Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-06T14:12:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Viviany Teixeira do Nascimento.pdf: 1506857 bytes, checksum: 50abde6fa895133027591ef7bfa968e7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-06T14:12:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Viviany Teixeira do Nascimento.pdf: 1506857 bytes, checksum: 50abde6fa895133027591ef7bfa968e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-06 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / In the Northeastern of Brazil, fences play an important role on protection for both farming and water reservoirs. In the spite of this, the subject is still little investigated about management forms, abundance, density and distribution of the plant which compose then and, mainly the impact that wood extraction for construction does in the caatinga vegetation. This work aimed to identity the species used for fences construction in a rural community in the municipality of Caruaru (Northeastern, Brazil), and to recognize local typology, use and management forms. In each household unity, there were measure 50m of fence which were numbered, and there were taken diameter an heigh measures for every plant element from its composition. Additionally, there were conduced semi-structured interviews with the maintainers in order to obtain information about fences use and management. Finally, it was sought to valuate local knowledge according to different quantitative techniques: Frequency (Fsp), total diversity (SDtotal), equitability (SEtotal), informant consensus value (UCs) and importance value (IVs). In 2500m of fence, there were found 4953 individuals and were identified 51 species, most of them belonging to dead stakes category. The interviewed recognized the advantages offered by the living fences and they often use products taken from them as firewood, charcoal, fruits, medicines and stakes for the construction of other fences. Considering that most of the preferred species are native and parcially taken from the fragment of local vegetation, it is necessary to encourage in the community the use of practices which can decrease the impact on native vegetation of the area. / No interior do Nordeste brasileiro, no âmbito das propriedades rurais, as cercas desempenham importante papel na proteção, tanto da lavoura quanto dos reservatórios de água. Apesar disso, este assunto ainda é pouco investigado quanto à forma de manejo, abundância, densidade e distribuição das plantas que as compõem e, principalmente, ao impacto que a retirada de madeira para a sua construção provoca na vegetação da caatinga. Este trabalho objetivou identificar as espécies usadas para a construção de cercas numa comunidade rural no município de Caruaru (Nordeste do Brasil), reconhecer as tipologias locais, as formas de uso e de manejo e contribuir para uma visão local de sustentabilidade deste tipo de exploração. Em cada unidade habitacional, foram medidos 50m de cerca, contabilizados e tomadas medidas de diâmetro e altura de cada elemento vegetal de sua composição. Adicionalmente, realizou-se entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os mantenedores para a obtenção de informações sobre o uso e manejo das cercas. Por fim, buscou-se avaliar o conhecimento local com base em diferentes técnicas quantitativas: freqüência (Fsp); diversidade total (SDTotal); equitabilidade (SETotal); valor de consenso de informante (Ucs) e valor de importância (Ivs). Em 2500m de cerca, foram encontrados 4953 indivíduos e identificadas 51 espécies, a maior parte pertencente à categoria estacas mortas. Os entrevistados reconheceram as vantagens oferecidas pelas cercas vivas e ocasionalmente fazem uso de produtos retirados delas como lenha, carvão, frutos, remédios caseiros e estacas para construção de outras cercas. Considerando que a maioria das espécies preferidas para a construção são nativas e em parte retiradas do fragmento de vegetação local, se faz necessário incentivar a comunidade o uso de práticas que possam diminuir o impacto sobre a vegetação nativa da área.

