in the classroom, and to establish the classroom interaction between educators and learners and their influence on learner achievement. The investigation involved 208 research participants from schools in the Mafikeng District. The findings reveal that most learners do not perform well in mapwork because they lack motivation in doing mapwork, they Jack basic skills to map reading, and finally, they lack basic mathematical skills. Therefore, there is need for re-skilling and retraining for all those involved in mapwork such as educators and learners in areas such as basic skills to map reading, basic mathematical skills and the importance of motivation. / (PhD) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2006

Orientadores: Jefferson de Lima Picanço, Andréa Aparecida Zacharias / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T12:02:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Breda_ThiaraVichiato_M.pdf: 9233393 bytes, checksum: a89ca9c0bba1dc06cb73d2eb7ad2676a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Nas áreas da Cartografia Escolar e da Educação Ambiental, os jogos contribuem para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem da criança - e deixam de ser objetos de entretenimento - caso sejam formulados com intencionalidade e objetivos específicos bastante claros e diretos. Na educação formal e não-formal, o jogo estimula o aprendizado porque pode despertar curiosidade e um esforço natural de vencer desafios. Apoiada nessas considerações, esta pesquisa tem como objetos de estudo os jogos no ensino de Geociências. Para isso, a partir do referencial teórico de definições, contribuições e dificuldades de jogos no ensino, foram analisados jogos confeccionados especificamente para trabalhar conteúdos da Geografia escolar, como Educação Ambiental e Cartografia. Esses materiais têm como estratégia didática a valorização do lugar. São elaborados com materiais e dinâmicas atrativas de fácil aplicação, confeccionadas em programas computacionais de desenho, tendo como base mapas e imagens de sensoriamento remoto do espaço vivido do aluno. Esses jogos incluem quebra-cabeças, jogos da memória, jogos de tabuleiro e duas versões de dominós. Com o intuito de aprofundar essas discussões, esta pesquisa buscou, através de questionários voltados para alunos e profissionais da área de educação, avaliar e pontuar as possíveis contribuições desses materiais. A partir de tais análises, pretendeu-se reestruturar os jogos-piloto e montar materiais e cursos que tinham como tema central o uso de jogos na educação, visto que o educador tem papel fundamental de mediador durante a aplicação do jogo e que cabe a ele direcionar a atividade. Devido ao fato de essas dinâmicas romperem com as rotinas habituais do ensino, muitas vezes o professor não está preparado para utilizar o material. Dessa forma, pretendemos compartilhar com esses profissionais sugestões de conteúdo e a descrição dos procedimentos tanto para a confecção dos materiais como para a sua aplicação / Abstract: In the fields of Environmental Education and Scholar Cartography, games contribute to the process of teaching and learning of the child -- and stop being objects of entertainment -- if they are formulated with specific objectives and intentions quite clear and straightforward. In formal and non-formal education, the game encourages learning, because it may stimulates curiosity and creates a natural effort to overcome challenges. Upon these considerations, this research had as object of study the games in the teaching of Geosciences. For this, from the theoretical framework of definitions, contributions and difficulties of games in education, were analyzed games made specifically to work contents of schoolar Geography, such as Environmental Education and Cartography. These materials have a strategy for teaching the appreciation of the place. They are designed with attractive materials and easy to use dynamics, made from design computer programs based on maps and remote sensing images of the student's living space. These games include puzzles, memory games, board games and two versions of dominoes. In order to go deep into those discussions, this research aimed, through questionnaires focused on students and professionals in education, to evaluate and score the possible contributions of those materials. From such analyzes, we intended to restructure the pilot games and build materials and courses that had as their central theme the use of games in education, considering the educator's fundamental role as mediator during the application of the game and that it is up to him to conduct the activity. Because those dynamics break with the usual routines of teaching, often the teacher is not prepared to use the material. Thus, we intend to share with those professionals suggestions for contents and descriptions of procedures for the preparation of materials and for their application / Mestrado / Ensino e Historia de Ciencias da Terra / Mestra em Ensino e História de Ciências da Terra

Access to the to the Internet and to a variety of interactive mapping tools has increased interest among middle school teachers to use interactive maps in conjunction with learning activities. There is very little research in the area of interactive mapping in educational situations, specifically with regards to layer maps that combine multiple thematic layers on a single map. This study evaluates the relationship between the number of layers present on a web-based map and middle-school students' accuracy and timeliness using the map to answer geographic questions. Additionally, this study examines the specific effect of a hill shade on student response time and accuracy when answering questions do not require any terrain information. Tests were conducted in five Portland, Oregon area middle school classrooms using Blackboard CE8 to present maps and collect responses. The results of this research indicate no significant relationship between the number of layers present on a web map and middle school students' accuracy or response times while using the map to answer questions. The presence of a hillshade layers does not significantly impact the students' response times or accuracy while answering questions while using the map either.

