A thesis submitted in ful llment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Mathematics School of Mathematics University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg October, 2012 / Let S be an in nite discrete semigroup and S the Stone- Cech compacti cation of S. The operation of S naturally extends to S and makes S a compact right topological semigroup with S contained in the topological center of S. The aim of this thesis is to present the following new results. 1. If S embeddable in a group, then S contains 22jSj pairwise incomparable semiprincipal closed two-sided ideals. 2. Let S be an in nite cancellative semigroup of cardinality and U(S) the set of uniform ultra lters on S. If > !, then there is a closed left ideal decomposition of U(S) such that the corresponding quotient space is homeomorphic to U( ). If = !, then for any connected compact metric space X, there is a closed left ideal decomposition of U(S) with the quotient space homeomorphic to X.

If G is a nite group and if X is a G-space, then a Bredon RO(G)-graded equivariantcohomology theory is dened on X. Furthermore, if X is a G-manifold, thereexists a natural Čech hypercohomology theory on X. While Bredon RO(G)-gradedcohomology is important in the theoretical aspects, the Čech cohomology is indispensablewhen computing the cohomology groups. The purpose of this dissertation is toconstruct an isomorphism between these two types of cohomology theories so that theinterplay becomes deeper between the theory and concretely computing cohomologygroups of classical objects. Also, with the aid of Čech cohomology, we can naturallyextend the Bredon cohomology to the more generalized Deligne cohomology.In order to construct such isomorphism, on one hand, we give a new constructionof Bredon RO(G)-graded equivariant cohomology theory from the sheaf-theoreticviewpoint. On the other hand, with Illman's theorem of smooth G-triangulation ofa G-manifold, we extend the existence of good covers from the nonequivariant tothe equivariant case. It follows that, associated to an equivariant good cover of aG-manifold X, there is a bounded spectral sequence converging to Čech hypercohomologywhose E1 page is isomorphic to the E1 page of a Segal spectral sequence whichconverges to the Bredon RO(G)-graded equivariant cohomology. Furthermore, Thisisomorphism is compatible with the structure maps in the two spectral sequences. So there is an induced isomorphism between two limiting objects, which are exactly theČech hypercohomology and the Bredon RO(G)-graded equivariant cohomology.We also apply the above results to real varieties and obtain a quasi-isomorphismbetween two commonly used complexes of presheaves.

If G is a nite group and if X is a G-space, then a Bredon RO(G)-graded equivariantcohomology theory is dened on X. Furthermore, if X is a G-manifold, thereexists a natural Čech hypercohomology theory on X. While Bredon RO(G)-gradedcohomology is important in the theoretical aspects, the Čech cohomology is indispensablewhen computing the cohomology groups. The purpose of this dissertation is toconstruct an isomorphism between these two types of cohomology theories so that theinterplay becomes deeper between the theory and concretely computing cohomologygroups of classical objects. Also, with the aid of Čech cohomology, we can naturallyextend the Bredon cohomology to the more generalized Deligne cohomology.In order to construct such isomorphism, on one hand, we give a new constructionof Bredon RO(G)-graded equivariant cohomology theory from the sheaf-theoreticviewpoint. On the other hand, with Illman's theorem of smooth G-triangulation ofa G-manifold, we extend the existence of good covers from the nonequivariant tothe equivariant case. It follows that, associated to an equivariant good cover of aG-manifold X, there is a bounded spectral sequence converging to Čech hypercohomologywhose E1 page is isomorphic to the E1 page of a Segal spectral sequence whichconverges to the Bredon RO(G)-graded equivariant cohomology. Furthermore, Thisisomorphism is compatible with the structure maps in the two spectral sequences. So there is an induced isomorphism between two limiting objects, which are exactly theČech hypercohomology and the Bredon RO(G)-graded equivariant cohomology.We also apply the above results to real varieties and obtain a quasi-isomorphismbetween two commonly used complexes of presheaves.