Orientador: Luzia Aparecida Trinca / Resumo: Em problemas de regressão, na busca por um modelo parcimonioso, o pesquisador pode se deparar com adversidades, por exemplo, a existência de colinearidade entre as regressoras, dificultando a seleção de variáveis. Dessa forma, com a implementação de ferramentas inspiradas nas propostas de Murray et al. (2013), Muller & Welsh (2010) e Jiang et al. (2009) no pacote mplot (Tarr et al., 2018) no software R, pode-se, gráfica e interativamente, estudar em detalhes a estabilidade e a importância de inclusão de covariáveis para a construção de modelos. Neste trabalho, medidas de estabilidade e probabilidade de inclusão de variáveis foram obtidas pelo método bootstrap. Medidas resumo de qualidade do ajuste são baseadas no critério de informação generalizado, que incorpora, como casos particulares, os critérios de informação de Akaike e o Bayesiano, e reflete a perda (associada ao ajuste de um modelo simplificado) mais uma penalização à complexidade do modelo. Ao aplicar a teoria de seleção de variáveis, utilizando as ferramentas gráficas no ajuste de um modelo de regressão linear Normal e regressão Binomial, foi possível reconhecer seu potencial e utilidade no processo de formulação de modelos, no qual a incorporação de conhecimento do especialista da área pode ser feita de maneira natural, já que o processo não é automático. Isso é mais um diferencial em relação aos métodos usuais de seleção de variáveis que também foram aplicados aos mesmos conjuntos de dados para efeito de discussã... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In regression analysis, the search of a parsimonious model can be difficult due to collinearities among variables and other problems. Murray et al. (2013), Muller & Welsh (2010) e Jiang et al. (2009) proposed tools for model stability and variable inclusion plots that were re ned and implemented in the mplot package of Tarr et al. (2018), which allows interactive graphs and summaries of information relevant to model building. Stability measures and the probability of variable inclusion are obtained through bootstrapping. Goodness of fit measures are based on the generalized information criterion, which includes as particular cases the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria, given by a measure of loss of the fit and a penalization due to model complexity. Applying the method to t a Normal linear regression and a Binomial regression revealed its great potential and usefulness for model building, allowing expertise knowledge to be incorporated since the selection model is not automated. This is a further contrast to the usual selection methods which were also applied to the same datasets in order to discuss the differences. / Mestre

No description available.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-19T11:17:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Tiago de Andrade Chaves.pdf: 554789 bytes, checksum: 8b331ddf709ed404e7783dcae1b07269 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-19T11:17:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Tiago de Andrade Chaves.pdf: 554789 bytes, checksum: 8b331ddf709ed404e7783dcae1b07269 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-25 / In rural areas the native forest fragments and the presence of the tree element can provide many ecosystem services to the population and the productive system. However, due to the small size of the properties of small producers in the state of Rio de Janeiro, linked to the fear of losing production areas with the introduction of trees not always this element is part of the system. One of the strategies found for the introduction of tree species in production systems is the use of it as a hedge. The objective of this study was to test the cutting propagation of multifunctional forest species with potential for use as a living fence. It was assessed that the best position in the branch, apex or base and the use of nut grass extract in the rooting of cuttings of Schinus terebinthifolius, Gliricidia sepium, Croton urucurana, Trema micranta, Pouteria caimito and Casearia sylvestris. The vegetative propagules were immersed in distilled water or immersed in solution extract of C. rotundus tubers. We evaluated the number and size of buds, budding rate, shoot dry weight, rooting rate, root number, size of the largest root, root dry weight and survival rate. The species G. sepium, S. terebinthifolius and T. micranta presented rooting rate of 17.5%, 7.5% and 2.5%, respectively. The other did not send roots. As for the position in the branch, only 5% of apical cuttings of S. terebinthifolius issued roots. The highest rates were found budding in S. terebinthifolius (47.5%), G. sepium (27.5%), C. sylvestris (22.5%) and T. micranta (2.5%). The use of C. rotundus extract showed significant difference in the number of shoots of basal cuttings of G. sepium, but had no effect on rooting. Only G. sepium showed potential for reproduction by cuttings. The use of cuttings obtained