Orientador: Yara Kulaif / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T09:03:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_Cleziodos_D.pdf: 5080733 bytes, checksum: 78d5e60f6a84597e0c5709552ca59e74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A área de cartografia é entendida como os saberes básicos da representação gráfica do espaço utilizada para produzir o conhecimento cartográfico e vem sendo ministrada como disciplinas curriculares nos cursos de Geografia no Brasil. A pesquisa procura responder a seguinte questão: Qual a relevância da Cartografia para a formação e utilização dos profissionais de Geografia? A problemática apontada acima, norteou nossa pesquisa e nosso objetivo geral de realizar uma análise de como os saberes cartográficos são efetivados na atualidade no ensino superior de Geografia no estado de São Paulo. Os objetivos específicos são: caracterizar a relação entre o saber cartográfico no ensino superior de Geografia e no ensino básico de Geografia; analisar criticamente os conteúdos de cartografia que são ensinados nos cursos superiores em geografia; analisar em que medida a formação profissional em Geografia influencia no seu modo de ver e trabalhar com os saberes cartográficos no ensino de Geografia; e identificar a necessidade e a existência de novas temáticas cartográficas que devam estar presentes no ensino superior de Geografia. As instituições escolhidas para a pesquisa são as três universidades estaduais públicas e seus cursos de Geografia: Universidade de São Paulo (USP), no município de São Paulo, a Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), no município de Campinas e a Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), nos municípios de Rio Claro, Presidente Prudente e Ourinhos, totalizando em 2006-2008, dezesseis professores. A pesquisa foi estruturada em quatro capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, "O Entendimento da Cartografia na Atualidade e sua relação com a Geografia" procuramos situar a Cartografia enquanto área de conhecimento e sua relação com a Geografia, tecendo aproximações entre os dois campos de conhecimento segundo o desenvolvimento do pensamento de cada área. No segundo capítulo "Cartografia e Formação do profissional de Geografia", apresentamos uma discussão relacionada à presença da cartografia como componente curricular nos cursos de licenciatura e bacharelado em Geografia e contextualizando essa presença com a necessidade de colaborar com a formação reflexiva dos profissionais de Geografia. O terceiro capítulo, "Os Saberes Cartográficos na Construção de uma Educação Cartográfica" enfoca as características dos saberes cartográficos no ensino superior e no ensino básico e contextualiza a transposição didática necessária para a efetivação desses saberes para a nossa sociedade. O quarto e último capítulo, "O Docente de Cartografia no Ensino superior e a Efetivação da Educação Cartográfica", discute com base nas entrevistas com os docentes e no referencial bibliográfico o papel do docente de cartografia na formação dos profissionais de Geografia na atualidade e a relevância da efetivação da Educação Cartográfica. Apresenta ainda um programa de cartografia introdutória para o ensino superior. A pesquisa colabora para o entendimento da produção do saber cartográfico no ensino superior de geografia e dessa maneira contribuir para a educação cartográfica como conhecimento espacial relevante para a formação do cidadão em nossa sociedade. / Abstract: The area of mapping is understood as the basic knowledge of graphic representation of space used to produce the cartographic knowledge and has been taught as subjects in the curricula of geography courses in Brazil. The research looks for to answer the following question: What is the relevance of cartography to the training of professionals and use of geography? The problems identified above, guided our research and our goal to conduct a general analysis of how the knowledge map are effective in the current higher education of geography in the state of São Paulo. The specific objectives are: to characterize the relation enters cartographic knowing in the superior education of Geography and the basic education of Geography; to critically analyze the cartography contents that are taught in the superior courses in Geography; to analyze where measured the professional formation in Geography influence in its way to see and to work knowing with them cartographic in the education of Geography; e to identify to the thematic new necessity and the existence of cartographic that must be gifts in the superior education of Geography. The institutions chosen for the research are the three public state universities and their courses in geography: Universidade de São Paulo (USP) in São Paulo, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), in the city of Campinas and Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), in the municipalities of Rio Claro, Presidente Prudente and Ourinhos, totaling in 2006-2008, sixteen teachers. The research was structured in four chapters. In the first chapter, "The Understanding of Cartography in the News and its relation to geography" while looking at the mapping area of knowledge and its relation to geography, weaving between the two approaches fields of knowledge in the development of thinking in each area. In the second chapter "Cartography and the professional training of geography," present a discussion related to the presence of the mapping component of undergraduate courses in curriculum and BA in Geography and contextualizing its presence with the need to collaborate with the training of professionals reflective of Geography. The third chapter, "The Cartographic Knowledge in Building a Cartographic Education" focuses on the characteristics of cartographic knowledge in higher education and basic education and contextualizes the didactic transposition needed to accomplish these skills to our society. The fourth and final chapter, "The Teaching of Cartography in the education and realization of Cartographic Education," discussed based on interviews with teachers and bibliographic references in the role of teachers in mapping training of Geography in actuality and relevance of effective Cartographic Education. It also presents a program of mapping introductory to higher education. The research contributes to understanding the production of cartographic knowledge of geography in higher education and thus contributes to the education space mapping as knowledge relevant to the training of citizens in our society. / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciências

Orientador: Maurício Compiani / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T08:35:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Briguenti_EdersonCosta_D.pdf: 8682673 bytes, checksum: 6dd356fa8ee76535a4c2d5b41dedf074 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: As relações escolares, de modo geral, carecem de posturas mais participativas dos alunos e didáticas mais dialogadas por parte dos professores. No âmbito de tais demandas, uma parceria estabelecida entre Universidade e Escola Pública proporcionou alicerces teórico-metodológicos que resignificaram práticas e pesquisas escolares. O projeto de formação de professores "Ribeirão Anhumas na Escola" contribuiu para o reconhecimento do papel da mediação docente no tratamento dos saberes científicos e cotidianos nos processos de aprendizagem, buscando a contextualização do local nos currículos de distintas disciplinas. A presente pesquisa consiste um aprofundamento em tais perspectivas, utilizando-se da Cartografia como suporte linguístico e metodológico para integrar conhecimentos locais e sistematizados. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi discutir a mediação cartográfica de processos de aprendizagem em práticas escolares. Na Geografia, esta aprendizagem/formação volta-se para uma noção espaço-temporal que contemple a multiplicidade e simultaneidade de relações, interesses, trajetórias que o espaço geográfico se constitui. Investigou-se as maneiras de como o simbolismo viso-verbal da grafia geográfica auxiliou a construção do conceito amplo e complexo de espaço. Isso foi feito em união com uma visão vigotskiana de ensino-aprendizagem, em que os aspectos socialmente vivenciados pelo aluno são determinantes nos processos psicológicos, que ao serem envolvidos na ação docente, contribui-se para um aprofundamento da perspectiva histórico-cultural no ensino de Geografia. Neste contexto, o cotidiano proporciona atividades de ensino autênticas, dimensionando resultados da prática docente e significações das aprendizagens dos alunos. Enfatiza-se que em tais caminhos pedagógicos, relações pessoais e percepções espaciais estão atreladas ao próprio desenvolvimento cognitivo. Deste modo, o simbolismo viso-verbal norteia a nossa pesquisa, com estudos voltados ao papel que os signos exercem em processos mentais, como: abstração, generalização e conceituação de aspectos e fatos cotidianos. Esses processos podem ser espacializados pela mediação do simbolismo geográfico/cartográfico, que as relações dialéticas entre o interno e o externo, a parte e o todo, o "eu" e o ambiente permitem. As intrínsecas relações epistemológicas entre Cartografia e Geografia são aqui tratadas com uma "permissão" em ousar, gerando representações com múltiplos signos e sentidos, configurando alternativas de expressão exploradas e socializadas nas/pelas relações escolares. Calcadas em aspectos das representações da sala de aula, entorno da escola, bairros, etc., as produções cartográficas ao expressarem riscos ambientais, sensações, lembranças e demais subjetividades afetivas, também envolvem dinâmicas geográficas. Busca-se no "ensinar Cartografia" uma base pedagógica no tratamento das relações e dinâmicas espaciais. Deste modo, Simbologias, história e conceitos da cartografia são, abordadas em função de suas estratégias didáticas, apresentando ao leitor produções e propostas discutidas com um olhar para práxis docente, a fim de favorecer reflexões a serem debatidas no âmbito do ensino de Geografia, sem no entanto, a pretensão de apresentar um modelo sistemático a ser reaplicado, mas sim, contextualmente apontar caminhos / Abstract: The school relations, in general way, require more participatory attitudes of students and more didactics dialogued of the teachers. In the scope of such demands, a partneships stablished between University and Public School provided theoretical and methodological foundations that reframe practices and academic research. The project of teachers training "Ribeirão Anhumas in School" contributed to the recognition of the role of teacher medition in the treatment of scientific knowledge and daily in the learning processes, seeking to contextualize the place in the resumes of distinct disciplines. The present research consists of a deeping in such perspectives, using the Cartography as linguistic and methodological support to integrate local and systemized knowledge. The main objective of this study was to the discuss cartography mediation of processes of learning in school practices. In Geography, this learning/ training turns to a notion timeline that contemplates the multiplicity and concurrence of relationships, interests, trajectories that the geography space becomes. One investigated the ways of as the visual-verbal symbolism of the geographical spelling helped build of the ample and complex concept of space. This was done in union with a Vigotskian with a vision of teaching and learning, where the aspects socially experienced by the student determinates the psychological processes, that are involved in the teaching activities contributes to a deeping of cultural perspective on the teaching of Geography. In this context, the routine provides the authentic teaching activities of sizing results of the teaching practices and meanings of students learning.It is emphasized that such pedagogical ways in personal relationships and space perceptions are linked to the own cognitive development. Since way, the visual-verbal symbolism guides our research, with studies directed on the role that signs play in mental processes, such as: Abstraction, generalization and conceptualization and daily events. These processes can be specialized for mediating the symbolism cartorgraphic/ geographic that the dialetical relationship between the intern and external, the part and the whole, the self and the environment allow. The intrinsic epstemological relations between Cartography and Geography are treated here with permission in daring, generating representations with multiple signs and directions, configuring alternative explored expression and socialized in/by school relations. Sidewalk in aspects of the epreentations of the classroom, around of school, neighborhoods, etc, cartographic produtions to express environmental risks, affective sensations, memories and other emotional subjectivities also envolve geography dynamics. Search on the "teaching Cartography" one pedagogical base in the treatment os the spatial relationships and dinamics.In this way, Symbologies, concepts and historyof cartography are discussed in terms of their didactic srategies, presenting the productions and proposals discussed with na eye to teaching praxis reader, in order to encourage refletions to be discussed within the framework of the teaching of Geography, without,claim to present a systematic model to bereapplied, but yes, contextually indicate ways / Doutorado / Ensino e Historia de Ciencias da Terra / Doutor em Ciências

