Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:49:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2728827 bytes, checksum: b5c368c700894a66e2b44cd1c6f19bcb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A região semi-árida do Brasil apresenta condições extremas às quais sua fauna e flora estão sujeitas, bem como as populações humanas locais. A elevada amplitude térmica, presença de solos rasos, baixa pluviosidade, rios de regimes intermitentes em sua maioria e disponibilidade de água potável para abastecimento humano têm estimulado a construção de açudes. Isto possibilitou o abastecimento hídrico na região, permitindo seu uso para diversos fins, como irrigação de culturas de subsistência e pesca artesanal. Os pescadores artesanais detêm um conjunto de saberes empíricos oriundos de práticas, vivências e informações que são transmitidas através de uma continuidade cultural derivada principalmente de crenças antepassadas. Estes saberes compõem seu Conhecimento Ecológico Local (CEL) os quais têm sido úteis na elaboração de estratégias de conservação e manejo de recursos pesqueiros, além da geração de novas informações ainda não investigadas por métodos científicos tradicionais. Com o objetivo de investigar o CEL de pescadores artesanais de um açude localizado no município de Boqueirão, situado na região semi-árida (Caatinga) do Estado da Paraíba (Nordeste do Brasil), foi realizada a presente dissertação de mestrado. Ela é composta por uma introdução geral ao tema da pesquisa, caracterização da área de estudo e dos pescadores entrevistados e por dois capítulos. O capítulo I aborda o sistema de classificação e conhecimento ecológico destes pescadores sobre os recursos pesqueiros explorados, confrontando-os com o conhecimento científico atual; bem como discute a utilização desses conhecimentos tradicionais locais como fontes adicionais para subsidiar a elaboração de estratégias de conservação e planos de manejo de tais recursos faunísticos. Por sua vez, o capítulo II trata do consumo e tabus alimentares em relação aos recursos pesqueiros explorados e das práticas zooterápicas adotadas pelos pescadores entrevistados, comparando-as com aquelas relatadas na literatura etnoictiológica de comunidades de pescadores de zonas estuarino-marinhas e ribeirinhas. Em relação às aversões alimentares e à utilização de animais na medicina tradicional, são discutidas as influências exercidas por fatores sócio-econômicos e culturais, bem como as possíveis implicações negativas do uso de produtos zooterápicos para a saúde dos usuários e em relação à conservação das populações das espécies-alvo. Os capítulos desta dissertação foram estruturados no formato de artigos científicos, visando facilitar a leitura, avaliação, bem como a submissão em periódicos especializados.

Submitted by Fernanda Faquim Dos Santos (ferfachin@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-06-01T23:44:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO FERNANDA F.SANTOS.pdf: 1996897 bytes, checksum: 3f600e1895c2f870f15395cb5de30a1a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali null (alexmar@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-06-05T18:33:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_ff_me_jabo.pdf: 1996897 bytes, checksum: 3f600e1895c2f870f15395cb5de30a1a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-05T18:33:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_ff_me_jabo.pdf: 1996897 bytes, checksum: 3f600e1895c2f870f15395cb5de30a1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-07 / Devido ao aumento da expectativa de vida dos animais de estimação, o aparecimento de neoplasias tem se tornado uma importante afecção na Medicina Veterinária. As neoplasias gastrointestinais de cães são pouco diagnosticadas e sua etiologia é desconhecida. As localizações mais frequentes são o jejuno, cólon e reto. Objetivou-se avaliar a Cox-2 por meio de imunohistoquímica e a intensidade de PAS positivo nas amostras de intestinos de cães saudáveis (GS) e com neoplasia (GN). As neoplasias foram classificadas por análise histopatológica. As diferenças foram significativas quando P<0.05 (testes não paramétricos). Nas amostras neoplásicas observou-se imunodetecção acentuada de COX-2, quando comparadas aos cães saudáveis, com diferenças significativas entre os grupos. O mesmo ocorreu para a intensidade de