This thesis deals with debt management carried out in the Czech Republic. Financial instruments (treasury bills, treasury bonds) which are used to manage state debt are described. Analysis for the Czech Republic encompasses period between years 1993 and 2008. It also contains comparison of debt management with selected OECD countries.

MPM / Oliver Tambo Institute of Governance and Policy Studies

近年來就國際情形而言，自美國九一一恐怖攻擊事件以來國際恐怖份子揚言對以美國為首之西方國家及支持美國打擊恐怖主義之世界各國展開恐怖攻擊，我國亦不例外；及我國的民主開始起飛，社會充滿活力與生命力，政治、經濟等環境變化極為快速，社會日趨開放，人民自由民主意識高漲，尤其自民國八十五年第九任總統、副總統直接民選後，各項社會民生、政治議題衝擊社會，而為全國政治核心及政治菁英聚集之所在的中央機關，亦成為民眾陳情請願及抗爭等活動匯集之場所，也成為眾所矚目之焦點。由此吾人可明確瞭解，當前中央政府機關遭受驚擾、危害之可能性已是來自於國內、外各種難以事先預知之原因。政府機關安全維護任務執行之良窳，不僅攸關機關之安全亦包括政府首長之人身安全，對於政策之制定、推動與執行，乃至國家政局之穩定均有重大的影響，所以如何維護國家機關的安全，確保中央政府能正常運行，確實是當前極為重要之國家安全問題。因此筆者希望藉此研究探討擔任政府機關安全警衛人員之工作壓力、工作滿足與離職傾向之情形，並以實際從事執行中央政府機關安全維護警衛人員為研究對象，運用問卷調查之研究方法進行實證研究，本研究實證研究結果如下： 一、工作壓力不會因性別、年齡、教育程度、婚姻狀況的不同而有顯 著差異存在，僅「職務身分」、「服務年資」二項有顯著差異存在。 二、工作滿足會因性別、年齡、職務身分、教育程度、服務年資、婚姻狀況的不同而有顯著差異存在。 三、離職傾向會因年齡、教育程度、服務年資、婚姻狀況的不同而有顯著差異存在，僅「性別」、「職務身分」二項無顯著差異存在。 四、工作壓力與離職傾向有低度正相關存在，工作壓力越大，離職傾向越高。 五、工作滿足與離職傾向有中度負相關存在，工作滿足越高，離職傾向越低。 / According to the international situation in recent years, terrorists claim that they are going to attack the western countries which support the United States of America to counter terrorism since 9-11, even Taiwan can not be neutral in the war. Taiwan’s democracy just start to grow up, our society is full of energy and vitality, politics and economics change rapidly, the society is much more open day by day and people’s consciousness of free and democracy is much higher than before. Especially after the 9th president election on 1996, all the discussion of living and politics are rampant in our society. The central government organizations where are the nucleus of our politics and the converging place of political elites become the popular objects for people to present a petition and protest ,they also become the hot point of spotlights. So we can understand clearly that the possibilities of disturbing and harming our government are high because indigenous or for issues that we cannot predict in advance. Executing security mission of government, to protect government safety and senior officers safety has strong effect in making, setting, executing the national police and keeping the steady of country’s political situation. How to maintain the safety of government to ensure that government can work normally is extremely important. This study is to probe the work pressure, job satisfaction, and turnover intention of security guard of government. It uses security guard of government as study objects and use survey to do research. The conclusions of the study are as the follows : 1. Work pressure has no obvious difference due to sex, age, level of education, marriage. Only job title and years of experience in serving government have obvious difference. 2. Job satisfaction has obvious difference due to sex, age, job title, level of education, years of experience in serving government, and marriage. 3. Turnover intention has obvious difference due to age, level of education, years of experience in serving government, and marriage. Only due to sex and job title, it has no obvious difference. 4. There is low obvious positive correlation between work pressure and turnover intention. People with higher degree of work pressure have higher degree of turnover intention. 5.There is middle obvious negative correlation between job satisfaction and turnover intention. People with higher degree of job satisfaction have lower degree of turnover intention.

Disputats. Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, 2001. / Haves kun i elektronisk udg.

The "Ethical standards of Public Administration" diploma thesis looks at the application of the Code of Ethics in central government administration and the civil service. The objective of the thesis is to evaluate the collected data, to determine the level of use of a single document, which addresses the ethical values within the administrative authorities, to identify problem areas and to propose possible solutions. The problem is defined and graphically displayed using a structured tree chart in the introductory part of the thesis. The next part of the thesis is dedicated to the subsequent identification of the problem and to the theoretical solutions, including the outline of a problem of applying ethical standards within the context of reform in government administration. This is followed by a brief description of the changes in the employment of civil servants in the government (public) administration authorities in neighbouring countries. The empirical part of the thesis is dedicated to an assessment of the research of the Code of Ethics implemented in individual government administration authorities and using interviews conducted with experts, the problem areas of implementing ethical standards are identified. By comparing current problems with theoretical starting points, solutions which...

