The history of aerial ropeways and cableways is reviewed. Aerial transport systems are classified according to their design differences. The construction and application of monocable and bicable ropeways are discussed. Cableways are separated into two systems- the tautline and slackline cableway. Their design and use are reviewed. The types of chair lift intermediate support tower are examined. Structural models of four types were built, strain gaged and tested. Experimental stresses are compared to theoretical prediction for each model subkected to external loads. The engineering problems involved in locating the intermediate towers of a chair lift are discussed. / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to identify the desired leadership characteristics of heads of schools as identified by school board chairs and heads of schools who are members of the Association of Christian Schools International (ACSI). This study is modeled after a Virginia Tech dissertation study of Virginia public school systems by Dr. Michael Thornton in 2009. Data were gathered from the heads of school and the board chairpersons to determine the similarities and differences between the two groups. Quantitative methodology was used in this study. A national sample of school board chairmen and heads of school from K-12 schools with 500 students or more and who are members of the Association of Christian Schools International (ACSI) were identified. Heads of school and school board chairpersons perceived visionary leader, team builder, effective school board relations and Christian school experience as essential leadership characteristics. Heads of school and school board chairpersons perceived that personal and professional integrity, honesty, and fairness and effective communication with board members, staff, parents, students, and the community is essential in head of school leadership. Heads of school and school board chairpersons believe that head of school-school board relations can have an impact on achieving and sustaining school-wide success. / Doctor of Education / The purpose of this study was to identify the desired leadership characteristics of heads of schools as identified by school board chairs and heads of schools who are members of the Association of Christian Schools International (ACSI). This study is modeled after a Virginia Tech dissertation study of Virginia public school systems by Dr. Michael Thornton in 2009. Data was gathered from the heads of school and the board chairpersons to determine the similarities and differences between the two groups. The head of school position in a Christian school equates to the superintendent position in a public school division. Board chairpersons are in the position as the leader of the school board. Heads of school and school board chairpersons perceived visionary leader, team builder, effective school board relations and Christian school experience as essential leadership characteristics. Heads of school and school board chairpersons perceived that personal and professional integrity, honesty, and fairness and effective communication with board members, staff, parents, students, and the community is essential in head of school leadership. Heads of school and school board chairpersons believe that head of school-school board relations can have an impact on achieving and sustaining school-wide success. This research will be important to those who desire to become a head of school and for school boards to recognize the characteristics needed for the position of head of school. It may be useful for graduate school programs in the training of persons seeking to become a head of school.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Bakgrund: Cerebral syrebrist är ett problem som kan ge katastrofala konsekvenser även hos friska individer. Patienter som skall genomgå axeloperation i beach-chair position är en patientgrupp som har högre risk att drabbas av cerebral syrebrist (CDE). CDE är dock svårt att detektera med konventionell intraoperativ övervakning.Syfte: Att undersöka förekomst av CDE hos sövda patienter som genomgår axelkirurgi i beach-chair position samt att identifiera de specifika riskfaktorer för CDE och åtgärder som anestesisjuksköterskan kan utföra för att reducera dessa.Metod: Deskriptiv litteraturstudie med systematisk ansats.Resultat: Incidensen av uppmätta CDE varierade i de olika studierna mellan 3 % och 80 %. Anestesisjuksköterskan kan minska risk för CDE genom att preoperativt bedöma riskfaktorer i patientens anamnes samt intraoperativt genom blodtrycksreglering, ventilationsförändring, kontroll av beach-chair position samt kontroll av huvudets position.Slutsats: Genom att anestesisjuksköterskan uppmärksammar specifika riskfaktorer i patientens anamnes samt utför intraoperativa åtgärder som syftar till att säkerställa adekvat blodtryck och optimal syresättning kan risken för CDE minska. Mätning av cerebral syresättning med NIRS rekommenderas som ett komplement för att detektera förekomst av CDE. / Background: Cerebral desaturation is a problem, which may result in catastrophic consequences even with healthy individuals. Patients who will undergo shoulder surgery in beach-chair position are at higher risk to be affected by cerebral desaturation events (CDE). However, CDE is hard to detect with conventional intraoperative surveillance.Purpose: To investigate incidence of CDE with anesthetized patients undergoing shoulder surgery in beach-chair position, and to identify the specific risk factors and measures the nurse anesthetist may perform to reduce those.Method: Descriptive literature review with systematic approach.Result: The incidence of measured CDE varied between 3% and 80% in the different studies. The nurse anesthetist may reduce the risk for CDE by preoperatively assess the risk factors in the medical history of the patient and intraoperatively by regulation of the blood pressure, changes in ventilation, control of beach-chair position and control of the patients head position.Conclusion: By paying attention to specific risk factors in the patients medical history and performing intraoperative measures to ensure adequate blood pressure and optimal saturation the risk for CDE may be lowered. Measuring cerebral saturation with NIRS technology is recommended as a complement to be able to detect incidence of CDE.

Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) remain the focus of research efforts as costs associated with these disorders range from 13 to 54 billion dollars annually. WMSDs associated with the back and neck compromise almost 27% of all reported WMSDs. Approximately 1/3 of visual display terminal (VDT) operators report back and neck pain annually (BLS, 1998). Physical risk factors of VDTs associated with low back and neck WMSDs include static work postures and workstation design. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of monitor height, chair type and their interaction on task performance, back/neck electromyography (EMG), perceived discomfort, and number of posture shifts. Both monitor height and chair type were assessed using two levels (high and low). Participants, four male and four female college age students, performed two data entry tasks using a standard keyboard and monitor and a fully adjustable bi-level table. In addition to the experimenter defined workstation configurations, participants were allowed to adjust their workstation to their preferred settings. Analysis of variance was performed to assess differences in task performance, perceived level of discomfort, number of posture shifts, and EMG data associated with various combinations of monitor height and chair type. Correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between participant's perceived discomfort and measured muscle activity to help determine if these two measurements could be used interchangeably to assess workstation design. No effect of workstation configuration (monitor height/chair type) was found for the majority of dependent variables. An exception was that configuration of low monitor, high chair, and their interaction generated significantly more muscle activity for the low back. User preferred settings were not found to differ significantly from those investigated with respect to muscle activity, perceived discomfort, posture shifts, and performance. Additionally, it was found the participants chose to position the iii workstation according to guidelines suggested in the literature for reducing WMSD discomfort. Task effects were found for performance, posture shifts, and perceived level of discomfort. Higher levels of performance and posture shifts for the neck were associated with the typing task, as opposed to the math task. Higher levels of neck discomfort, posture shifts of the feet and posture shifts of the back were associated with the math task. Correlation analysis provided evidence that perceived discomfort reported by participants and muscle activity for job tasks may not be related. Observed muscle activity for the tasks investigated in this study was low and in some instances, close to resting activity. Due to low levels of EMG, participants may not have been cognizant of their back and neck muscle activity, offering an explanation for why participants experience a cumulative effect of workstation design and seated postures, but linking particular causal factors to the development of LBP and NP is difficult. The findings of this study suggest that there are no gross physical differences between the chair types or monitor heights as defined in this study. Other factors (such as user preferences, job task demands, specific chair parameters, etc.) may significantly effect chair selection. This study found that task was a significant effect for the majority of dependent variables, and therefore may need to be a major factor driving workstation design. Workstation configuration will help determine the type of static posture assumed at a workstation, but the "discomfort or number of posture shifts" associated with that workstation and posture might be more a result of the job task requirements. / Master of Science

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

The purpose of this study was to investigate demographic variables and doctoral coursework of music department chairs from NASM-accredited programs and compare these to administrative preparation. The researcher used a questionnaire that assessed administrative preparation on a Likert scale from Very Unprepared to Very Prepared. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests. The participants were 408 music department chairs who held at least one doctoral degree and who served in U. S. colleges and universities with NASM-accredited departments. The average administrator was a male "department chair," aged 51, who had not planned on becoming an administrator. He had been in his present position between one and five years and had been selected because of his administrative skills; he had participated in at least one administrative development workshop. The majority had a Doctor of Musical Arts (DMA) degree that did not include administrative coursework. The majority stated that there were no classes during their doctoral studies that were beneficial in preparing them for music administration, although most listed at least one course that would have been beneficial and felt that administrative skills should be the most important criterion in selecting a music administrator. Other experiences that helped prepare them for music administration included teaching and ensemble directing. Most administrators indicated a moderate degree of administrative preparation from doctoral coursework, although many scored in the lower range for administrative preparation. Very few indicated a high degree of administrative preparation. The gender and age of the participants did not appear significantly related to the chairs' administrative preparation. The type of doctoral degree, however, was related to administrative preparation for many of the categories. The doctoral emphasis and doctoral degree dates were also significant for some of the variables. The factors chairs considered most important in their administrative preparation were whether the participants took administration courses or planned on being administrators during their doctoral studies. One of the main recommendations of this study was that music doctoral students should include some administrative courses in their curriculum in the probable event they should later become department chairs in higher education. Future study recommendations include designing a curriculum for music administrators and exploring the relationship between effective administrative performance and types of administrative preparation.