Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ilton Garcia da Costa.pdf: 779428 bytes, checksum: 44386cb75acd7b65b6c55394b250c17b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-07 / The present study focuses on analyzing the Constitution and Education concerning the independence of universities and the normative and directive presence of the central government in universities, especially the private ones. The acts of the central government may, by means of norms, limit the independence of private universities, a fact that has inspired and founded the present study. In order to establish such interference, normative instruments have been analyzed, starting with the Federal Constitution, followed by the Law of Directives and Bases in Education, and including other legislation, from the perspective of Higher Education institutions. As the study developed, first the Federal Constitution was examined with respect to Education and their inter-connections. Next, Education was analyzed as a necessary and fundamental asset to achieve social justice, enforce public policies to ensure the quality of Higher Education; then the Law of Directives and Bases was examined regarding Higher Education, particularly education provided by private institutions, then the study compares the number of private versus public Higher Education institutions and, finally, the study looks into the central government s directive action in Higher Education and how it interferes with the independence of universities. The independence of universities has been analyzed from the point of view of pedagogical pluralism, freedom of choice and the actions meant to improve quality and bring excellence to Higher Education. The study has identified the need for directive action on the part of the central government on private Higher Education institutions to ensure quality, although within some parameters contemplated in this paper, and has confirmed the inescapable need for the independence of universities, whether public or private / O presente estudo tem como cerne analisar a Constituição e a Educação no que se refere à autonomia universitária e à presença normativa e diretiva do Estado nas instituições de ensino superior, em especial nas particulares. A ação do Estado pode, através de normas, limitar a autonomia universitária em instituições particulares, fato que norteia e fundamenta o presente estudo. Para delimitar esta interferência, foram analisados os instrumentos normativos a iniciar pela Constituição Federal, seguida pela Lei de Diretriz e Bases da Educação além de outras legislações, segundo a perspectiva da Educação Superior. No desenvolvimento do estudo, inicialmente se cotejou a Constituição Federal no que diz respeito à Educação e seus inter-relacionamentos. Sequencialmente é analisada a Educação, como um bem necessário e fundamental à justiça social, à efetivação de políticas públicas direcionadas à qualidade do ensino superior, a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases no que tange ao ensino superior, em especial ao ensino oferecido por instituições particulares, comparações entre a oferta de ensino superior particular em relação ao ensino superior público e, por fim, a ação diretiva do Estado na Educação Superior e sua interferência na autonomia universitária. A autonomia universitária foi analisada pelo prisma do pluralismo pedagógico, da liberdade de escolha e das ações que objetivam a qualidade e a excelência do Ensino Superior. O estudo identificou a necessidade da ação diretiva do Estado no ensino superior particular para garantir a qualidade, porém com parâmetros que serão considerados no trabalho, além de corroborar a necessidade e a indispensabilidade da autonomia universitária no ensino e nas universidades, sejam elas públicas ou particulares

How do management control systems function when under pressure to mainstream gender equality into a core business? This question is being discussed with an interpretive approach from both the institutional and the gender perspective. Empirical evidence stems from two longitudinal case studies within the Swedish public sector where management by objectives (MBO) is the current model for governmental control. The analysis is based on four aspects: management by objectives, gender mainstreaming, the concept of loose coupling from organization studies and institutional change as translation. The gender perspective highlights constructions that tend to enable or to hamper gender equality. The sociological institutional perspective sheds light over rules, norms and culture. In the empirical cases, it becomes evident that formal goals within MBO proved unable to overrule prevailing norms that have grounded a well established gendered (malestream) culture.  Control systems are designed to handle new issues; however, in the cases studied, this took place merely normatively and in line with the core business, not by changing the grounds on which the control system stands. The MBO model consequently lacks the ability to integrate gender in a transformative mode.

This study investigated the use and management of electronic mail (email) in Zimbabwe’s central government. Employing a mixed method research approach, the study used a pluralist ontological paradigm and a pragmatic epistemological paradigm within the convergent mixed methods research design. Quantitative responses from questionnaires were corroborated by qualitative findings from semi-structured interviews, personal observation and document reviews. The study was restricted to Zimbabwe’s central government, focusing on head offices of 22 government ministries situated in Zimbabwe’s capital city of Harare. The population of the study was 670. The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown imposed in Zimbabwe as from 30 March 2020 negatively affected data collection as some targeted respondents could not be accessed as the researcher had initially planned, leading to an overall response rate of 37.3%. Nonetheless, 12 out of 22 government ministries participated in the study. Quantitative data were analysed using Microsoft Excel 2010® and descriptive statistics while qualitative data were analysed thematically using Atlas.ti®. The study conformed to ethical standards of research as espoused in the University of South Africa’s ethical review guidelines. The study revealed that due to the adoption of electronic government and the inherent relative advantages of email, among other factors, there was increase in use of email as an official record in Zimbabwe’s central government. Nonetheless, management of email was still in its nascent stages and was largely poorly articulated. Poor email classification, filing, appraisal, security, preservation and disposal were largely traceable to deficiencies in legal, policy and procedural frameworks as well as skills and information and communication technology infrastructural challenges. These in turn triggered email retrieval, access, preservation and authenticity challenges. This study was a first local research to address both the use and management of email in a single study and one which proposed a framework for the effective use and management of email where a call was made to match increase in use of email with increase in professional management of the same. The proposed framework may go a long way in influencing proper and professional use and management of email in Zimbabwe’s central government and similar organisations. / Information Science / D. Phil. (Information Science)