from the base of the branches were more efficient in propagation of forest species. The use of fitoregulador not influenced rooting, however, showed potential in boosting the number of shoots in basal cuttings of G. sepium / Na ?rea rural os fragmentos de mata nativa e a presen?a do elemento arb?reo podem fornecer diversos servi?os ecossist?micos ? popula??o e ao sistema produtivo. Por?m, em consequ?ncia ao reduzido tamanho das propriedades dos pequenos produtores do estado do Rio de Janeiro, associado ao receio de perder ?reas de produ??o com a introdu??o das ?rvores, nem sempre este elemento faz parte do sistema produtivo. Uma das estrat?gias encontradas para agregar esp?cies arb?reas aos sistemas produtivos ? o uso das mesmas como cerca viva. O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a propaga??o por estaquia de esp?cies florestais multifuncionais com potencial para uso como cerca viva. Foi avaliada qual a melhor posi??o do ramo, ?pice ou base e o uso do extrato de Cyperus rotundus sobre o enraizamento das estacas de Schinus terebinthifolius, Gliric?dia sepium, Croton urucurana, Trema micranta, Pouteria caimito e Casearia sylvestris. Os prop?gulos vegetativos foram imersos em ?gua destilada ou imersos em solu??o com 50% de ?gua destilada e 50 % de extrato de tub?rculos de C. rotundus. Foram avaliados o n?mero e tamanho dos brotos, taxa de brota??o, mat?ria seca de parte a?rea, taxa de enraizamento, n?mero de ra?zes prim?rias, tamanho da maior raiz, mat?ria seca de raiz e taxa de sobreviv?ncia. As esp?cies G. sepium, S. terebinthifolius e T. micranta apresentaram taxa de enraizamento de 17,5%, 7,5% e 2,5%, respectivamente. As demais n?o emitiram ra?zes. Quanto ? posi??o no ramo, somente 5% das estacas apicais de S. terebinthifolius emitiram ra?zes. As maiores taxas de brota??o foram encontradas em S. terebinthifolius (47,5%), G. sepium (27,5%), C. sylvestris (22,5%) e T. micranta (2,5 %). O uso do extrato de C. rotundus mostrou diferen?a significativa no n?mero de brotos das estacas basais de G. sepium, mas n?o apresentou influ?ncia no enraizamento. Nas condi??es avaliadas apenas a G. sepium apresentou potencial para a reprodu??o por estaquia. O uso de estacas obtidas a partir da base dos ramos mostraram-se mais eficientes na propaga??o das esp?cies florestais. O uso do fitoregulador n?o influenciou o enraizamento, no entanto, mostrou potencial no est?mulo do n?mero de brota??es nas estacas basais de G. sepium

This thesis proposes that a defining feature of Pirandello???s 1921 play ??? Six Characters in Search of an Author, is a relentless transcendentalism. It argues that the play embodies a fascination with existential and conceptual ???occult???, and my hypothesis is that by exploring Pirandello's transcendentalism we may enhance our understanding of how and why Pirandello's play points a mirror up to the invisible and suggests that we could be a reflection of that. Pirandello's drama alludes to some of the most convoluted and enduring debates in western philosophy. However, there is very little English-language material on Pirandello???s relation to philosophy or the relevance of analytical philosophy, metaphysics or epistemology to Pirandello???s playwriting. Even foreign-language studies focus on existentialism, phenomenology and other Continental traditions of philosophy. My contribution is to craft a subjective response to Six Characters in accordance with the methods of analytical philosophy, making use of paradigms and techniques that stem from aesthetics and metaphysics to elucidate a complex self-reflexive play. Chapter One presents analytical philosophy as a potential interpretative framework for the play, whereas chapters two and three explore the metacharacters specifically. This thesis does not seek to offer conclusive assertions about the peculiar ontological status of Pirandello???s metacharacters, rather, it introduces some frameworks and conceptual tools for better approaching their ontolo

This thesis proposes that a defining feature of Pirandello???s 1921 play ??? Six Characters in Search of an Author, is a relentless transcendentalism. It argues that the play embodies a fascination with existential and conceptual ???occult???, and my hypothesis is that by exploring Pirandello's transcendentalism we may enhance our understanding of how and why Pirandello's play points a mirror up to the invisible and suggests that we could be a reflection of that. Pirandello's drama alludes to some of the most convoluted and enduring debates in western philosophy. However, there is very little English-language material on Pirandello???s relation to philosophy or the relevance of analytical philosophy, metaphysics or epistemology to Pirandello???s playwriting. Even foreign-language studies focus on existentialism, phenomenology and other Continental traditions of philosophy. My contribution is to craft a subjective response to Six Characters in accordance with the methods of analytical philosophy, making use of paradigms and techniques that stem from aesthetics and metaphysics to elucidate a complex self-reflexive play. Chapter One presents analytical philosophy as a potential interpretative framework for the play, whereas chapters two and three explore the metacharacters specifically. This thesis does not seek to offer conclusive assertions about the peculiar ontological status of Pirandello???s metacharacters, rather, it introduces some frameworks and conceptual tools for better approaching their ontolo

