O termo lateralidade é usado para definir a preferência para executar os movimentos com uma das mãos ou um dos pés conhecidos como preferência lateral. Essa preferência pode acarretar a modificação no padrão de movimento em determinadas ações de jogo. O objetivo do trabalho é analisar a trajetória do Centro de Massa (CM) do salto com queda lateral de goleiros de futebol e avaliar possíveis assimetrias originadas pela preferência lateral. Participaram do estudo dez sujeitos do sexo masculino, com idade entre 18 á 34 (21,6 ± 5,1) anos, massa corporal média 88,7 kg ± 8,5, estatura média 191 cm ± 4 e gordura corporal relativa média 11,6% ± 2,6 com o tempo médio de treino 10,9 ±5 anos e todos atuaram na Série A do Campeonato Paulista de 2014. No presente estudo o objetivo foi analisar a trajetória do CM do salto com queda lateral de goleiros de futebol quanto ao lado preferido e não preferido e a possível influência da assimetria lateral. Com base nos resultados obtidos nesse estudo foi possível concluir que o tempo de reação na condição sem conhecimento prévio do local de lançamento da bola foi significativamente maior que na condição com conhecimento prévio de lançamento da bola. As variáveis deslocamento do CM, tempo para atingir a velocidade pico, velocidade pico, velocidade média, aceleração média e ângulo vertical não houveram diferenças quando comparado lado preferido e não preferido, com e sem informação do local de lançamento da bola. O ângulo frontal houve diferença quando comparado as condições com informação e sem informação. Os goleiros estudados apresentaram no inventário de lateralidade uma preferência lateral, que indicando uma possível condição de assimetria. Contudo, isso não foi um fator determinante para modificar as variáveis cinemáticas analisadas correspondentes ao desempenho motor do salto lateral nas cobranças de pênaltis, não apresentado correlação do inventário de lateralidade com os desempenhos analisados. / The term laterality is used to set the preference to execute movements with a hand or a foot known as lateral preference. This preference may lead to a change in the pattern of movement in certain game actions. The objective is to analyze the trajectory of the mass center (CM) side diving of the soccer goalkeepers and evaluate possible asymmetries caused by the lateral preference. Study participants were ten male subjects, ages 18 to 34 will (21.6 ± 5.1) years, mean body weight 88.7 kg ± 8.5, average height 191 cm ± 4 and body fat relative average 11 6 ± 2.6% with the average time of training 10.9 ± 5 years and all acted in Serie A of the 2014 Championship. In this study the objective was to analyze the CM trajectory with side diving of the goalkeeping football on the preferred side and not preferred and the possible influence of lateral asymmetry. Based on the results obtained in this study it was concluded that the reaction time provided without prior knowledge of ball launch was significantly higher than provided with prior release of the ball. The displacement of the MC, the time to reach peak velocity, peak velocity, mean velocity, acceleration and average vertical angle there were no differences compared preferred and non-preferred side, with and without information ball launch site. The front angle was no difference when compared with the conditions information and without information. Despite the goalkeepers stand out a side preference in inventory laterality demonstrating a possible asymmetry condition, but that was not presented in the analyzed variables corresponding to motor performance in the penalty shoot-out, not shown correlation of inventory handedness with the analyzed performance.

