Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-30T12:20:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissDCSB.pdf: 3480950 bytes, checksum: 29cdeb22db7ad5918f5bf06a14d3c6f9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-30T19:40:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissDCSB.pdf: 3480950 bytes, checksum: 29cdeb22db7ad5918f5bf06a14d3c6f9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-30T19:40:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissDCSB.pdf: 3480950 bytes, checksum: 29cdeb22db7ad5918f5bf06a14d3c6f9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-30T19:49:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissDCSB.pdf: 3480950 bytes, checksum: 29cdeb22db7ad5918f5bf06a14d3c6f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-02 / Outra / With the challenge of preparing our students for their role in a global Market, it is a high priority teaching them a second language in order to raise the percentage of speakers, who master the English language. In São Paulo, recent investments have enabled the expansion of the number of Language Teaching Centers (CEL) as well as the introduction of English language as one of the options. Our concern in this context is to understand how educational performance and collateral factors might contribute in the teaching process and the foreign language learning. Starting with the question: “How does the teacher approach can influence the development of the proposed activities with the provided support material of the English course?”, we proceeded to investigate the CEL English classroom, in order to understand the teaching activities and the teacher's relationship with the material. Based on Almeida Filho (1993, 2011), Barcelos (2006a) and Abrahão (2002), an ethnographic-based study was conducted. For data collection, we have used semi-structured questionnaire for the teacher, semi-structured questionnaire for the student, interview with the teacher and teacher observation as instruments in order to see how the teaching action influences the English course offered at CEL. These instruments have allowed us to perform the triangulation of data and its analysis. The results suggested that the teacher's relationship with the course support material it is still attached to the old-fashioned teaching guided by traditional approach, in spite of the training they have gone through. The results have showed that the teacher's approach is prevalent in the consolidation of the support material and guidance for the students. If we are to expect for a new language teaching practice, focused on significant teaching, also contemporary and communicative, an urgent condition is to offer the teachers training courses that bring them to reflection on theories and methodologies in contemporary language teaching. In order to provide both teacher professional development and the improvement of foreign language teaching in basic education. / Diante do desafio de preparar os alunos para sua atuação no mercado globalizado, faz-se urgente o ensino da segunda língua, a fim de elevar a porcentagem de falantes que dominam o idioma inglês. No Estado de São Paulo, os recentes investimentos permitiram a ampliação do número de Centros de Estudos de Línguas (CEL) e a introdução da oferta do idioma inglês no leque de idiomas oferecidos. Partindo do contexto de implementação do curso de Inglês, buscamos compreender como os fatores atuação docente e material de apoio contribuem no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de língua estrangeira. A partir da pergunta: Como a abordagem do professor pode influenciar no desenvolvimento das atividades propostas no material de apoio do curso de inglês?, buscamos investigar a sala de aula de Língua Inglesa do Centro de Estudos de Línguas (CEL) em uma Diretoria de Ensino do Estado de São Paulo, no intuito de compreender a ação docente e a relação do professor com o material de apoio proposto. Foi realizado um estudo de cunho etnográfico a partir dos referenciais do ensino de língua estrangeira, dentre eles, Almeida Filho (1993, 2012), Barcelos (2006a) e Abrahão (2002). Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados como instrumentos questionários semiestruturados para o professor e para o aluno, entrevista com o professor e observação docente, a fim de verificar como a ação desse profissional exerce influência na implantação do curso de inglês oferecido no CEL. Os diferentes instrumentos nos permitiram realizar a triangulação dos dados e sua análise. Os resultados sugerem que na relação do professor com o material de apoio do curso ainda é presente a concepção de ensino pautada pela abordagem tradicional, apesar dos cursos de formação em serviço oferecidos. Os resultados mostram que a abordagem do professor tem predomínio na consolidação das atividades do material de apoio e na orientação aos alunos. No sentido de contribuir para uma prática renovada orientada pelo ensino de línguas contemporâneo, com foco no ensino significativo, contextualizado, comunicativo, torna-se condição urgente a oferta de cursos na formação docente em serviço que contribuam para a reflexão sobre as teorias e metodologias no ensino de línguas na contemporaneidade, para o desenvolvimento profissional docente e para a melhoria do ensino de LE na educação básica.

