Thesis--Auburn University, 2005. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 2004. / "May, 2004." Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 35-38). Also issued on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 35-38). Also issued on the Internet.

Thesis (doctoral)--Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 1981. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-37).

Thesis (doctoral)--Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 1981. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-37).

Diseases can have a range of impacts on hosts and host populations. These impacts can be minimal, to the point of being considered nearly a commensal relationship. The other end of the spectrum is when a disease regulates a population or even drives it to extinction. Diseases that are directly transmitted in a density-dependent manner typically do not cause population extinction because as the population decreases so does transmission. However, there are several factors that can lead to extinction caused by diseases. These diseases can be frequency-dependent transmission (including vector-borne diseases) or diseases that infect multiple sympatric hosts. The parasite Cytauxzoon felis is a tick-borne apicomplexan that infects bobcats and domestic cats and is enzootic in the Midwest and Southeast US. Bobcats are considered the reservoir host of C. felis and typically do not show signs of disease associated with infection. This parasite is the etiological agent of cytauxzoonosis, a highly-fatal disease impacting domestic cats and occasionally other felid species. Domestic cats also can be subclinically infected. This parasite has increased its range and density within previously described enzootic areas. There are several aspects of the biology of C. felis that have not been explored and impact the epizootiology of this important veterinary parasite. The prevalence of the parasite has been studied in some locations, yet areas where the parasite has recently invaded need to be studied as populations of naïve bobcats and domestic cats may be at risk of epizootics. My research expands the knowledge of C. felis, adding information about a relatively recently-described enzootic area. The present dissertation is divided into 6 chapters. In the first chapter I provide a thorough literature review of C. felis and general information on pathogens. In my second chapter I describe the prevalence of C. felis in bobcats and ticks in southern Illinois from 2006-2017. This is the first documentation of C. felis in bobcats in Illinois. The prevalence in ticks is also the highest prevalence in ticks reported to date. These results have been published in the Journal of Parasitology. In the third chapter I provide evidence of chronic C. felis infections in bobcats. Some bobcats maintained C. felis infection for at least 2 years. I determined individual bobcats were infected with the same strain of the parasite at each capture event. This finding indicates that bobcats may carry the same strain over time. These infected bobcats could be spreading strains that are more pathogenic to domestic cats and possibly to other bobcats. Vector-borne pathogens (specifically microparasites) can show varying levels of intensity of infection in vertebrate hosts. The intensity of infection may correlate with activity of the vectors to facilitate transmission from the vertebrate to the vector. In the fourth chapter I tested if C. felis parasitemia (percent of red blood cells infected with the parasites) increased with environmental factors associated with tick activity. Cytauxzoon felis infections are increasing in domestic cats in the US in many areas. The fifth chapter describes the first study of clinical and subclinical C. felis infections in domestic cats in southern Illinois. I collaborated with veterinary clinics to obtain 642 domestic cat blood samples for this project. I also tested whether land cover types and host characteristics were related to risk of infection, and found only that feral cats were more likely to have subclinical C. felis infection. Cytauxzoon felis is transmitted through a tick vector; so direct contact between domestic cats and bobcats is not necessary for transmission to occur. For the sixth chapter I tested if the genetic populations of C. felis in domestic cats and bobcats were different (suggesting barriers to transmission). I found that there was high genetic diversity of C. felis in my samples. The within population variance accounted for nearly all variance detected. Therefore I conclude that the population of C. felis in bobcats and domestic cats in my study area is panmictic suggesting there are no barriers to transmission between these two host species.