Pour être reconnu « citoyens », les Vietnamiens ont dû subir de longues années de guerre. Une République socialiste indépendante est créée et s’est développée mais la vie des citoyens est toujours difficile en raison notamment de la gestion de l’État à l’égard d’une économie planifiée suivant le modèle bureaucratique. Surmonter ces difficultés et améliorer la vie des citoyens deviennent des tâches urgentes pour l’État vietnamien. Cela a conduit à l’ouverture de Đổi mới (Renouveau) en 1986. Cette réforme économique en faveur du développement de l’économie de marché exige celle de l’administration, notamment en matière des formalités administratives. Cependant, il faut attendre jusqu’en 2001 pour avoir un premier programme de réforme administrative qui est appliqué dans tout ensemble du pays.L’exécution de ces réformes a apporté plusieurs changements dans tous les domaines pour le Vietnam, l’économie s’est développée et le niveau de vie des citoyens est de plus en plus important. Cependant, les inconvénients et les obstacles demeurent. Les citoyens sont toujours mécontents de la lenteur, de la lourdeur et de l’inefficacité de l’administration. De plus, l’adhésion du Vietnam à l’Organisation mondiale du Commerce (OMC), son intégration économique sur le plan national et international, l’élargissement des nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication constituent des enjeux forts et nouveaux pour un pays en voie de développement. Ainsi, l’administration doit être plus démocratique, simplifiée, transparente, puissante, professionnelle, moderne et efficace, et favorisant la participation des citoyens à son action afin de mieux répondre à leur nouvelles attentes. / To be recognized as « citizens », Vietnamese people have had to under through years of war against foreign invaders. A socialist republic were created and developped, however its citizens have been always bearing difficulties caused the bureaucratic administration and a planned economy.Overcoming and improving citizen’s life standards become uttermost missions of the Government. These led to the Đổi mới (Renovation) in 1986 in Vietnam. The economic reform toward market economy required a similar reform in administrative mechanism, especially in administrative procedures. However, the first administrative reforms on national scale had not been started until 2001.These reforms have resulted in changes in all sectors in Vietnam, the economy develops and citizens’ life standard improved. Nevertheless, burdens and shortcomings are still there. Vietnam citizens are still dispointed by the slowness, heaviness and ineffectiveness of the administrative apparatus. Moreover, Vietnam’s accession to WTO, national and international economic integration, enhanced application of information technology are actually factors for development. Similarly, administration apparatus should be stronger, more democratic, simplified, transparent, professional, effective and modernized, so that it could promote citizen participation in its activities to meet their expectation.

Disabled people comprise seventeen per cent of all New Zealanders and face barriers to participation in community life. This research examines the ways in which two local authorities - Manukau City Council and Christchurch City Council - provide recreation opportunities for people with disabilities and how these local authorities implement national legislation, policies and strategies which bear upon the provision of recreation services for the disabled. To achieve these aims, a comparative method which uses primary (interview) and secondary (documentary) data, is adopted. Central government plays an important role in the provision of recreation to communities, including the disabled community. It develops legislation, strategies and policies that guide the provision of recreation services for people with disabilities at a local level. Local authorities provide ‘spaces’ for recreation including parks, waterways and facilities, as part of their wider services and programmes. Their services respond to broader, including national, concerns, but also reflect local priorities and needs, including those of other ‘special’ populations. The results of this research indicate that Manukau and Christchurch Cities consult the disabled community and its representatives and address the specific needs of this community. Both local authorities have policies which outline how disability issues will be addressed; a disability-specific position which acts as an “internal advocate” for the disabled community; and a reference group made up of members of the disabled community. In the case of Christchurch City Council, the “KiwiAble” programme, “KiwiAble Recreation Network”, “KiwiAble Leisure Card” and Inclusive Communities Coordinator are all disability-specific mechanisms that focus on the recreational needs of the disabled community. However, only one policy in these two cities - the Manukau City Council Disability Policy and Action Plan – draws explicit links to a national strategy. On the basis of these results, a number of recommendations are made for future research and local authority action. It is hoped that the current study will provide practical advice and examples which local authorities can adopt, to further enhance recreational provisions for people with disabilities.