PAS, onde se observou diminuição do número de células caliciformes e aumento na produção de muco nas amostras neoplásicas, enquanto nas amostras saudáveis observou-se marcação intensa nas células caliciformes. Com isso pode-se concluir que a COX está envolvida na capacidade do tumor evadir as defesas do sistema imunológico. Apesar da relação entre o processo inflamatório, mais especificamente o papel das prostaglandinas, e o desenvolvimento e propagação tumoral ser bastante claro, ainda muito se têm a ser esclarecido. / Due to the increase in the life expectancy of the pets, the appearance of neoplasias has become an important affection in the Veterinary Medicine. Gastrointestinal neoplasms of dogs are poorly diagnosed and their etiology is unknown. The most frequent locations are jejunum, colon and rectum. The objective of this study was to evaluate Cox-2 by means of immunohistochemistry and the positive PAS intensity in intestinal samples from healthy dogs (GS) and neoplasia (GN). The neoplasms were classified by histopathological analysis. The differences were significant when P <0.05 (non-parametric tests). In the neoplastic samples, marked COX-2 immunodetection was observed when compared to healthy dogs, with significant differences between groups. The same was observed for PAS intensity, where a decrease in the number of goblet cells and an increase in the mucus production were observed in the neoplastic samples, while in the healthy samples intense marking was observed in the goblet cells. With this we can conclude that COX is involved in the ability of the tumor to evade the defenses of the immune system. Although the relationship between the inflammatory process, more specifically the role of prostaglandins, and tumor development and propagation is very clear, much remains to be elucidated.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-30T16:11:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - B?rbara Xavier Silva.pdf: 1788178 bytes, checksum: 96ff6d70aeb442564d90879a261fb5f6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-30T16:11:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - B?rbara Xavier Silva.pdf: 1788178 bytes, checksum: 96ff6d70aeb442564d90879a261fb5f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-27 / The knowledge of anatomical variations is important for radiological and surgical procedures and has a theoretical and practical significance for experimental research and surgical practice in domestic animals. The aim of this study was to describe the origin and measures of the main branches of celiac artery in domestic cats of both sexes. The anatomical dissections were performed on 30 cadavers of adult cats, 15 male and 15 female, with a rostrum-sacral length of 47.9 cm and 46.6 cm respectively. Cats were positioned in right lateral decubit and a thoracic incision was made to remove the 6th to 10th ribs to cannulate the thoracic portion of aorta. The vascular system was fixated with 10% formaldehyde solution and then filled with coloured Petrolatex S-65. After five days emerged in 10% formaldehyde solution, all the animals were washed in current water. The celiac artery and its proximal branches were ?in situ? dissected, lengthen and measured with a pachymeter. No organs were removed. The average length and standard deviation of the celiac, lienal, left gastric and hepatic artery were calculated and compared in both sexes by unpaired t test. To verify if the frequency distributions observed for the 30 examined animals is in accordance with the literature, we performed the Qui-square test, with a 5% level of significance, to test if the nullity hypothesis is true for the origin of the celiac artery, number of gastric arteries, and the number of lienal artery main ramifications. The relationship between the celiac, lienal, left gastric and hepatic artery length, with rostrum-sacral length was calculated by the correlation coefficient ?r? varying between -1 r +1. The celiac artery arose as a single artery in 15 (100%) females. In males the celiac artery arose as a single artery in 12 (80%) cats; in three (20%) cats we observed the presence of celiac-mesenteric trunk. The average length of the celiac artery in females was 1.32 cm, and originated at the level of the 13th thoracic vertebra in two (13.3%) animals, between the 13th and the 1st lumbar vertebra in one (6.7%) animal, at the level of 1st lumbar vertebra in six (40%) cats, and between the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebra in six (40%) cats. The average length of the celiac artery in males was 1.27 cm, and originated at the level of 13th thoracic vertebra in three (20%) animals, between 13th thoracic vertebra and 1st lumbar vertebra in three (20%) animals, at the level of 1st lumbar vertebra in four (26.7%) animals, between 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebra in one (6.7%) and at the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebra in four (26.7%) animals. In female the gastrolienal trunk was the predominant morphological arrangement (53.3%) with medium length of 0.31 cm. In males, the classic celiac trifurcation was the predominant morphological arrangement (53.3%). No relation was observed between the celiac, lienal, left gastric and hepatic artery length and the rostrum-sacral length in cats. The origin of the celiac artery, number of gastric arteries, and the number of lienal artery main ramifications are not gender dependent. / O conhecimento das varia??es anat?micas ? importante para procedimentos cir?rgicos e radiol?gicos e tem um significado pr?tico e te?rico para a pesquisa experimental e a pr?tica cir?rgica em animais dom?sticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a origem e medidas da art?ria cel?aca e de suas ramifica??es em gatos de ambos sexos correlacionando seus valores com o comprimento do animal. As dissec??es foram realizadas em 30 cad?veres de gatos adultos, 15 machos e 15 f?meas, com m?dia do comprimento rostro-sacral de 47,9cm e 46,6 cm respectivamente. Os gatos foram posicionados em dec?bito lateral direito e feita uma incis?o tor?cica para remo??o da 6? a 10? costelas para canula??o da por??o tor?cica da aorta. Em seguida, o sistema vascular foi fixado com solu??o de formaldeido a 10% e preenchidos com solu??o de Petrolatex S-65 corado. Ap?s cinco dias imersos em solu??o de formaldeido a 10%, todos os animais foram lavados em ?gua corrente. A art?ria cel?aca e seus ramos proximais foram dissecados "in situ" e medidos com um paqu?metro. O comprimento m?dio e desvio padr?o da art?ria cel?aca, lienal, g?strica esquerda e hep?tica foram calculados e comparados em ambos os sexos atrav?s do teste t n?o pareado. Com o intuito de verificar se a distribui??o de freq??ncias observadas para os 30 animais examinados est? de acordo com a literatura, aplicou-se o teste do X2 (qui-quadrado) considerando o n?vel de signific?ncia 5% para testar se a hip?tese de nulidade ? verdadeira, no que diz respeito a origem da art?ria cel?aca, n?mero de art?rias g?strica, e n?mero de ramifica??es principais da art?ria lienal. Em rela??o ao comportamento conjunto do comprimento da art?ria cel?aca, lienal, g?strica esquerda e hep?tica em fun??o do comprimento rostro-sacral, optou-se por calcular o coeficiente de correla??o ?r?, que pode variar entre -1 r +1. A art?ria cel?aca surgiu como uma art?ria ?nica em 15 (100%) f?meas examinadas. Nos machos a art?ria cel?aca surgiu como uma art?ria ?nica em 12 (80%) gatos e em tr?s (20%) gatos foi observada a presen?a do tronco cel?aco-mesent?rico. O comprimento m?dio da art?ria cel?aca nas f?meas foi de 1,32 cm, emergindo em n?vel da 13? v?rtebra tor?cica em dois (13,3%) animais, entre a 13? v?rtebra tor?cica e a 1? v?rtebra lombar em um (6,7%) animal, em n?vel da 1? v?rtebra lombar em seis (40%) animais, e entre a 1? e 2? v?rtebra lombar em seis (40%) animais. O comprimento m?dio da art?ria cel?aca no sexo masculino foi de 1,27 cm, emergindo em n?vel da 13? v?rtebra tor?cica em tr?s (20%) animais, entre 13? v?rtebra tor?cica e 1? v?rtebra lombar em tr?s (20%) animais, em n?vel da 1? v?rtebra lombar em quatro (26,7%) animais, entre a 1? e 2? v?rtebra lombar em um (6,7%) e em n?vel da 2? v?rtebra lombar em quatro (26,7%) animais. Nas f?meas o tronco gastro-lienal foi o arranjo morfol?gico predominante (53,3%) com um comprimento m?dio de 0,31 cm. Nos machos, a trifurca??o cl?ssica da art?ria cel?aca foi o arranjo morfol?gico predominante (53,3%). N?o foi observada rela??o entre o comprimento da art?ria cel?aca, lienal, g?strica esquerda e hep?tica em fun??o do comprimento rostro-sacral. A origem da art?ria cel?aca, n?mero de art?rias g?stricas e n?mero de ramifica??es principais da art?ria lienal independem do sexo.