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-05-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:41:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cardoso_mjl_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 248290 bytes, checksum: 9109a7b559aa1fe60811340d1a417214 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Os efeitos do hipertireoidismo experimental (150 g/kg/dia/42 dias) na homeostase do cálcio e nos marcadores do metabolismo ósseo foram estudados em 14 gatos sem raça definida, com idade entre um e três anos. Houve uma clara tendência de aumento das concentrações séricas de PTH intacto a partir do momento inicial com diferença significativa entre este e os demais momentos. O cálcio ionizado demonstrou uma diminuição significativa aos 14 dias em relação ao momento inicial e aos 42 dias em relação aos 14 dias. Os hormônios tireoidianos apresentaram correlação positiva com o PTH e negativa com o cálcio ionizado. Já a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) apresentou tendência de correlação negativa com o PTH a partir dos 28 dias. Observou-se correlação negativa do PTH com o cálcio ionizado aos 14, 28 e 42 dias. Conclui-se que o hipertireoidismo em gatos adultos jovens sem doenças concomitantes apresenta hiperparatireoidismo secundário. As concentrações séricas da OC apresentaram diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre si, nos quatro momentos. O ICTP, um marcador específico da reabsorção óssea, não apresentou diferença significativa entre os momentos. Provavelmente o remodelamento ósseo foi provocado pelo estado hipertireóideo, visto que tanto a OC como o ICTP apresentou forte correlação positiva com a TT4 e um pouco inferior com a FT4. A FT4 não apresentou correlação positiva com o ICTP, excetuando-se aos 28 dias. Observou-se baixa correlação, em todos os momentos, entre os marcadores do metabolismo ósseo e a densidade mineral óssea. Conclui-se que o excesso dos hormônios tireoidianos em gatos provocou aumento do remodelamento ósseo visto que ocorreu alta correlação entre estes hormônios e os marcadores do metabolismo ósseo. O hipertireoidismo provocou diminuição da DMO óssea, porém a OC e o ICTP apresentaram baixa correlação com esta variável. / The effect of experimental hyperthyroidism (150 g/kg/day/42 days) on calcium homeostasis and markers of bone metabolism was studied in fourteen shorthair cats from one to three years of age. Serum concentrations of unbroken PTH had a clear tendency to increase from beginning with significant differences from the initial to other moments. The ionized calcium significantly decreased at the 14 days in comparison to the initial moment and at the 42 days in comparison to the 14 days. The thyroid hormones showed positive correlation with PTH and negative with ionized calcium. In contrast, bone mineral density had a tendency of negative correlation with the PTH from the 28 days. Negative correlation of the PTH and calcium ionized was observed at 14, 28 and 42 days. In the present study, hyperthyroidism in young adult cats without concomitant illnesses did not present secondary hyperparathyroidism. However, increase of PTH and reduction of ionized calcium were observed. Serum concentrations of osteocalcin (OC) were significantly different among all four moments. The carboxi-terminal telopeptides of collagen type I (ICTP), a specific marker of the bone reabsorption, did not significantly differ (p<0.05) between moments. Bone turnover was probably caused by the hyperthyroid state, since OC and ICTP presented strong positive correlation with TT4 and a little less with free T4 (FT4). The FT4 did not present positive correlation with the ICTP, excepting at the 28 days. Positive correlation in all the moments between markers of bone metabolism and bone mineral density was very low. In conclusion, the high correlation between thyroid hormones and markers of bone metabolism indicates that the excess of thyroid hormones in cats may cause an increase of the bone turnover. Moreover, hyperthyroidism may cause reduction of the bone DMO, although OC and the ICTP had low correlation with DMO.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:06:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 zanatta_r_dr_jabo.pdf: 28419186 bytes, checksum: 99fc23beed288698b72ece9e5547815c (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A proposta deste estudo foi estabelecer um método de ensino para a disciplina de diagnóstico por imagem veterinária, ao associar o uso de imagens tridimensionais às aulas convencionais de radiologia. Para este fim foram obtidas imagens tridimensionais, por meio de exames de tomografia computadorizada multidetectores, da cabeça de cinco gatos domésticos. Estas imagens foram adicionadas à aula de radiologia da cabeça, onde comumente são apresentadas imagens bidimensionais. A aula foi ministrada para alunos de três instituições de ensino superior, uma federal, uma estadual e outra particular. Após a apresentação, os alunos responderam a um questionário para que fosse possível verificar se o método contribuiu para assimilar com mais facilidade o conhecimento anatômico e radiográfico regional. Dos 100 alunos, 77% acharam o método totalmente satisfatório, 19% satisfatório, 2% moderadamente satisfatório, 2% pouco satisfatório. Nenhum aluno considerou o método insatisfatório, validando o método proposto. Como objetivo secundário discutiram-se