Orientador: José Alexandre Diniz / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T10:50:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_AudreyRoberto_M.pdf: 3023922 bytes, checksum: ee750f675d01f2b3ceebd5d74149b16e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de células fotovoltaicas de junção n+/p em substratos de Si com processos de fabricação totalmente compatíveis com a tecnologia CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor). Os processos compatíveis desenvolvidos neste trabalho sao as técnicas: i) de texturização da superfície do Si, com reflexao da superficie texturizada de 15% obtida com a formação de micro-pirâmides (alturas entre 3 e 7 ?m), utilizando-se solução alcalina de NH4OH (hidróxido de amônia), que e livre da contaminação indesejável por íons de Na+ e K+ quando se utiliza soluções tradicionais de NaOH e de KOH, respectivamente, e ii) de deposição ECR-CVD (Electron Cyclotron Resonance - Chemical Vapor Deposition) da camada antirrefletora (ARC) de SiNX (nitreto de silício), que e executada em temperatura ambiente, portanto pode ser feita apos a finalização da célula sem danificar trilhas metálicas e alterar a profundidade da junção n+/p. A caracterização desta camada ARC mostrou que o nitreto tem índice de refração de 1,92 e refletância mínima de 1,03%, o que e um excelente resultado para uso em células solares (ou fotovoltaicas). Foram fabricadas cinco series de células fotovoltaicas, utilizando-se a texturização com NH4OH e a camada antirrefletora de nitreto de Si. Em quatro series utilizou-se o processo de implantação de íons de fósforo (31P+), com posterior recozimento, para a formação da região n+, enquanto que na quinta serie foi utilizado o processo de difusão térmica. As eficiências máximas para as células fabricadas são de 9% e de 12%, respectivamente, para as células feitas utilizando os processos de implantação e de difusão térmica, indicando que a implantação de íons causa danos na rede cristalina do silício, que o posterior recozimento não consegue corrigir, o que reduz a eficiência da célula / Abstract: This work presents the development of photovoltaic cells based on n+/p junction in Si substrates, with fully compatible fabrication processes with CMOS technology. The compatible processes, which are developed in this study, are the techniques: i) of Si surface texturing, with the textured surface reflection of 15% obtained by the formation of micro-pyramids (heights between 3 and 7 ?m) using NH4OH (ammonium hydroxide) alkaline solution, which is free of undesirable contamination by Na + and K + ions, when NaOH and KOH traditional solutions are used, respectively, and ii) of the ECR-CVD (Electron Cyclotron Resonance - Chemical Vapor Deposition) deposition of SiNx (silicon nitride) anti-reflective coating (ARC), which is carried out at room temperature and can be performed after the end of cell fabrication without damage on metallic tracks and without variation of n+/p junction depth. The ARC coating characterization presented that the silicon nitride has a refractive index of 1.92 and a minimum reflectance of 1.03%, which is an excellent result for application in solar (or photovoltaic) cells. Five series of photovoltaic cells were fabricated, using the NH4OH solution texturing and the silicon nitride antireflective coating. In the first four series, phosphorus (31P+) ion implantation process, with subsequent annealing to get the region n+, was used, while, in the fifth series was used the thermal diffusion process. The maximum efficiency values are of 9% and 12%, respectively, for cells, which were fabricated using the ion implantation and thermal diffusion processes, indicating that the ion implantation damages the silicon crystal lattice and the subsequent annealing cannot rectify, which reduces the cell efficiency / Mestrado / Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