Today’s power systems are based on a centralised system and distribution networks that are considered as passive terminations of transmission networks. The high penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) at the distribution network level has created many challenges for this structure. New tools and simulation approaches are required to address the subject and to quantify the dynamic characteristics of the system. A distribution network or part of it with DG, Active Distribution Network Cell (ADNC), can no longer be considered as passive. An equivalent dynamic model of ADNC is therefore extremely important, as it enables power system operators to quickly estimate the impact of disturbances on the power system’s dynamic behaviour. A dynamic equivalent model works by reducing both the complexity of the distribution network and the computation time required to run a full dynamic simulation. It offers a simple and low-order representation of the system without compromising distribution network dynamic characteristics and behaviour as seen by the external grid. This research aims to develop a dynamic equivalent model for ADNC. It focuses on the development of an equivalent model by exploiting system identification theory, i.e. the grey-box approach. The first part of the thesis gives a comprehensive overview and background of the dynamic equivalent techniques for power systems. The research was inspired by previous work on system identification theory. It further demonstrates the theoretical concept of system identification, system load modelling and the modelling of major types of DG. An equivalent model is developed, guided by the assumed structure of the system. The problem of equivalent model development is then formulated under a system identification framework, and the parameter estimation methodology is proposed. The validation results of the effectiveness and accuracy of the developed model are presented. This includes the estimation of the parameter model using a clustering algorithm to improve the computational performance and the analysis of transformer impedance effects on the ADNC responses. The evaluation of probability density function, eigenvalue analysis and parameter sensitivity analysis for the model parameters are also presented. Typical model parameters for different network topologies and configurations are identified. Finally, the developed equivalent model is used for a large power system application. The accuracy and robustness of the developed equivalent model are demonstrated under small and large disturbance studies for various types of fault and different fault locations.

Background- Autodesk Maya is by its long existence one of the most established 3D-modeling software that enables users to create meshes and the software can handle a majority of processes associated with graphic models, animation, and rendering. Although there are arguably different third-party plug-ins that can be used to enhance the efficiency of Maya. Maya’s own built-in rendering functions, especially its real-time rendering engine feel less efficient than other available real-time rendering options, which additionally commonly provide different rendering techniques that can be used to give a desired style to the modeled scene.  Objectives- Maya in its built-in rendering engines themselves does not offer much in terms of non-realistic rendering techniques; therefore, rendering in, for example, Toon-shading requires more work and effort. The objective is to implement a prototype plug-in to that can do real-time rendering of a realistic as well as non-photorealistic rendering technique inside of Autodesk Maya 2023. Its future aim is to address the non-effective and time-consuming task of viewing the results of light adjustments and setting the scene up for stylized renders in Maya.  Methods- Through the method of implementation, a basic plug-in to Autodesk Maya was constructed in Visual Studio using C++ and DirectX 11 library. It employs Qt-window to render the Maya scene in real-time and, additionally, has the function of Toon-shading. The prototype plug-in is then put through a simple test using manual assessment. The prototype’s visual rendered output, rendering times, processing usage, and memory usage are presented and compared to the results from Maya 2023’s built-in rendering options when rendering a constructed test-scene to find out where the plug-in requires further adjustments to its implementation. Results- The results show that a real-time plug-in with the additional function of Toon-shading was implementedusing the defined method of implementation. From the later test, the prototype’s rendered results arepresented and compared to the results of Autodesk Maya 2023’s built-in rendering options when rendering the constructed test-scene. Conclusion- The prototype by collecting information from the Maya scene and running the same data through the DirectX pipeline allows for different rendering styles to be developed and displayed through the user-friendly graphical user interface developed with the Qt-library. With the press of a button different implemented rendering styles like the one of Toon-shading can be applied to the prototype’s window display of the Maya scene. Its real-time rendering allows the user to see the implemented graphical attributes done to the scene without time delay. Which makes the job of finding the right angle for the intended render more efficient. The intended rendered scene can then easily be saved by the press of another button. The time and workflow no longer require the 3D-model to be imported to another rendering software or to apply different materials to all parts of the different Maya 3D-models when trying to achieve a non-photorealistic rendering style. The implemented prototype is very basic, andmore implementation is required before the prototype can be used as an efficient rendering alternative for stylized rendering in Maya.