The thesis Guilds of tanners on Prachatice region. With special regard to Netolice The work deals with development of leather craft in the town of Netolice. In the introductory chapter are found chapters about craftmen who work with leather and problematic of guilds in our country, where is described literature used while making this work. Text is divided into five chapters which contain smaller subchapters. First part describes historical development of the town Netolice. Second chapter summarizes development of guild organizations in our land, their composition, administration and aspects until 1859. Representation of crafts and organizations associated with it are described in the third chapter. Penultimate part is dedicated to delimitation, division and history of tanning craft. The last chapter brings informations about the tanning guild in Netolice. The craft is divided on the basis of preserved documents when guild articles attracted great attention. After it work is devoted to development of guild based on nomative documents and guild accounts are disassembled. These contain informations summarized in the tables. In the end are summarized all acquired knowledge. Integral part of the work are also annexes containing images of article seals, guild books and federal list.

Dans cette thèse, nous cherchons à reconstruire une approximation d'une variété connue seulement à partir d'un nuage de points de grande dimension l'échantillonnant. Nous nous efforçons de trouver des méthodes de reconstructions efficaces et produisant des approximations ayant la même topologie que la variété échantillonnée. Une attention particulière est consacrée aux flag-complexes et particulièrement aux complexes de Rips. Nous montrons que le complexe de Rips capture la topologie d'une variété échantillonnée en supposant de bonnes conditions d'échantillonnage. En tirant avantage de la compacité des flags-complexes qui peuvent être représentés de manière compacte avec un graphe, nous présentons une structure de données appelée squelette/bloqueurs pour complexes simpliciaux. Nous étudions ensuite deux opérations de simplifications, la contraction d'arête et le collapse simplicial, qui s'avèrent utiles pour réduire un complexe simplicial sans en changer sa topologie. / In this thesis, we look for methods for reconstructing an approximation of a manifold known only through a high-dimensional point cloud. Especially, we are interested in efficient methods that produce approximations that share the same topology as the sampled manifold. A particular attention is devoted to flag-complexes and more specially to Rips complexes due to their compactedness. We show that the Rips complex shares the topology of a sampled manifold under good sampling conditions. By taking advantage of the compactedness of flag-complexes, we present a data structure for simplicial complexes called skeleton/blockers. We then study two simplification operations, the edge contraction and the simplicial collapse, that turn out to be useful for reducing a simplicial complex without changing its topology.

Orientador: Luiz Antonio Barrera San Martin / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Cientifica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T09:58:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_JosineyAlvesde_D.pdf: 1777083 bytes, checksum: 43943f3a9ea228d0eb5fbe6c6906cd93 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Um semigrupo de transformação consiste de um semigrupo de aplicações contínuas definidas num espaço topológico. A hipótese sobre o semigrupo é a propriedade de reversibilidade, isto é, que a coleção das translações do semigrupo satisfaz a propriedade de intersecção finita. A idéia central é de dinamizar um semigrupo de transformação, sendo isto realizado pela introdução dos correspondentes objetos dinâmicos elementares da teoria de semifluxos, ou seja, os conjuntos limites, atratores e repulsores. O conceito de recorrência por cadeias é abordado de uma forma generalizada, sobre espaços paracompactos, tendo como fundamento certas famílias especiais de coberturas abertas do espaço base chamadas famílias admissíveis. Estudamos também ações de grupos de homeomorfismos sobre espaços compactos. Neste caso, a hipótese sobre o grupo é que ele seja gerado por um subsemigrupo reversível, a partir do qual são definidos todos os objetos dinâmicos elementares. Estudamos dois casos específicos de semigrupos de transformações. No primeiro caso, abordamos semigrupos de transformações em fibrados topológicos, especialmente em fibrados flag, e enfatizamos o estudo sobre transitividade por cadeias fibra a fibra. No segundo caso, estudamos ações de grupos sobre compactificações de Ellis, onde apresentamos uma relação entre o conceito de subsemigrupo semitotal e a transitividade por cadeias. Por último, introduzimos o conceito de função recorrente por cadeias, generalizando o conceito de função recorrente. / Abstract: Transformation semigroups are actions of semigroups of continuous maps on topological spaces. We consider reversible semigroups and study dynamics behaviors by introducing the elementary dynamic objects, originals of the semiflows theory, that is, the limit sets, attractors and repellers. We present the concept of chain recurrence for admissible families on paracompact spaces. We also study homeomorphism group action on compact spaces. In this case, the hypothesis on the group is the Ore's condictions. The elementary dynamics objects are defined from the action of the generator reversible subsemigroup. Then we study two specific cases of transformation semigroups. In the first case, we present results on the actions of endomorphism in flag bundles by emphasizing the chain transitivity in the fibres. Next, we study group actions in Ellis compactifications and relate the concept of semitotal subsemigroup to the chain transitivity. Finally, we introduce the concept of chain recurrent function and generalize the concept of recurrent function. / Doutorado / Geometria / Doutor em Matemática