as imagens tridimensionais obtidas, com enfoque anatomo-clínico, visando tornar mais atrativo o estudo da anatomia radiográfica dos ossos da cabeça. As imagens permitiram a identificação dos ossos e das cavidades da cabeça. Acredita-se que estas possam ser utilizadas no estudo das estruturas frequentemente acometidas por enfermidades em gatos domésticos / The aim of this study was to establish a teaching methodology for diagnostic imaging in veterinary medicine by correlating the use of three-dimensional images to conventional radiology lectures. For this purpose, threedimensional images of the head of five domestic cats were acquired by multi-detector row computed tomography. These images were added to the lecture of radiology of the head, in which two-dimensional images are usually presented. The lecture was presented to students of three different institutions (federal, state and private). After the lecture the students answered a questionnaire to verify if the method contributed for better assimilation of the anatomical and radiographic knowledge. From 100 students, 77% found the method highly satisfactory, 19% satisfactory, 2% moderately satisfactory, 2% poorly satisfactory. None of the students found the method unsatisfactory. Threedimensional images obtained had been discussed with an anatomical and clinical view to make the study of radiographic anatomy of the bones of the head more attractive to students. The images allowed the identification of bones and cavities of the head, being able to be used to study the structures that are frequently affected by diseases in domestic cats

O propofol é o fármaco mais freqüentemente empregado na indução da anestesia de pequenos animais apesar de seu efeito depressor cardiovascular e respiratório. Sabe-se que a associação com outros fármacos pode determinar a redução de suas doses e essa possibilidade é pouco conhecida nos felinos. No presente estudo, foram avaliados os efeitos do emprego do midazolam associado ao propofol na indução da anestesia em gatas submetidas a ovariossalpingo-histerectomia. Foram utilizadas 30 gatas, jovens adultas, submetidas a ovariossalpingo-histerectomia. Após serem pré-tratadas com acepromazina e morfina, foram distribuídas em três grupos: o grupo GP recebeu indução somente com propofol; o grupo GMP recebeu midazolam imediatamente antes da indução com propofol; e o grupo GPM recebeu uma subdose de propofol, seguido por midazolam e novamente propofol até ser possível a intubação. Foi avaliada a redução da dose do propofol quando em associação com midazolam; a qualidade de intubação endotraqueal e grau de relaxamento muscular; a qualidade de indução da anestesia após a administração de propofol ou propofol em associação com midazolam, analisando qual a melhor seqüência de administração e a qualidade e o tempo de recuperação nas gatas submetidas à indução da anestesia com propofol ou propofol-midazolam. Foram também observados as freqüências cardíaca e respiratória, pressão arterial, oximetria, capnometria e hemogasometria. A partir dos resultados obtidos verificou-se que a dose de propofol para indução da anestesia em gatas é reduzida em 34% e 23% quando precedido ou antecedido pelo midazolam, respectivamente; a associação com midazolam não intensificou o relaxamento muscular promovido pelo propofol, não interferindo assim na qualidade de intubação endotraqueal das gatas; o uso prévio de midazolam em relação ao propofol na indução da anestesia não determinou agitação, tampouco excitação nas gatas; ambas as seqüências de administração da associação propofol-midazolam são factíveis, porém a seqüência propofol-midazolam se mostrou superior devido a menor dose empregada de propofol; do ponto de vista clínico, a associação com midazolam determinou prolongamento do tempo de recuperação das gatas, mas não determinou efeitos adversos no momento de despertar. / Propofol is the most frequent drug used for induction of anesthesia in small animals. Its cardiovascular and respiratory depressor effects are well known. The association with other drugs may determine a reduction of its dose, and this possibility is not well known in cats. The present study evaluated the effects of midazolam associated to propofol during induction of anesthesia in cats submitted to ovariohysterectomy. Thirty cats were enrolled in this study. After premedicated with acepromazine and morphine, they were distributed in three groups: GP group that received only propofol for induction; GMP group that received midazolam immediately before propofol induction; and GPM group that received a sub dose of propofol, followed by midazolam and propofol until intubation was possible. The dose reduction of propofol when associated to midazolam; the quality of endotracheal intubation and the muscle relaxation degree were evaluated; the quality of anesthetic induction after administration of propofol or propofol associated with midazolam was compared, in order to identify the best administration sequence. The quality and time of recovery were evaluated as well. Heart and respiratory rates, arterial