<p>The RoHS Directive was introduced in order to restrict hazardous substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment, EEE. It currently restricts the use of six hazardous substances/compounds; cadmium, lead, mercury, hexavalent chromium, PBB, and PBDE. The RoHS Directive currently includes category 1-7 and 10 in the categories of EEE listed in Annex 1A to the WEEE-Directive (Waste of EEE). The aim with the report is to investigate and elucidate prospects and obstacles to increase the scope of RoHS. This report mainly considers the inclusion of product categories 8 (Medical Devices) and 9 (Monitoring and Control Instruments). </p><p>In order to fulfil the aim eight questions were formulated, that shall be answered in the report. In order to find the knowledge of and attitude towards RoHS of manufacturers, retailers, and importers of products falling under category 8 and 9, a questionnaire was sent to 80 companies, of which 25 answered. The answers showed that many of the companies did not know of RoHS before the questionnaire was sent out. The majority did not consider that their product category needed a longer time period to find alternatives for the applications where any of the in RoHS restricted substances were used, compared with the other categories in annex 1A to WEEE. Of the companies that answered on the questionnaire the majority had less than 50 employees. The companies in the study had limited knowledge of the contents of their products, they bought the function rather than the contents. </p><p>One important conclusion in this report is that only a few of the companies in category 8 and 9 are likely to keep using non compliant components for a long time if they use standard electronic equipment irrespective if they intend to readjust their production according to the RoHS Directive or not. The reason is that most subcontractors will be forced by the customers, mainly the larger ones, to readjust their production. They certainly will not keep two production lines. A paradox problem that can arise for small and medium sized companies, the majority of those answering the questionnaire were, is to get access to compliant components before the RoHS Directive is put into force. These companies order such small batches that it is unrealistic to order them from the original manufacturer, who usually is located in Asia. The small and medium sized companies usually buy their components from middlemen/grossists in Europe and Sweden. These grossist in many cases have large stocks with non-compliant components that they want to sell out before RoHS Directive is put into force from the 1st July 2006. </p><p>The RoHS Directive has been critized for restricting lead, but different studies show that the alternatives to e.g. Lead gives only slightly worse results, which by way of introduction can be expected from a new technology compared with an old, more investigated. The work with the report has also revealed a lack in communication and cooperation not only between the different stakeholders in electronic industry: retailers, importers, manufacturers and subcontractors, but also between industry, customers and authorities. The RoHS Directive may improve the communication and cooperation between these different actors.</p>

The RoHS Directive was introduced in order to restrict hazardous substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment, EEE. It currently restricts the use of six hazardous substances/compounds; cadmium, lead, mercury, hexavalent chromium, PBB, and PBDE. The RoHS Directive currently includes category 1-7 and 10 in the categories of EEE listed in Annex 1A to the WEEE-Directive (Waste of EEE). The aim with the report is to investigate and elucidate prospects and obstacles to increase the scope of RoHS. This report mainly considers the inclusion of product categories 8 (Medical Devices) and 9 (Monitoring and Control Instruments). In order to fulfil the aim eight questions were formulated, that shall be answered in the report. In order to find the knowledge of and attitude towards RoHS of manufacturers, retailers, and importers of products falling under category 8 and 9, a questionnaire was sent to 80 companies, of which 25 answered. The answers showed that many of the companies did not know of RoHS before the questionnaire was sent out. The majority did not consider that their product category needed a longer time period to find alternatives for the applications where any of the in RoHS restricted substances were used, compared with the other categories in annex 1A to WEEE. Of the companies that answered on the questionnaire the majority had less than 50 employees. The companies in the study had limited knowledge of the contents of their products, they bought the function rather than the contents. One important conclusion in this report is that only a few of the companies in category 8 and 9 are likely to keep using non compliant components for a long time if they use standard electronic equipment irrespective if they intend to readjust their production according to the RoHS Directive or not. The reason is that most subcontractors will be forced by the customers, mainly the larger ones, to readjust their production. They certainly will not keep two production lines. A paradox problem that can arise for small and medium sized companies, the majority of those answering the questionnaire were, is to get access to compliant components before the RoHS Directive is put into force. These companies order such small batches that it is unrealistic to order them from the original manufacturer, who usually is located in Asia. The small and medium sized companies usually buy their components from middlemen/grossists in Europe and Sweden. These grossist in many cases have large stocks with non-compliant components that they want to sell out before RoHS Directive is put into force from the 1st July 2006. The RoHS Directive has been critized for restricting lead, but different studies show that the alternatives to e.g. Lead gives only slightly worse results, which by way of introduction can be expected from a new technology compared with an old, more investigated. The work with the report has also revealed a lack in communication and cooperation not only between the different stakeholders in electronic industry: retailers, importers, manufacturers and subcontractors, but also between industry, customers and authorities. The RoHS Directive may improve the communication and cooperation between these different actors.