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-04-01T18:46:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Remor Oliveira.pdf: 1506777 bytes, checksum: 76d619ec9477e0e9b6a1122304ecb94b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-01T18:46:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Remor Oliveira.pdf: 1506777 bytes, checksum: 76d619ec9477e0e9b6a1122304ecb94b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-31 / Sawluz Informática / O transporte de carregamentos representa a maior parcela dos custos logísticos na maioria das empresas. Sendo assim, muitas delas estão investindo em sistemas de monitoramento e rastreamento com o objetivo de melhorar os serviços, reduzir perdas e garantir maior segurança no transporte de carregamentos. Esta dissertação apresenta o SafeTrack, um modelo para rastreamento e monitoramento logístico focado em fornecer segurança durante a distribuição de carregamentos, a fim de identificar em tempo real possíveis roubos de veículos e de cargas transportadas. Através do SafeTrack, empresas de transporte podem rastrear e obter informações em tempo real sobre seus carregamentos. O SafeTrack apresenta um gerenciamento de viagens automático para inicializar e finalizar viagens sem necessitar a interação do usuário. Além disso, fornece um mecanismo para monitorar a ocorrência de desvios de rotas planejadas e erros durante entregas e coletas de carregamentos, enviando notificações de alarmes aos responsáveis através de dispositivos móveis. Para construir esse mecanismo, foram estudados conceitos de cerca eletrônica e técnicas existentes para preparar duas soluções que possibilitam descobrir, continuamente, a ocorrência de desvios em rotas planejadas. As soluções propostas foram comparadas e discutidas. Um componente denominado SafeDuíno foi desenvolvido visando realizar o controle de entradas e saídas de carregamentos no veículo. A decisão sobre a ocorrência de inconsistências durante o fluxo logístico é realizada através da fusão de informações de contextos, obtidas através do SafeDuíno e de um dispositivo móvel. As informações utilizadas são: evento de entrada/saída do carregamento, data e horário da ocorrência, código do carregamento e coordenadas GPS no momento do evento. Uma avaliação funcional também foi realizada, na qual um cenário de teste foi executado vinte vezes, mostrando que o modelo proposto possui uma boa taxa de eficiência. Além disso, foi realizada uma análise de impacto sobre a precisão GPS e consumo de energia nos dispositivos móveis utilizados. Após os testes, o modelo proposto demonstrou ser estável e confiável para realizar o monitoramento de carregamentos. / The cargo transport represents the largest share of logistics costs in most companies. Thus, companies are investing in monitoring and tracking systems aiming at improving services, reducing costs and ensuring the safety in cargos transports. This dissertation presents the SafeTrack, a model for logistics tracking and monitoring focused on safety during the distribution of cargo. The proposed model identify in real time possible thefts of carrier vehicles and cargo carried. Furthermore, it allows transport companies to track and to get realtime information about carrier vehicles and cargo. The SafeTrack presents an automatic travel management to initialize and finalize travels without requiring user interaction. Furthermore, it provides a mechanism to monitor detours in planned routes and to send alarms notification through mobile devices. To build that mechanism were studied Geofence concept and existing techniques to prepare two solutions that enable discover continuously the occurrence of deviations of planned routes. Those solutions were compared and discussed. A component named SafeDuíno was developed to make the control of inputs and outputs of cargo on the vehicle. The decision on the occurrence of inconsistencies during the logistic flow is performed through the fusion of contexts information obtained from SafeDuíno and a mobile device. The information used are: event of input / output load, date and time of the occurrence, EPC code of load and GPS coordinates at the time of the event. A functional evaluation was also performed, in which a test scene was executed twenty times, showing that the proposed model has a good efficiency rate. In addition, we provide an impact analysis regarding GPS precision and battery power consumption. After the tests, we concluded that the proposed model generates a reliable system for tracking vehicles.