Nas últimas décadas a população idosa vem aumentando rapidamente. Com o avanço da idade, os indivíduos têm diversas perdas morfológicas, funcionais e mecânicas. Assim, torna-se cada vez mais relevante abordar questões relacionadas às capacidades físicas dessa população. Uma variável relevante de análise é o controle postural, o qual é importante na realização das tarefas diárias. As oscilações do centro de massa e movimentos das articulações, obtidas por cinemática, e o centro de pressão, obtido através da plataforma de força, fornecem variáveis que permitem análise do comportamento do controle postural. O controle postural e a execução de dupla-tarefa são amplamente estudados na população idosa. No entanto, a grande maioria de estudos não utiliza ou não fornece dados referentes à validade dos testes adjacentes utilizados ao controle postural. O objetivo central do estudo foi determinar a confiabilidade teste-reteste, a reprodutibilidade intra-avaliador, a objetividade, a sensibilidade e a validade do instrumento (teste do laser) criado para ser utilizado em testes adjacentes ao controle postural (dupla-tarefa). Além disso, objetivou-se comparar o controle postural entre adultos-jovens e idosos em diferentes alturas com desafio de duplatarefa. Também foi objetivo desse estudo, verificar as correlações entre variáveis do centro de massa (COM) e do centro de pressão (COP) em idosos na situação de controle postural quase-estático. Para obtenção dos dados cinemáticos foi utilizado o sistema VICON e os dados do COP foram obtidos através de uma plataforma de força AMTI OR6-6-2000. Ambos os instrumentos capturaram os dados simultaneamente na frequência de 100 Hz. O tempo de duração de cada tentativa foi de 30 segundos. Os achados do presente estudo mostraram que o teste do laser possui confiabilidade, validade, reprodutibilidade, sensibilidade e foi válido como teste adicional para o controle postural. Os idosos têm pior controle postural que adultos-jovens, fazendo maior uso da estratégia do quadril na manutenção do equilíbrio. Em situação elevada, os valores de oscilação corporal foram maiores que em nível do solo. Os idosos apresentaram maiores deslocamentos do COP que adultos-jovens tanto elevados quanto em nível do solo. Com relação aos testes utilizados como dupla-tarefa, conclui-se que todos foram capazes de alterar os valores em comparação com tarefa simples. As correlações entre as variáveis área da elipse, velocidade média de oscilação, amplitude ântero-posterior e amplitude médio-lateral do COM e as respectivas variáveis do COP foram todas fortes e significativas. / In recent decades the elderly population is increasing rapidly. With advancing age, individuals have different morphological, functional and mechanical losses. So it is important to address issues related to physical abilities of this population. A relevant variable analysis is postural control, which is important in carrying out daily tasks. The oscillations of the center of mass and movement of the joints, obtained by kinematics, and the center of pressure, obtained by force platform, provide variables that allow analysis of postural control behavior. Postural control and dual-task execution are widely studied in the elderly. However, most studies do not use or do not provide data concerning the validity of the tests used adjacent to the postural control. The main objective of the study was to determine the test-retest reliability, intra-examiner reproducibility, objectivity, sensitivity and instrument validity (laser test) designed for use in adjacent tests to postural control (dual-task). In addition, the objective was to compare the postural control among young adults and elderly people in different heights with dual-task challenge and verify the correlations between COM and COP in the elderly in the static postural control situation. To obtain kinematic data was used VICON system and COP data were obtained through a force platform AMTI OR6-6-2000. Both instruments simultaneously captured data at a frequency of 100 Hz. The duration of each trial was 30 seconds. The finding of this study showed that the laser test has reliability, validity, reproducibility, sensitivity, and was valid as an additional test for postural control. The elderly have worse postural control than young adults, making greater use of the hip strategy in maintaining balance. In high position, the body oscillation values were higher than in the ground. The elderly had higher COP shifts than young adults so high as in the ground level. Regarding the tests used as dual-task, it is concluded that all were able to change the values compared to simple task. The correlations between variables area of the ellipse, average speed of oscillation, anteroposterior amplitude and medial-lateral extent of the COM and its COP variables were all strong and significant.

Muitas sÃo as ferramentas desenvolvidas para a resoluÃÃo de problemas de Geometria Euclidiana. O presente estudo apresenta uma ferramenta baseada no conceito fÃsico de centro de massa, proporcionando o desenvolvimento de habilidades necessÃrias na resoluÃÃo de problemas geomÃtricos, principalmente em relaÃÃo Ãs questÃes apresentadas em OlimpÃadas de MatemÃticas, tanto no Ensino Fundamental como no Ensino MÃdio. / There are many tools developed for solving Euclidean Geometry problems. This study presents a tool based on the physical concept of center of mass, allowing the development of the skills needed to solve geometric problems, especially the ones presented in Mathematics Olympiads, both in Elementary School and in High School.