Submitted by CELSO FLORÊNCIO DE SOUZA (celso.florencio@jacarei.sp.gov.br) on 2017-09-29T11:19:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CELSO FLORÊNCIO DE SOUZA - Completo.pdf: 2485152 bytes, checksum: fc3620179ebb52d47c4c099d412a5f50 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2017-10-03T18:50:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CELSO FLORÊNCIO DE SOUZA - Completo.pdf: 2485152 bytes, checksum: fc3620179ebb52d47c4c099d412a5f50 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-16T12:27:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CELSO FLORÊNCIO DE SOUZA - Completo.pdf: 2485152 bytes, checksum: fc3620179ebb52d47c4c099d412a5f50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-29 / This thesis follows the three-article model, having as its background power relations within the federations. The first article talks to the literature on federalism from the perspective of vertical power relations, with a view to understanding the relations between various levels of power. Although there is already a large body of literature on the theme, the theoretical gap of the first article consists of power rearrangements (centralization and decentralization), considering all players and not just this relation between central government and subnational governments. The second article is a reflection on horizontal power relations at the state level, with the following guiding question: “What are the causal conditions that lead some states to have increased political power before their peers?” To do this, two empirical cases of great representativeness were selected: Brazil and the United States of America (USA), analyzed since their independence having the path dependence literature as a basis, considering only causal conditions at the macro level. The third article is also inserted in the horizontal power relations, nevertheless, its analysis field consists in the Brazilian municipalities. The latter have great contemporary relevance, due to their key role in the execution of public policies. / Esta tese segue o modelo de três artigos, tendo como plano de fundo as relações de poder dentro das federações. O primeiro artigo dialoga com a literatura acerca do federalismo pela ótica das relações verticais de poder, com vistas a compreender as relações entre diferentes níveis de poder. Embora já exista ampla literatura relativa ao tema, a lacuna teórica do primeiro artigo consiste nos rearranjos de poder (centralização e descentralização), considerando todos os atores e não apenas essa relação entre governo central e governos subnacionais. O segundo artigo constitui uma reflexão sobre as relações horizontais de poder no plano estadual, com a seguinte questão norteadora: “Quais são as condições causais que levam alguns estados a ter um aumento de poder político perante seus pares?”. Para tanto, foram selecionados dois casos empíricos de grande representatividade: Brasil e Estados Unidos da América (EUA), analisados desde sua independência com base na literatura de rota dependência, considerando apenas condições causais no nível macro. O terceiro artigo também está inserido nas relações horizontais de poder, no entanto, seu campo de análise consiste nos municípios brasileiros. Estes apresentam grande relevância contemporânea, devido ao seu papel fundamental na execução de políticas públicas.

Molti studi hanno evidenziato come le riforme legate al NPM abbiano favorito l’adozione di logiche di mercato nelle amministrazioni pubbliche, basate sul rafforzamento dell’efficienza e dell’efficacia, e l’introduzione di innovazioni manageriali nell’erogazione dei servizi pubblici. In ciò, i meccanismi contabili pubblici hanno giocato un ruolo importante. Alcuni hanno enfatizzato che sono poche le evidenze sulla relazione tra logiche di NPM e maggiore performance, sottolineando che l’efficienza e l’orientamento ai risultati non sono sufficienti a evitare le conseguenze di shock. Altri affermano che le recenti misure di austerity hanno portato ad un rinnovato interesse sia in approcci di tipo privatistico, che a logiche neo-weberiane, ma sono anche emersi nuovi paradigmi. Date queste considerazioni, la mia ricerca mira a contribuire (i) alla letteratura di pubblica amministrazione e a quella di financial management investigando come le risposte organizzative a eventi negativi sono legate alle precedenti strategie finanziarie e condizioni e capacità organizzative, e come la resilienza organizzativa sia influenzata da condizioni interne ed esterne; (ii) alla letteratura di public sector accounting, esplorando come l’accounting inficia sulle relazioni tra stato ed enti locali nell’ambito delle politiche di austerity, e le relative conseguenze su come i servizi pubblici sono organizzati, erogati e a chi. / Many studies have emphasized how NPM reforms have led to the adoption of market logics within public sector organizations, based on enhancing efficiency and effectiveness, and to the introduction of managerial innovations to public service delivery. In this, public accounting mechanisms have played a relevant role. Some have emphasized that there are scant evidences of the relation between NPM logics and increased performance, with “efficiency” and “result-orientation” being not sufficient to avoid the consequences of shocks. Others claim that the recent austerity measures has led to a renewed interest on both private-like approaches and neo-weberian logics, but also to the emergence of post-NPM paradigms. Based on these considerations, my research aims (i) to contribute to public administration and public sector financial management literature by investigating how organizational responses to negative events are rooted in past financial strategies and organizational conditions and capacities, and how organizational resilience is affected both by internal and external conditions; (ii) to contribute to public sector accounting literature by exploring how accounting is implicated in the (re)shaping of the relationship between central and local governments under the emergence of austerity policies, and how this affects how public services are organized, provided, and to whom.

This diploma thesis deals with the area of further education of civil servants at the level of the central government and its aim is to critically evaluate further education at selected departments in connection with the introduction of Act No. 234/2014 Coll., which came into force on the 1st January 2015. The thesis describes how the Civil Service Act influences the further education of central government officials, it outlines the key issues that are related to the education of central government officials and shows what are the problems that central government officials encounter in the field of further education. The research project is the case study, which included public policy documents related to the topic of further education and data collected through in-depth interviews with ten officials of two selected departments and two representatives of the human resources department, was used. Based on the thematic analysis, key issues of further education of central government officials were identified: educational needs, meeting educational needs, sources of information retrieval, and a official exam. Problems encountered by central government officials in the field of further education are part of these issues.