E-commerce applications generate and consume tremendous amount of online information that is typically available as textual documents. Observations of textual document management practices by organizations or individuals suggest the popularity of using categories (or category hierarchies) to organize, archive and access documents. On the other hand, an organization (or individual) also constantly acquires new documents from various Internet sources. Consequently, integration of relevant categorized documents into existent categories of the organization (or individual) becomes an important issue in the e-commerce era. Existing categorization-based approach for document-category integration (specifically, the Enhanced Na&#x00EF;ve Bayes classifier) incurs several limitations, including homogeneous assumption on categorization schemes used by master and source catalogs and requirement for a large-sized master categories as training data. In this study, we developed a Clustering-based Category Integration (CCI) technique to deal with integrating two document catalogs each of which is organized non-hierarchically (i.e., in a flat set). Using the Enhanced Na&#x00EF;ve Bayes classifier as benchmarks, the empirical evaluation results showed that the proposed CCI technique appeared to improve the effectiveness of document-category integration accuracy in different integration scenarios and seemed to be less sensitive to the size of master categories than the categorization-based approach. Furthermore, to integrate the document categories that are organized hierarchically, we proposed a Clustering-based category-Hierarchy Integration (referred to as CHI) technique extended the CCI technique and for category-hierarchy integration. The empirical evaluation results showed that the CHI technique appeared to improve the effectiveness of hierarchical document-category integration than that attained by CCI under homogeneous and comparable scenarios.

The broad objective of this study is to examine how assortment factors and category performance are related within the context of specialty retailing. This study formulates two clusters of research questions. The first cluster of research questions focuses on product assortment in general, for example assortment variety and composition. The second cluster of research questions concentrates on a specific area of product assortment, that is, private label products. An organic retailer in Australia collaborates by providing its assortment records and sales reports. The Australian organic retailing industry is an ideal candidate for this study for 1) it is specialty retailing, and 2) the supply situation allows organic retailers considerable flexibility to experiment with different assortment compositions. This study analyses store level cross sub category data and, to supplement this, it conducts a qualitative study and collects field data. Included in the cross sub category analyses are approximately 140 to 180 organic sub categories. The results show that assortment variety has a positive influence on sub category sales. The strength of this positive relationship varies across different sub category types, for example food or non-food. For the private label analyses, the results show that, within the focal store, private label SKUs are more likely to be present in sub categories with larger sales and with supermarket competition present. This study also finds that a deeper manufacturer brand assortment hurts private label performance. This study contributes to a body of cross category empirical generalisations about the complex decisions retailers face by examining the effects of assortment decisions within the context of specialty retailing. It provides some clear empirical evidence for how assortment factors and sub category performance are related through an empirical investigation in a bricks and mortar retail environment. In addition, it tests the generalisability of extant private label research beyond the much discussed conventional supermarket industry and convenience consumer goods contexts. Keywords: assortment, private label, store brand, specialty retailing, cross category, sub category, empirical investigation, organic retailing, Australia

Dissertation presents theoretical approaches to category management including the definition of its 8-step process. The implementation of category management is shown on examples of the Coca-Cola company, which support functionality of suggested methodology and objectives from the beginning of this dissertation.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the factors associated with the interruption of tuberculosis treatment in the Swakopmund district of Namibia. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire administered by interviewers. The population consisted of both treatment interrupters and non-interrupters. The total sample was 143 respondents. The findings revealed that three factors were significantly associated with TB treatment interruption, namely a lack of formal education (p = 0.032), lack of access to media (p = 0.017), and clinic opening times (p = 0.000). Recommendations made include improving the support given to TB patients, increasing their understanding of TB and adopting new research and technology. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