<div>Aluminum 6061 is extensively used in industry and welding and additive manufacturing (AM) of Al6061 offer flexibility in manufacturing. Solid-state welding and AM processes can overcome the shortcomings of fusion-based processes, such as porosity and hot cracking. In this thesis, friction stir welding and friction stir additive manufacturing, which are both based on the concepts of friction stir processing (solid-state), were studied. The welding parameters for a sound weld during friction stir welding of Al6061-T6 alloy were determined based on the experimental and numerical analysis. Formation of tunnel defects and cavity defects was also studied. A Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) finite element model was established to analyze the process, where the workpiece was modeled as an Eulerian body, and the tool as Lagrangian. The model was validated by conducting experiments and correlating the force measured by a three-axis dynamometer. The experimentally validated simulation model was used to find an optimum parameter set for the sound weld case.</div><div>To demonstrate the friction stir additive manufacturing process, a 40 mm × 8 mm × 8 mm (L×B×H) material was fabricated by adding five 1.6 mm thick plates. A similar coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian based finite element model was used to predict the effects of sound process parameters, such as the tool’s rotational speed and the translational speed. The temperature predicted by the model was used to predict the microhardness distribution in the sample and to further elucidate the hardness change in the weld zone, which showed a good agreement with the experimental results. The microstructure of the samples was analyzed, and the mechanical properties of the additive manufactured samples were characterized and compared with those of other AM techniques via tensile tests and tensile shear tests.</div>

Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) is a Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy with the potential for long-term disease control in heavily pre-treated patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). As cilta-cel was assessed in the single-arm CARTITUDE-1 clinical trial, we used an external cohort of patients from the Therapie Monitor registry fulfilling the CARTITUDE-1 inclusion criteria to evaluate the effectiveness of cilta-cel for overall survival (OS) and time to next treatment (TTNT) vs. real-world clinical practice. Individual patient data allowed us to adjust the comparisons between both cohorts, using the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPW; average treatment effect in the treated population (ATT) and overlap population (ATO) weights) and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. Outcomes were compared in intention-to-treat (HR, IPW-ATT: TTNT: 0.13 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.24); OS: 0.14 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.25); IPW-ATO: TTNT: 0.24 (95% CI: 0.12, 0.49); OS: 0.26 (95% CI: 0.13, 0.54)) and modified intention-to-treat (HR, IPW-ATT: TTNT: 0.24 (95% CI: 0.09, 0.67); OS: 0.26 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.84); IPW-ATO: TTNT: 0.26 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.59); OS: 0.31 (95% CI: 0.12, 0.79)) populations. All the comparisons were statistically significant in favor of cilta-cel. These results highlight cilta-cel’s potential as a novel, effective treatment to address unmet needs in patients with RRMM.