Nas últimas décadas a população idosa vem aumentando rapidamente. Com o avanço da idade, os indivíduos têm diversas perdas morfológicas, funcionais e mecânicas. Assim, torna-se cada vez mais relevante abordar questões relacionadas às capacidades físicas dessa população. Uma variável relevante de análise é o controle postural, o qual é importante na realização das tarefas diárias. As oscilações do centro de massa e movimentos das articulações, obtidas por cinemática, e o centro de pressão, obtido através da plataforma de força, fornecem variáveis que permitem análise do comportamento do controle postural. O controle postural e a execução de dupla-tarefa são amplamente estudados na população idosa. No entanto, a grande maioria de estudos não utiliza ou não fornece dados referentes à validade dos testes adjacentes utilizados ao controle postural. O objetivo central do estudo foi determinar a confiabilidade teste-reteste, a reprodutibilidade intra-avaliador, a objetividade, a sensibilidade e a validade do instrumento (teste do laser) criado para ser utilizado em testes adjacentes ao controle postural (dupla-tarefa). Além disso, objetivou-se comparar o controle postural entre adultos-jovens e idosos em diferentes alturas com desafio de duplatarefa. Também foi objetivo desse estudo, verificar as correlações entre variáveis do centro de massa (COM) e do centro de pressão (COP) em idosos na situação de controle postural quase-estático. Para obtenção dos dados cinemáticos foi utilizado o sistema VICON e os dados do COP foram obtidos através de uma plataforma de força AMTI OR6-6-2000. Ambos os instrumentos capturaram os dados simultaneamente na frequência de 100 Hz. O tempo de duração de cada tentativa foi de 30 segundos. Os achados do presente estudo mostraram que o teste do laser possui confiabilidade, validade, reprodutibilidade, sensibilidade e foi válido como teste adicional para o controle postural. Os idosos têm pior controle postural que adultos-jovens, fazendo maior uso da estratégia do quadril na manutenção do equilíbrio. Em situação elevada, os valores de oscilação corporal foram maiores que em nível do solo. Os idosos apresentaram maiores deslocamentos do COP que adultos-jovens tanto elevados quanto em nível do solo. Com relação aos testes utilizados como dupla-tarefa, conclui-se que todos foram capazes de alterar os valores em comparação com tarefa simples. As correlações entre as variáveis área da elipse, velocidade média de oscilação, amplitude ântero-posterior e amplitude médio-lateral do COM e as respectivas variáveis do COP foram todas fortes e significativas. / In recent decades the elderly population is increasing rapidly. With advancing age, individuals have different morphological, functional and mechanical losses. So it is important to address issues related to physical abilities of this population. A relevant variable analysis is postural control, which is important in carrying out daily tasks. The oscillations of the center of mass and movement of the joints, obtained by kinematics, and the center of pressure, obtained by force platform, provide variables that allow analysis of postural control behavior. Postural control and dual-task execution are widely studied in the elderly. However, most studies do not use or do not provide data concerning the validity of the tests used adjacent to the postural control. The main objective of the study was to determine the test-retest reliability, intra-examiner reproducibility, objectivity, sensitivity and instrument validity (laser test) designed for use in adjacent tests to postural control (dual-task). In addition, the objective was to compare the postural control among young adults and elderly people in different heights with dual-task challenge and verify the correlations between COM and COP in the elderly in the static postural control situation. To obtain kinematic data was used VICON system and COP data were obtained through a force platform AMTI OR6-6-2000. Both instruments simultaneously captured data at a frequency of 100 Hz. The duration of each trial was 30 seconds. The finding of this study showed that the laser test has reliability, validity, reproducibility, sensitivity, and was valid as an additional test for postural control. The elderly have worse postural control than young adults, making greater use of the hip strategy in maintaining balance. In high position, the body oscillation values were higher than in the ground. The elderly had higher COP shifts than young adults so high as in the ground level. Regarding the tests used as dual-task, it is concluded that all were able to change the values compared to simple task. The correlations between variables area of the ellipse, average speed of oscillation, anteroposterior amplitude and medial-lateral extent of the COM and its COP variables were all strong and significant.