Este trabalho de pesquisa objetiva promover o reconhecimento do contexto de ensino dos Centros de Estudos de Línguas (CEL), instituições mantidas pelo Governo do Estado de São Paulo por meio de um projeto que busca promover o acesso a jovens vinculados à rede estadual de ensino ao estudo de uma língua estrangeira, no contraturno do seu horário de estudo regular. Dessa forma, propomos verificar o percurso do ensino do Francês como Língua Estrangeira (FLE) nessas instituições e refletir sobre a adequação das estratégias de ensino utilizadas pelo professor ao contexto de ensino e de aprendizagem das turmas multisseriadas. Acreditamos que a abordagem acional, privilegiada pelo Cadre européen commun de référence pour les langues (CECRL)1, referencial para o ensino de línguas na Europa, pode contribuir para a harmonização das competências, das habilidades e dos conteúdos desenvolvidos bem como para a aproximação dos alunos que integram tais grupos. A fim de atingir tais objetivos, propomos um estudo teórico dos documentos oficiais referentes à criação e à implementação dos CEL e também daqueles que procuram oferecer diretrizes metodológicas para o ensino de idiomas. Buscamos, ainda, analisar os dados coletados em: entrevistas com os docentes do CEL, observação de aulas de FLE nesses estabelecimentos e relatórios de estágio de graduandos futuros professores de línguas em turmas multisseriadas, estabelecendo uma aproximação entre as estratégias de ensino que realmente são postas em prática pelo professor e averiguando em que medida a abordagem acional pode contribuir para o processo de ensino e de aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras nesse contexto. / This research aims at promoting the understanding of the teaching context in Language Study Centers (CEL), institutions which enable students enrolled in any public school to study a second language after their regular school day. The CEL project is entirely supported by the São Paulo State Government. Therefore, this study aims at assessing the effectiveness of teaching French as a foreign language (FFL) in Language Centers, and reflect upon the adequacy of the teaching strategies adopted by teachers in their multigrade classes. We believe that the action-oriented approach adopted in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), which guides language teaching in Europe, may contribute not only to the use of content, abilities, and competencies developed in the classroom, but also to bringing together the students in CEL groups. In order to achieve such goals, this study proposes a theoretical study of the official documents addressing the creation and implementation of Language Centers. We will also analyze the documents that structure the methodological guidelines for language teaching. Finally, we will assess the data gathered from interviews with CEL teachers, classroom observation, and reports written by undergraduate students, who are likely to become French teachers in multigrade classrooms. Our goal is to establish an approximation between teaching strategies that are actually applied during classes and observe to what extent the action-oriented approach can contribute to foreign language teaching and the learning process in the CEL context.