Dans l’industrie pharmaceutique, la granulation sèche par compactage à rouleaux est un procédé d’agglomération de poudres en granulés pour améliorer les propriétés d’écoulement nécessaire pour le procédé de compression en matrice. Comprendre le procédé de compactage à rouleaux et optimiser l’efficacité de production est limitée par l’utilisation de l’approche expérimentale à cause du coût élevé des poudres, le temps des essais et la complexité du procédé. Dans ce travail, une méthode d’éléments finis en 3D, est développée dans le but d’identifier les paramètres critiques du matériau et du procédé pour le contrôle de la qualité de la production. Le modèle de comportement de Drucker-Prager Cap est utilisé pour décrire le comportement en compression de poudres et sa calibration est déterminée à partir des essais standard. Pour surmonter la complexité liée à l’existence de deux mécanismes différents, l’alimentation en poudre par une vis sans fin et le compactage entre les rouleaux, une nouvelle méthode d’interfaçage entre la méthode des éléments discrets (DEM) employée pour décrire l’écoulement dans l’alimentation et la méthode des éléments finis (FEM) utilisée pour le compactage entre les rouleaux est développée. Enfin, pour une modélisation de compactage de rouleaux plus réaliste, prenant en compte la variation de l’entrefer entre les rouleaux, une nouvelle approche de couplage Euler-Lagrange est proposée. Les résultats de simulations par éléments finis montrent clairement l’effet des différents paramètres du procédé sur les distributions de pression et de densité dans la zone de compactage. En outre, les résultats montrent que l'utilisation de plaques de confinement de la poudre entre les rouleaux, développe une distribution de pression et de densité non homogène dans le compact, avec une densité plus élevée au centre et plus faible aux bords. D'autre part, l’utilisation de rouleaux dont l’un est surmonté d’une jante de confinement, a montré une distribution de propriétés globalement plus uniforme sur la largeur du compact avec des valeurs légèrement plus élevées aux bords qu’au centre. La méthodologie combinant les méthodes DEM & FEM montre clairement une corrélation directe entre la vitesse des particules entraînées par la vis dans la zone d’alimentation et la pression du rouleau. Tous les deux oscillent avec la même période. Cela se traduit par un compact anisotrope avec un profile de densité variant de manière sinusoïdale le long de sa largeur. Afin d'étudier la capacité du modèle à prédire les propriétés des compacts produits par compactage à rouleaux, les prédictions par simulations numériques sont comparées aux données de la littérature et validées par des mesures spécifiques. / In the pharmaceutical industry, dry granulation by roll compaction is a process of size enlargement of powder into granules with good flowability for subsequent die compaction process. Understanding the roll compaction process and optimizing manufacturing efficiency is limited using the experimental approach due to the high cost of powder, time-consuming and the complexity of the process. In this work, a 3D Finite Element Method (FEM) model was developed to identify the critical material properties, roll press designs and process parameters controlling the quality of the product. The Drucker-Prager Cap (DPC) model was used to describe the powder compaction behavior and was determined based on standard calibration method. To overcome the complexity involving two different mechanisms of powder feeding by the screw and powder compaction between rolls, a novel combined approach of Discrete Element Method (DEM), used to predict the granular material flow in the feed zone and the Finite Elements Method (FEM) employed for roll compaction, was developed. Lastly, for a more realistic roll compaction modelling, allowing the fluctuation of the gap between rolls, a Coupled-Eulerian Lagrangian (CEL) approach was developed. FEM simulation results clearly show the effect of different process parameters on roll pressure and density distribution in the compaction zone of powder between the rolls. Moreover, results show that using a cheek-plates sealing system causes a nonuniform roll pressure and density distribution with the highest values in the middle and the lowest at the edges. On the other hand, the resultant pressure and density distributions with the rimmed-roll obtained higher values in the edges than in the middle and overall a more uniform distribution. The combined DEM-FEM methodology clearly shows a direct correlation between the particle velocity driven by the screw conveyor to the feed zone and the roll pressure, both oscillating in the same period. This translates into an anisotropic ribbon with a density profile varying sinusoidally along its length. To validate the results, the simulations are compared with literature and experimentally measured values in order to assess the ability of the model to predict the properties of the produced ribbons.

Ambitionen och målet med mitt projekt var att visualisera delar av en berättelse med hjälp av den senaste datortekniken. Detta tog sin form av en 3d-animation. Målet var inte att producera en färdig kortfilm utan att arbeta med utvalda delar. Projektet var indelat i tre block; en planerings- och researchfas, en produktionsfas och en reflektionsfas. Stora delar av magisterarbetet har bestått av att producera innehåll som sedan ska analyseras. Med arbetet vill jag att folk ska få mer förståelse för 3d-tekniken som ett flexibelt och intressant konstverktyg. I denna reflektion som är beroende av produktresultatet försöker jag i ord beskriva den tekniska och estetiska vägen från koncept till produktion. För att få förståelse för mina resonemang i denna reflektion kommer jag att använda mig av bilder från min produktion. Resultatet av magistern är en del av en arbetsprocess som kan analyseras och reflekteras. Med projektet har jag lärt mig att 3d inte är ett likriktat grafiskt verktyg utan en fascinerande konstform som är mer flexibel och personlig än vad man kan tro. Jag har funderat mycket kring det konstnärliga värdet i det jag har skapat och funderat mycket kring vad digital konst egentligen är och hur jag ser på det. / Detta är en reflektionsdel till en digital medieproduktion. cload@evilemail.com www.cloaddust.com

This thesis deals with the current events in the World Trade Organization concerning about non-agricultural (industrial) products. It describes negotiations procceding cca from the year 2006 till now. The problems that I have chosen correspond to the chapters and comprises formula for tariff cutting and its coefficients, flexibilities, non-tariff barriers, sectoral negotiations and recently added members. Just as the problems I have chosen also the countries - Brazil, China, India, the European Union and the United States of America. They could be classified as the key and most active players in non-agricultural market access negotiations. I was concentrating on their opinions, attitudes, reaction and especially proposals.