Cette thèse concerne principalement deux objets classiques étroitement liés: d'une part la variété des polynômes complexes unitaires de degré $d>1$ à une variable, et à racines simples (donc de discriminant différent de zéro), et d'autre part, les groupes de tresses d'Artin avec d brins. Le travail présenté dans cette thèse propose une nouvelle approche permettant des calculs cohomologiques explicites à coefficients dans n'importe quel faisceau. En vue de calculs cohomologiques explicites, il est souhaitable d'avoir à sa disposition un bon recouvrement au sens de Čech. L'un des principaux objectifs de cette thèse est de construire un tel recouvrement basé sur des graphes (appelés signatures) qui rappellent les `dessins d'enfant' et qui sont associées aux polynômes complexes classifiés par l'espace de polynômes. Cette décomposition de l'espace de polynômes fournit une stratification semi-algébrique. Le nombre de composantes connexes de chaque strate est calculé dans le dernier chapitre ce cette thèse. Néanmoins, cette partition ne fournit pas immédiatement un recouvrement adapté au calcul de la cohomologie de Čech (avec n'importe quels coefficients) pour deux raisons liées et évidentes: d'une part les sous-ensembles du recouvrement ne sont pas ouverts, et de plus ils sont disjoints puisqu'ils correspondent à différentes signatures. Ainsi, l'objectif principal du chapitre 6 est de ``corriger'' le recouvrement de départ afin de le transformer en un bon recouvrement ouvert, adapté au calcul de la cohomologie Čech. Cette construction permet ensuite un calcul explicite des groupes de cohomologie de Čech à valeurs dans un faisceau localement constant. / This thesis mainly concerns two closely related classical objects: on the one hand, the variety of unitary complex polynomials of degree $ d> 1 $ with a variable, and with simple roots (hence with a non-zero discriminant), and on the other hand, the $d$ strand Artin braid groups. The work presented in this thesis proposes a new approach allowing explicit cohomological calculations with coefficients in any sheaf. In order to obtain explicit cohomological calculations, it is necessary to have a good cover in the sense of Čech. One of the main objectives of this thesis is to construct such a good covering, based on graphs that are reminiscent of the ''dessins d'enfants'' and which are associated to the complex polynomials. This decomposition of the space of polynomials provides a semi-algebraic stratification. The number of connected components in each stratum is counted in the last chapter of this thesis. Nevertheless, this partition does not immediately provide a ''good'' cover adapted to the computation of the cohomology of Čech (with any coefficients) for two related and obvious reasons: on the one hand the subsets of the cover are not open, and moreover they are disjoint since they correspond to different signatures. Therefore, the main purpose of Chapter 6 is to ''correct'' the cover in order to transform it into a good open cover, suitable for the calculation of the Čech cohomology. It is explicitly verified that there is an open cover such that all the multiple intersections are contractible. This allows an explicit calculation of cohomology groups of Čech with values in a locally constant sheaf.