blood pressure, oximetry, capnometry and hemogasometry were also accessed. The results showed that propofol dose for anesthesia induction was reduced in 34% and 23% when preceded or succeeded by midazolam, respectively; The association with midazolam did not increase muscle relaxation promoted by propofol, therefore not interfering in the quality of endotracheal intubation in cats; the use of midazolam previously to propofol on anesthetic induction did not cause agitation or excitement; both sequence of administration of the association of propofol-midazolam were effective, although the sequence propofol-midazolam was been shown to be better, since the propofol dose was lower; from the clinic point of view, the association with midazolam determined a prolongation of the recovery, however no side effects were noted.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:16:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 giordano_t_me_botfm.pdf: 238757 bytes, checksum: e3820a3dc04e1e4468920c289a1608db (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A via de administração de um fármaco pode influenciar sobejamente na latência e duração do efeito analgésico. Objetivou-se avaliar a sedação e a analgesia de 0,01 mg/kg de buprenorfina administrada pelas vias intravenosa (IV), intramuscular (IM), transmucosa (TM) ou subcutânea (SC) em gatas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia. Cem gatas 100 de diversas raças, com idade de quatro meses a seis anos de idade foram divididas de forma aleatória em 4 grupos de acordo com as vias de administração citadas anteriormente. Os animais foram avaliados quanto a presença dor pós-operatória e sedação antes e 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, e 24 h após o término do procedimento cirúrgico, por meio das escalas analógica visual interativa e dinâmica (EAVID) e descritiva simples (EDS). Realizou-se analgesia resgate com 0,02 mg/kg de buprenorfina IM quando o escore de dor foi igual ou superior a 50% da EDS ou EAVID. Para um segundo resgate analgésico foi administrado 4,4 mg/kg de carprofeno SC. Os dados paramétricos foram analisados pela ANOVA, seguida do teste de Tukey e os não paramétricos pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis, seguido do teste de Dunn. Diferenças ao longo do tempo dentro de cada grupo foram avaliadas pelo teste de Friedman, seguido do teste de Dunn. Imediatamente após cirurgia os escores de sedação da EAVID e EDS aumentaram significantemente quando comparado ao pré-operatório, reduzindo para zero 24 horas após cirurgia. Para os escores de dor da EAVID não se observou diferença significante entre GTM e GSC e entre GIM e GIV. Os valores de GTM foram significantemente maiores quando comparados à GIV à 1h e à GIM às 3,4,6,8 e 12 h. Os valores de GSC foram significantemente maiores quando comparados à GIV às 2 h e à GIM às 2,3,4,8,12 e 24 h. No total, quatro animais do GIM (16%), seis do GIV (24%), treze do GSC (52%) e dezessete do GTM (68%) necessitaram de analgesia... / The route of administration of a drug may influence the onset and duration of analgesic effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of sedation and analgesia of 0.01 mg/kg of buprenorphine administered by intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), transmucosal (TM) or subcutaneous (SC) route in cats subjected to ovariohysterectomy. One hundred cats from different breeds, aging from four months to six years of age were randomly divided into four groups according to the above routes of administration. The animals were evaluated for the presence of postoperative pain and sedation before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h after the surgical procedure, using dynamic interactive visual analogue scale (DIVAS) and simple descriptive scale (SDS). Rescue analgesia was performed with 0.02 mg/kg of buprenorphine IM when the pain score was more than 50% of the SDS or DIVAS. A second rescue analgesia was performed with 4.4 mg/kg of carprofen SC. The parametric data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey´s test and the non-parametric data by Kruskal-Wallis, followed by Dunn´s test. Differences over time within each group were evaluated by Friedman´s test, followed by the Dunn´s test. The SDS and DIVAS sedation scores increased significantly immediately after surgery when compared to pre-operative values, reducing to zero, 24 h after surgery. There was no significant difference for the DIVAS pain scores between GTM and GSC and between GIM and GIV. The values of GTM were significantly greater when compared to the GIV at 1h and to GIM at 3, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h. The values of GSC were significantly higher when compared to GIV at 2 h and to the GIM at 2, 3, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h. In total, four animals from GIM (16%), six from GIV (24%), thirteen from GSC (52%) and seventeen from GTM (68%) needed rescue analgesia. The total number of rescue analgesic in GTM was significantly higher than... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)