Researchers from both academia and industry agree that future CMPs will accommodate large shared on-chip last-level caches. However, the exponential increase in multicore processor cache sizes accompanied by growing on-chip wire delays make it difficult to implement traditional caches with a single, uniform access latency. Non-Uniform Cache Access (NUCA) designs have been proposed to address this situation. A NUCA cache divides the whole cache memory into smaller banks that are distributed along the chip and can be accessed independently. Response time in NUCA caches does not only depend on the latency of the actual bank, but also on the time required to reach the bank that has the requested data and to send it to the core. So, the NUCA cache allows those banks that are located next to the cores to have lower access latencies than the banks that are further away, thus mitigating the effects of the cache’s internal wires. These cache architectures have been traditionally classified based on their placement decisions as static (S-NUCA) or dynamic (DNUCA). In this thesis, we have focused on D-NUCA as it exploits the dynamic features that NUCA caches offer, like data migration. The flexibility that D-NUCA provides, however, raises new challenges that hardens the management of this kind of cache architectures in CMP systems. We have identified these new challenges and tackled them from the point of view of the four NUCA policies: replacement, access, placement and migration. First, we focus on the challenges introduced by the replacement policy in D-NUCA. Data migration makes most frequently accessed data blocks to be concentrated on the banks that are closer to the processors. This creates big differences in the average usage rate of the NUCA banks, being the banks that are close to the processors the most accessed banks, while the banks that are further away are not accessed so often. Upon a replacement in a particular bank of the NUCA cache, the probabilities of the evicted data block to be reused by the program will differ if its last location in the NUCA cache was a bank that are close to the processors, or not. The decentralized nature of NUCA, however, prevents a NUCA bank from knowing that other bank is constantly evicting data blocks that are later being reused. We propose three different techniques to dealwith the replacement policy, being The Auction the most successful one. Then, we deal with the challenges in the access policy. As data blocks can be mapped in multiple banks within the NUCA cache. Finding the requesting data in a D-NUCA cache is a difficult task. In addition, data can freely move between these banks, thus the search scheme must look up all banks where the requesting data block can be mapped to ascertain if it is in the NUCA cache, or not. We have proposed HK-NUCA. This is a search scheme that uses home knowledge to effectively reduce the average number of messages introduced to the on-chip network to satisfy a memory request. With regard to the placement policy, this thesis shows the implementation of a hybrid NUCA cache. We have proposed a novel placement policy that accomodates both memory technologies, SRAM and eDRAM, in a single NUCA cache. Finally, in order to deal with the migration policy in D-NUCA caches, we propose The Migration Prefetcher. This is a technique that anticipates data migrations. Summarizing, in this thesis we propose different techniques to efficiently manage future D-NUCA cache architectures on CMPs. We demonstrate the effectivity of our techniques to deal with the challenges introduced by D-NUCA caches. Our techniques outperform existing solutions in the literature, and are in most cases more energy efficient. / CMPs actuales integran memorias cache de último nivel cada vez más grandes dentro del chip. Roadmaps en la industria y trabajos en ámbito académico muestran que esta tendencia seguirá en los próximos años. Sin embargo, los altos retrasos en la red de interconexión y el cableado hace que sea cada vez más difícil de implementar memorias cachés tradicionales con una única y uniforme latencia de acceso. Para solventar esta situación aparecieron los diseños NUCA (Non-Uniform Cache Access). Una caché de tipo NUCA divide una memoria grande en bloques más pequeños que se distribuyen a lo largo del chip y pueden ser accedidos de manera independiente. De esta manera el tiempo de respuesta en una caché NUCA no depende sólo de la latencia de un banco, sino que también se tiene en cuenta el tiempo de enrutamiento de la petición hasta y desde el banco de la NUCA que responde. La posición física de un banco en el chip es clave para determinar la latencia de acceso a NUCA, entonces bancos que se encuentren más cerca de los cores tendrán menores latencias de acceso que otros que estén más alejados. Las cachés NUCA se pueden clasificar como estáticas (S-NUCA) o dinámicas (D-NUCA), basándonos en sus decisiones de emplazamiento. Esta tesis se centra en D-NUCA. Este diseño permite a un dato migrar de banco en banco a fín de reducir la latencia de futuros accesos a ese dato, pero también ofrece otros retos que deben ser investigados para gestionar estas cachés de manera eficiente. Hemos identificado y explorado estos retos desde el