The aim of this thesis is to establish the principal properties for the theory of ordered compactifications relating to connectedness and to provide particular examples. The initial idea of this subject is based on the notion of the Stone-Cech compactification.The ordered Stone-Cech compactification oX of an ordered topological space X is constructed analogously to the Stone-Cech compactification X of a topological space X, and has similar properties. This technique requires a conceptual understanding of the Stone-Cech compactification and how its product applies to the construction of ordered topological spaces with continuous increasing functions. Chapter 1 introduces background information. Chapter 2 addresses connectedness and compactification. If (A;B) is a separation ofa topological space X, then (A 8 B) = A 8 B, but in the ordered setting, o(A 8 B)need not be oA 8 oB. We give an additional hypothesis on the separation (A;B) tomake o(A 8 B) = oA 8 oB. An open question in topology is when is X -X = X. Weanswer the analogous question for ordered compactifications of totally ordered spaces. So, we are concerned with the remainder, that is, the set of added points oX -X. Wedemonstrate the topological properties by using lters. Moreover, results of lattice theory turn out to be some of the basic tools in our original approach. In Chapter 3, specific examples and counterexamples are given to illustrate earlierresults.

Orientador : Jorge Tulio Mujica Ascui / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Cientifica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T00:54:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BerriosYana_SoniaSarita_M.pdf: 612885 bytes, checksum: 4c9255f82f97ebff9bb4066cb888eb44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Mestrado / Mestre em Matemática

Antes da publicação do trabalho An ideal-valued cohomological index theory with applications to Borsuk-Ulam and Bourgin-Yang theorems\"de Fadell e Husseini [20], haviam sido apenas considerados índices numéricos de G-espaços, nos casos G =\'Z IND. 2\' e G um grupo finito. No entanto, tais índices numéricos são obviamente insuficientes no caso de grupos mais complexos, como por exemplo a 1-esfera \'S POT. 1\'. Neste contexto, Fadell e Husseini introduziram o chamado Indice cohomológico de valor ideal: a cada G-espaço X paracompacto, eles associaram um ideal \'Ind POT. G\' (X;K) do anel de cohomología H*(BG;K), onde a cohomologia de Cech H* é considerada com coeficientes em um corpo K e BG é o espaço classificante do grupo G. Além disso, Fadell e Husseini associaram a este ideal o Índice cohomológico de valor numérico, o qual é definido como sendo a dimensão do K-espaço vetorial obtido do quociente entre o anel H*(BG;K) e o ideal \'Ind POT. G\' (X;K). O objetivo principal deste trabalho é apresentar um estudo detalhado deste índice e utilizá-lo no estudo dos resultados sobre grau de aplicações G-equivariantes provados por Hara em \"The degree of equivariant maps\"[24] / Before the appearance of the paper An ideal-valued cohomological index theory with applications to Borsuk-Ulam and Bourgin-Yang theorems\"of Fadell and Husseini [20], had been considered numerical indices of G-spaces, when G = \'Z IND. 2\' and when G is a finite group. However, such numerical indices are obviously insufficient in the case of groups more complexes, for example, G =\'S POT 1\'. In this context Fadell andHusseini, introduced the called valued-ideal cohomological index: to every paracompact G-space X they associated an ideal \'Ind POT. G\' (X,K) of the cohomology ring H*(BG;K), where the Cech cohomology H* is considered with coefficients in a field K and BG is the classifying space of the group G. Moreover, they associated to this ideal the numerical valued cohomological index, that is, the dimension of K-vector space obtained by the quotient between the ring H*(BG;K) and the ideal \'Ind POT. G\' (X,K). The main objective of this work is to present a detailed study of this index and use such index on the study of results on degree of equivariant maps proved by Hara in his paper The degree of equivariant maps\"[24]