Este trabalho de pesquisa objetiva promover o reconhecimento do contexto de ensino dos Centros de Estudos de Línguas (CEL), instituições mantidas pelo Governo do Estado de São Paulo por meio de um projeto que busca promover o acesso a jovens vinculados à rede estadual de ensino ao estudo de uma língua estrangeira, no contraturno do seu horário de estudo regular. Dessa forma, propomos verificar o percurso do ensino do Francês como Língua Estrangeira (FLE) nessas instituições e refletir sobre a adequação das estratégias de ensino utilizadas pelo professor ao contexto de ensino e de aprendizagem das turmas multisseriadas. Acreditamos que a abordagem acional, privilegiada pelo Cadre européen commun de référence pour les langues (CECRL)1, referencial para o ensino de línguas na Europa, pode contribuir para a harmonização das competências, das habilidades e dos conteúdos desenvolvidos bem como para a aproximação dos alunos que integram tais grupos. A fim de atingir tais objetivos, propomos um estudo teórico dos documentos oficiais referentes à criação e à implementação dos CEL e também daqueles que procuram oferecer diretrizes metodológicas para o ensino de idiomas. Buscamos, ainda, analisar os dados coletados em: entrevistas com os docentes do CEL, observação de aulas de FLE nesses estabelecimentos e relatórios de estágio de graduandos futuros professores de línguas em turmas multisseriadas, estabelecendo uma aproximação entre as estratégias de ensino que realmente são postas em prática pelo professor e averiguando em que medida a abordagem acional pode contribuir para o processo de ensino e de aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras nesse contexto. / This research aims at promoting the understanding of the teaching context in Language Study Centers (CEL), institutions which enable students enrolled in any public school to study a second language after their regular school day. The CEL project is entirely supported by the São Paulo State Government. Therefore, this study aims at assessing the effectiveness of teaching French as a foreign language (FFL) in Language Centers, and reflect upon the adequacy of the teaching strategies adopted by teachers in their multigrade classes. We believe that the action-oriented approach adopted in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), which guides language teaching in Europe, may contribute not only to the use of content, abilities, and competencies developed in the classroom, but also to bringing together the students in CEL groups. In order to achieve such goals, this study proposes a theoretical study of the official documents addressing the creation and implementation of Language Centers. We will also analyze the documents that structure the methodological guidelines for language teaching. Finally, we will assess the data gathered from interviews with CEL teachers, classroom observation, and reports written by undergraduate students, who are likely to become French teachers in multigrade classrooms. Our goal is to establish an approximation between teaching strategies that are actually applied during classes and observe to what extent the action-oriented approach can contribute to foreign language teaching and the learning process in the CEL context.

Description Logics (DLs) belong to a successful family of knowledge representation formalisms with two key assets: formally well-defined semantics which allows to represent knowledge in an unambiguous way and automated reasoning which allows to infer implicit knowledge from the one given explicitly. This thesis investigates various reasoning techniques for tractable DLs in the EL family which have been implemented in the CEL system. It suggests that the use of the lightweight DLs, in which reasoning is tractable, is beneficial for ontology design and maintenance both in terms of expressivity and scalability. The claim is supported by a case study on the renown medical ontology SNOMED CT and extensive empirical evaluation on several large-scale biomedical ontologies.

Description Logics (DLs) belong to a successful family of knowledge representation formalisms with two key assets: formally well-defined semantics which allows to represent knowledge in an unambiguous way and automated reasoning which allows to infer implicit knowledge from the one given explicitly. This thesis investigates various reasoning techniques for tractable DLs in the EL family which have been implemented in the CEL system. It suggests that the use of the lightweight DLs, in which reasoning is tractable, is beneficial for ontology design and maintenance both in terms of expressivity and scalability. The claim is supported by a case study on the renown medical ontology SNOMED CT and extensive empirical evaluation on several large-scale biomedical ontologies.

The bankruptcy problem involves the distribution of perfectly divisible goods. Particular attention is paid to the situations, where the amount of goods available is not enough to cover the demand. An example of real life situations that can be solved using various bankruptcy rules may be a division of a heritage or when a company goes bankrupt and its estates are sold to satisfy interested parties' claims. This paper introduces to the problem a linear structure of the participants, meaning that participants are now satisfied one after another in a preset order. It applies the equal awards (CEA) and the equal losses (CEL) solutions on the revised problem. Since their axiomatization is no longer valid, both solutions are extended and new characterizations are given in the thesis. The thesis contains a series of original proofs for both extended solutions and whole problem is examined in the setting of the well-known river sharing problem.