punto de vista de las cuatro políticas NUCA: reemplazo, acceso, emplazamiento y migración. En primer lugar nos hemos centrado en la política de reemplazo. La migración de datos permite que los datos que se utilizan más frequentemente se concentren en aquellos bancos que estan más cerca de los cores. Ésto crea grandes diferencias en el uso medio de los bancos en NUCA, siendo los bancos cercanos a los cores los más accedidos, mientras que los bancos lejanos no se acceden tan a menudo. Debido a las diferencias en la frequencia de reemplazos entre bancos, las probabilidades de que el dato expulsado sea reusado en un futuro crecerán o disminuirán dependiendo del banco donde se efectuó el reemplazo. Por otro lado, los trabajos previos en la política de reemplazo no son efectivos en este tipo de cachés ya que los bancos trabajan de manera independiente. Nosotros proponemos tres técnicas de reemplazo para NUCA, siendo The Auction la técnica con mayor beneficio. En cuanto a los retos con la política de acceso, como los datos se pueden mapear en diversos bancos dentro de la caché NUCA, encontrarlos se convierte en una tarea complicada y costosa. Aquí, nosotros proponemos HK-NUCA. Es un algoritmo de acceso que usa el conocimiento integrado en los bancos "home" para reducir de manera eficiente el número medio de accesos necesarios para resolver una petición de memoria. Para analizar la política de emplazamiento, esta tesis muestra la implementación de una caché NUCA híbrida. Nuestra política de emplazamiento permite integrar ambas tecnologías, SRAM y eDRAM, en un único nivel de cache NUCA. Finalmente, en cuanto a la migración en D-NUCA, hemos propuesto The Migration Prefetcher. Es una técnica que permite anticipar migraciones de datos usando el conocimiento adquirido por el historial de accesos. En resumen, esta tesis propone diferentes técnicas para gestionar de manera eficiente las futuras arquitecturas de memoria caché D-NUCA en un entorno CMP. A lo largo de la tesis, demostramos la efectividad de las técnicas propuestas para paliar los efectos inducidos por el hecho de utilizar cachés D-NUCA. Estas técnicas, además de obtener mayor rendimiento que otros mecanismos existentes en la literatura, son en muchos casos más eficientes en términos de energía.

En la presente tesis analizo la novela Tan cerca de la vida (2010) de Santiago Roncagliolo. La importancia de la tesis radica en el aporte al estudio de la literatura de ciencia ficción en el Perú, género poco estudiado por la crítica. Mi objetivo es demostrar, con ayuda de la teoría psicoanalítica, de qué manera se definen lo humano y lo no humano en el texto. Mi hipótesis es la siguiente: la novela define lo humano en base a la angustia, sentimiento que caracteriza a Max, el personaje principal. El marco teórico es multidisciplinario. Partiré de los conceptos de Fredric Jameson para analizar el tema utópico en la novela. La metodología que empleo se basa en el análisis profundo de la novela, dentro de la tradición de la ciencia ficción, especialmente la de la utopía que deviene distopía. A partir del personaje Max, analizo el motivo del doble y el complejo de Edipo, para explicar que la angustia es el sentimiento que individualiza y humaniza a Max. Finalmente, analizo la figura de la cíborg Mai y la función que cumple el amor en la trama de esta novela de ciencia ficción. Mi conclusión general radica en que el amor se plantea como salida a la angustia y la alienación del individuo.

Aquesta tesi tracta de cercadors d'audio basats en contingut. Específicament, tracta de desenvolupar tecnologies que permetin fer més estret l'interval semàntic o --semantic gap' que, a avui dia, limita l'ús massiu de motors de cerca basats en contingut. Els motors de cerca d'àudio fan servir metadades, en la gran majoria generada per editors, per a gestionar col.leccions d'àudio. Tot i ser una tasca àrdua i procliu a errors, l'anotació manual és la pràctica més habitual. Els mètodes basats en contingut àudio, és a dir, aquells algorismes que extreuen automàticament etiquetes descriptives de fitxers d'àudio, no són generalment suficientment madurs per a permetre una interacció semàntica. En la gran majoria, els mètodes basats en contingut treballen amb descriptors de baix nivell, mentre que els descriptors d'alt nivell estan més enllà de les possibilitats actuals. En la tesi explorem mètodes, que considerem pas previs per a atacar l'interval semàntic. / This dissertation is about audio content-based search. Specifically, it is on developing technologies for bridging the semantic gap that currently prevents wide-deployment of audio content-based search engines.Audio search engines rely on metadata, mostly human generated, to manage collections of audio assets.Even though time-consuming and error-prone, human labeling is a common practice.Audio content-based methods, algorithms that automatically extract description from audio files, are generally not mature enough to provide a user friendly representation for interacting with audio content. Mostly, content-based methods are based on low-level descriptions, while high-level or semantic descriptions are beyond current capabilities. In this thesis we explore technologies that can help close the semantic gap.