The goal of this paper is to extend Sanders Mac Lane's formulation of the torsion product as equivalence classes of projective chain complexes in the setting of modules over a ring to the setting of modules over small categories. The motivation to extend the definition was with a specific view to the orbit category. The main difficulty was in defining an appropriate dual for modules over small categories. During the course of our investigation it was discovered that modules over small categories can be formulated as modules over a matrix ring without losing any of the key features. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Dans [PRID], Pridham a montré que tout n-champs d'Artin M admet une présentation en tant que schéma simplicial X. → M, telle que le schéma simplicial X satisfait à certaines propriétés notées par G.Pn,k de [GROTH]. Dans la présentation (…→ X2 → X1 → X0 → M), le schéma X1 représente une carte pour X0 x MX0. Donc, la lissité de X0 → M est équivalente à la lissité des deux projections ә0,ә1 : X1 → X0. Ce sont les deux premières parties de la condition de Grothendieck-Pridham, notées G.P1,0 et G.P1,1. Dans [BENZ12] nous avons introduit un n-champ d'Artin M des éléments de Maurer-Cartan d'une dg-catégorie. On a construit une carte, et on a déjà fait la preuve des premières conditions de lissité explicitement. Pour tout n et tout 0 ≤ k ≤ n Pridham considère un schéma noté MatchΛkn(X) avec un morphisme Xn → MatchΛkn(X). On construira explicitement le schéma simplicial de Grothendieck-Pridham X, on montrera la lissité formelle de cette carte précédente, ainsi que M est un n-champ géométrique. / In [PRID], Pridham has shown that any Artin n-stack M has a presentation as a simplicial scheme X. → M such that the simplicial scheme X satisfies certain properties denoted G.Pn,k of [GROTH]. In the presentation (…→ X2 → X1 → X0 → M), the scheme X1 represents a chart for X0 x MX0. Thus, the smoothness of X0 → M is equivalent to the smoothness of the two projections ә0,ә1 : X1 → X0. These are the first two parts of the Grothendieck-Pridham condition, denoted G.P1,0 and G.P1,1. In [BENZ12] we introduced an Artin n-stack M of Maurer-Cartan elements of a dg-category. We constructed a chart, and have already proven the first smoothness conditions explicitly. For any n and any 0 ≤ k ≤ n Pridham considers a scheme denoted MatchΛkn(X) with a morphism Xn → MatchΛkn(X). We will construct explicitly the Grothendieck-Pridham simplicial scheme and show the smoothness of the preceding map, therefore M is a geometric n-stack.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / This thesis analyzes factors related to academic, military and personal backgrounds that affect graduation of students enrolled at the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC). The data in this thesis were taken from DLIFLC and only students from the four principal services with valid DLAB scores were considered for this study. Also, as DLI is concerned with students who do not make the grade academically, entries having administrative attritions were not considered. Four logistic regression models were analyzed for the purposes of this study: Graduation of students across all four categories of languages taught at DLIFLC, graduation of students in Category I languages, graduation of students in Category III languages and graduation of students in Category IV languages. The results of this study can assist DLIFLC in investing its resources in students with the best chances of success and assist the staff in identifying the weaker students from the onset of the course. / Major, Republic of Singapore Air Force

We investigate various relationships between categories of functors. The major examples are given by extending some duality to a larger structure, such as an adjunction or a recollement of abelian categories. We prove a theorem which provides a method of constructing recollements which uses 0-th derived functors. We will show that the hypotheses of this theorem are very commonly satisfied by giving many examples. In our most important example we show that the well-known Auslander-Gruson-Jensen equivalence extends to a recollement. We show that two recollements, both arising from different characterisations of purity, are strongly related to each other via a commutative diagram. This provides a structural explanation for the equivalence between two functorial characterisations of purity for modules. We show that the Auslander-Reiten formulas are a consequence of this commutative diagram. We define and characterise the contravariant functors which arise from a pp-pair. When working over an artin algebra, this provides a contravariant analogue of the well-known relationship between pp-pairs and covariant functors. We show that some of these results can be generalised to studying contravariant functors on locally finitely presented categories whose category of finitely presented objects is a dualising variety.