Position of the vehicle is essential to navigate the vehicle along a desired path without any human interference. Global Positioning System (GPS) loses significant power due to signal attenuation caused by construction buildings. A good positioning system should have both good positioning accuracy and reliability. The purpose of this thesis is to implement a new positioning system using camera and examine the accuracy of the estimated vehicle position on a real-time scenario. The major focus of the thesis is to develop two algorithms for estimation of the position of the vehicle using a static camera and to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms. The proposed positioning system is based on two different processes. First process uses center of mass to estimate the position, while the second one utilizes gradient information to estimate the position of the vehicle. Two versions of the positioning systems are implemented. One version uses center of mass concept and background subtraction to estimate the position of the vehicle and the other version calculates gradients to estimate the position of the vehicle. Both algorithms are sensitive to point of view of the image i.e height of the camera. On comparing both algorithms, gradient based algorithm is less sensitive to the camera view. Finally, the performance is greater dependent on the height of the camera position for center of mass positioning system, as compared to the gradient positioning system but the accuracy of the systems can be improved by increasing the height of the camera. In terms of the speed of processing, the gradient positioning system is faster than the center of mass positioning system. The first algorithm, based on center of mass has 89.75\% accuracy with a standard deviation of 3 pixels and the second algorithm has an accuracy of 92.26\%. Accuracy of the system is estimated from the number of false detected positions.

No description available.

The goal of this diploma thesis is to create structural design of reverse trike vehicle. With use of vehicle dynamics simulations in software MSC Adams Car 2019 is examining suitability of double wishbone suspension with different roll centre heights and effect of longitudinal position of Centre of mass on ride properties and limits. Selected concept of reverse trike vehicle is structurally designed using Solidworks 2016 and stress is inspected with FEM software Ansys Workbench 2019.

No description available.

The most common way to measure postural stability is to examine the displacement of the center of pressure (CoP). But some scientists claim that the center of mass (CoM) is what really indicates the sway of the whole body, since the body is a multi-joint system. Many previous studies of human balance have targeted groups with diffrent kinds of balance impairments. In a recent study C. Lidbeck investigated factors influencing standing in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (BSCP). The conclusion of that study was that the crouched position, that is common with this kind of disability, was not found to be related to strength and not entirely related to the degree of their motor disorders. In this thesis a number methods were chosen to assess the postural stability of children with BSCP, using both the CoP and the CoM. The hypothesis was that the different methods would show different aspects of the children's balance impairment. Also, the influence of visual stimuli on the crouching position was examined. The long term aim is that the results may contribute to a deeper understanding of the balance disturbances that often accompany this group of children. 16 children with BSCP (GMFCS level I-III) and 20 typically developing (TD) children were included in the study. Data was collected, before the start of this project, using two force plates and an eight-camera 3D motion analysis system with passive markers. The children performed three different standing tasks during 30 seconds each; quiet standing, blindfolded and an attention-task. Five methods were chosen (based on previous literature) and implemented in Matlab to examine the postural stability of the two groups during the three tasks. Result shows that all methods used can clearly distinguish between the balance in the BSCP group and the TD group. When comparing the quiet standing task with the blindfolded task in the BSCP group, there were some significant results from the statistical evaluation (P$<$0.05). The result from several of the methods indicated that the children of this group have better postural stability when blindfolded, which is not in agreement with previous literature. In contrast, one method using the total mean velocity indicated that the postural stability decreased. During the attention-task, the methods disagreed with each other, implying a change in balance strategy in the BSCP group that was different from the TD group. Four methods are suggested for future studies, two using the CoP and two using the CoM. These four methods highlighted different aspects of the data and in combination they may provide a bigger picture of the postural stability of children with BSCP. Even though there were no significant difference in the vertical displacement of the CoM between the BSCP and the TD group, the CoM was slightly elevated during the attention-task in the BSCP group. In the TD group the CoM was lowered during the same task. This indicates that the children with BSCP in this study straighten up a bit when they can focus on something outside of their own body.

No description available.