Deregulation of gene expression caused by genetic or epigenetic changes plays an important role in pathogenesis of cancer. The thesis is a commented collection of ten publications dealing with the molecular biology of tumours. The author has significantly contributed to all of them. All the articles contained in the thesis are linked to the topic of assessment of molecules involved in gene expression regulation (microRNAs) or DNA alterations that affect gene expression (promoter methylation, presence of a fusion gene). MicroRNAs are short single-stranded RNA molecules involved in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by triggering mRNA degradation or inhibiting translation. It is a basic mechanism with an impact on all cellular processes including the pathogenesis of various diseases. MicroRNAs can either act as oncogenes by decreasing the expression of tumour-suppressor genes or as tumour-suppressor genes by decreasing the expression of oncogenes. However, the network of microRNA - RNA interactions is much more complex. Our published results that are part of this thesis are focused on colorectal carcinoma (CRC), prostate cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), gastric cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In patients with CRC, we demonstrated the prognostic...

Deregulation of gene expression caused by genetic or epigenetic changes plays an important role in pathogenesis of cancer. The thesis is a commented collection of ten publications dealing with the molecular biology of tumours. The author has significantly contributed to all of them. All the articles contained in the thesis are linked to the topic of assessment of molecules involved in gene expression regulation (microRNAs) or DNA alterations that affect gene expression (promoter methylation, presence of a fusion gene). MicroRNAs are short single-stranded RNA molecules involved in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by triggering mRNA degradation or inhibiting translation. It is a basic mechanism with an impact on all cellular processes including the pathogenesis of various diseases. MicroRNAs can either act as oncogenes by decreasing the expression of tumour-suppressor genes or as tumour-suppressor genes by decreasing the expression of oncogenes. However, the network of microRNA - RNA interactions is much more complex. Our published results that are part of this thesis are focused on colorectal carcinoma (CRC), prostate cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), gastric cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In patients with CRC, we demonstrated the prognostic...

Bakgrund: Diffust storcelligt B-cellslymfom (DLBCL) är en högmalign cancersjukdom som drabbar B-lymfocyterna, en typ av vita blodkroppar. Incidensen i Sverige är omkring 600 fall per år. Utan effektiv behandling sker sjukdomsprogressionen med ett snabbt förlopp. Under de senaste två årtiondena har behandlingarna som använts i första och andra linjen kunnat bota 60–70% av patienterna med DLBCL. För patienterna som inte svarat på standardbehandlingarna är prognosen mycket allvarlig. YESCARTA är ett nytt genterapiläkemedel som består av patientens egna T-celler modifierade med en chimär antigen receptor (CAR). När CAR T-cellen binder till B-lymfocyter frisätts inflammatoriska mediatorer som orsakar celldöd av både normala och tumöromvandlade B-lymfocyter. Syfte: Hur påverkar behandling med YESCARTA den totala överlevnaden (OS), responsfrekvensen (ORR), progressionsfri överlevnad (PFS), händelsefri överlevnad (EFS), responsduration (DOR), samt komplett och partiell respons (CR &amp; PR) hos patienter med diffust storcelligt B-cellslymfom (DLBCL)? Detta arbete syftar till att systematiskt sammanställa och utvärdera befintlig vetenskaplig litteratur om YESCARTA för att besvara denna frågeställning. Metod: Litteratursökningen utfördes i PubMed. Samtliga MeSH-termer för läkemedlet YESCARTA konsoliderades och filter för observation- och kliniska studier applicerades. Sökningen genererade 34 artiklar, varav 10 kunde inkluderas. Exklusion skedde huvudsakligen av studier som undersökt annat än den terapeutiska effekten av YESCARTA. Resultat: Majoriteten av studierna var av typen fas II. En fas III-studie med varianter i uppföljningstid och undergruppsanalys inkluderades. YESCARTA förefaller vara överlägsen standardbehandling i alla utfallsmått. Resultatet är mest robust för ORR, EFS och PFS. Cirka fyra av fem patienter kan förväntas uppnå remission efter behandling med YESCARTA. Effektfördelen av YESCARTA i OS och DOR är osäker med avseende på statistisk signifikans. Slutsats: För särskilt utvalda patienter med DLBCL är YESCARTA ett effektivt behandlingsalternativ.