This study investigates the use of co-operative learning in the teaching of mapwork to Geography students in tertiary education. Diverse methods of teaching Geography mapwork and also theories of learning that are relevant to the teaching of mapwork are discussed. Co-operative learning, and how it can be employed in the teaching of mapwork is fully explained. The study revealed that co-operative learning method can help students to achieve higher marks in mapwork. It is an instructional method that uses small groups of students working together to meet educational goals. The approach relies on interaction and interdependence and thus is especially suited to higher level conceptual tasks requiring problem-solving and decision-making. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

There has been much concern recently about the lack of basic map and globe skills among America's youth. Map and globe skills are a basic tool of social studies used throughout the rest of students' academic, professional and personal lives. These skills incorporate the development of problem-solving and critical-thinking skills. The focus of this project was to develop a map and globe skills curriculum for teaching these skills to sixth-graders in Putnam County, Florida, when they first encounter daily social studies classes. Although curricula have been developed, they do not include all of the objectives necessary to teach sixth-grade Putnam County students who possess different levels of competence. The curriculum incorporates suggestions from the review of related literature. While the curriculum accommodates the average student, it can be adapted to the learning abilities of all students. Because sixth-graders are generally in Piaget's concrete-operational stage of cognitive development and learn best using "hands-on" activities, the suggested lesson plans stress these types of learning experiences.

This study investigates the use of co-operative learning in the teaching of mapwork to Geography students in tertiary education. Diverse methods of teaching Geography mapwork and also theories of learning that are relevant to the teaching of mapwork are discussed. Co-operative learning, and how it can be employed in the teaching of mapwork is fully explained. The study revealed that co-operative learning method can help students to achieve higher marks in mapwork. It is an instructional method that uses small groups of students working together to meet educational goals. The approach relies on interaction and interdependence and thus is especially suited to higher level conceptual tasks requiring problem-solving and decision-making. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)