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Étude de la surexpression du récepteur activé par les proliférateurs de peroxysomes (PPAR) b/d spécifiquement dans les lymphocytes T : effet sur l’inflammation associée à l’obésité et à un choc septique / Study of T cell-specific overexpression of Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) b/d : effect on inflammation associated with obesity and septic shockLe Menn, Gwenaëlle 11 December 2018 (has links)
Le récepteur activé par les proliférateurs de peroxysomes (PPAR) b/d est un facteur de transcription impliqué dans l’activation de la voie d’oxydation des lipides qui possède également une fonction anti-inflammatoire. Étudié chez les macrophages, son rôle reste très peu connu dans d’autres cellules immunitaires comme les lymphocytes T. Nous avons généré un nouveau modèle murin où PPARb/d est surexprimé spécifiquement dans les lymphocytes T (souris Tg T-PPARb), afin d’étudier l’effet de sa surexpression sur le développement ainsi que la fonction des lymphocytes T grâce à deux types de challenges : métabolique et immunitaire. Nos résultats ont permis de mettre en évidence un rôle de PPARb/d dans le développement des lymphocytes T ab (blocage de leur développement) mais pas des lymphocytes T gd. On observe alors une diminution de 70% du nombre de lymphocytes T ab dans les organes lymphoïdes conduisant à une diminution du ratio de Lymphocytes T ab/gd. Les lymphocytes T ab qui arrivent tout de même à se développer ne surexpriment pas PPARb/d. Au cours d’un challenge métabolique (régime hyperlipidique), nous avons observé que les souris Tg T-PPARb sont partiellement protégées contre l’obésité. Elles présentent également une amélioration de leur phénotype métabolique (sensibilité à l’insuline et au glucose, stéatose hépatique) et inflammatoire (diminution de l’inflammation des dépôts de tissus adipeux). Au cours d’un challenge immunitaire (injection de LPS), nous observons une diminution du nombre de macrophages pro-inflammatoires M1 dans la cavité péritonéale des souris Tg T-PPARb dès 1h post-injection. Chez les souris contrôles, ce phénomène est visible à partir de 3h postinjection de LPS. Il semble ainsi que la réponse immunitaire des souris Tg T-PPARb soit plus précoce que celle des souris contrôles en réponse à un challenge immunitaire. En conclusion, la surexpression de PPARb spécifiquement dans les lymphocytes T semble provoquer une altération des populations de lymphocytes T ainsi qu’une potentielle modification de leur fonction qui pourraient expliquer que les souris Tg T-PPARb réagissent mieux que les souris contrôles lorsqu’elles sont soumises à différents types de challenges (immunitaire ou métabolique). / The Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor (PPAR) b/d is a transcription factor involved in the activation of the lipid oxidation pathway that also has an anti-inflammatory function. While well-studied in macrophages, its role in other immune cells like in T cells remains largely unknown. We have generated a new mouse model in which PPARb/d is specifically overexpressed in T cells (Tg T-PPARb mice) and studied the effect of its overexpression on the development and the function of T cells through two types of challenge: metabolic and immune. Our results show a role of PPARb/d in the development of ab T cells (blocking their development) but not gd T cells. There is then a 70% decrease in the number of ab T cells in lymphoid organs leading to a decrease in the ab/gd T cell ratio. ab T cells that are still able to develop do not overexpress PPARb/d. During a metabolic challenge (high fat diet), we observed that Tg T-PPARb mice are partially protected against high fat diet inducedobesity. They also show an improvement in their metabolic (insulin and glucose sensitivity, hepatic steatosis) and inflammatory phenotype (decrease in inflammation in adipose tissue depots). During an immune challenge (LPS injection), we observed a decrease in pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage number in the peritoneal cavity of Tg TPPARb mice at 1h post-injection. In control mice, this phenomenon is seen at 3h post-injection of LPS. Thus, it appears that the immune response in Tg T-PPARb mice is faster than the one in control mice in response to an immune challenge. In conclusion, PPARb/d overexpression specifically in T cells appears to cause an alteration in T cell population as well as a potential change in their function which could explain that Tg T-PPARb mice respond better than control mice when they are subjected to different types of challenges (immune or metabolic).
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Innocent Until Proven Guilty: An Examination of Jury Selection and Juror BiasGodwin, Mackenzie L. 29 May 2019 (has links)
No description available.
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Legitimitet som kvinna och VD : En kvalitativ studie om hur kvinnor i VD-positioner upplever och hanterar legitimitetsutmaningar / Legitimacy as a woman and CEO : A qualitative study on how women in CEO positions experience and manage legitimacy challengesOlsson, Elina, Wemlén, Louise January 2023 (has links)
Syfte: Syftet för denna studie är utveckla begrepp relaterade till de legitimitetsutmaningar kvinnor i VD-positioner upplever och beskriva hur de hanterar dem utifrån deras egna perspektiv. Metod: Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ metod i form av intervjuer med kvinnor i VD-positioner. En abduktiv ansats har tillämpats. Slutsatser: Resultatet av studien visar på att kvinnor i VD-positioner upplever legitimitetsutmaningar kopplat till deras kön. De tre identifierade legitimitetsutmaningarna är Betraktas inte som ledare, Betvivlad kompetens och Inadekvat utvärdering. Den förstnämnda beskriver hur kvinnor i VD-positioner inte betraktas som en vedertagen ledare på grund av fördomar och uppfattningen om symbolstatus relaterade till dem som kvinnor. Den andra legitimitetsutmaningen skildrar hur kvinnor i VD-positioner upplever att deras kompetens blir betvivlad eftersom de kan mötas av bristande tillit och begränsat handlingsutrymme. Den sistnämnda framställer hur kvinnor i VD-positioner uppfattar att de har högre ställda krav på sig samt blir hårdare bedömd och därmed inte blir adekvat utvärderade. De huvudsakliga hanteringarna av legitimitetsutmaningar är att tro på sig själv och sin kompetens samt vara medveten om vilket intryck man ger. / Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop concepts related to the legitimacy challenges women in CEO positions experience and describe how they manage them from their own perspective. Method: The study was conducted using a qualitative method in the form of interviews with women in CEO positions. An abductive approach was applied. Conclusion: The results of the study show that women in CEO positions experience legitimacy challenges linked to their gender. The three identified legitimacy challenges were Not being regarded as a leader, Doubted competence and Inadequate evaluation. The former describes how women in CEO positions are not considered as an natural leader due to prejudice and the perception of symbolic status related to them as women. The second legitimacy challenge depicts how women in CEO positions feel that their competence is doubted since they can be met with a lack of trust and limited room for action. The latter describes how women in CEO positions perceive that they have higher demands placed on them and are judged more harshly and thus are not adequately evaluated. The main ways to deal with legitimacy challenges are to believe in yourself and your competence and to be aware of the impression you give.
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The Sustainable City Year Program Public Scholarship for Community DevelopmentBraun, Nicholas, Hutle, Thomas, Vonk, Milan Alexander January 2016 (has links)
By 2050, an estimated 6.3 billion people or 66% of the world population will live in cities. Therefore, cities are in a high impact position regarding sustainability. The question is, how do we increase awareness of the sustainability challenge among these populations and gain citywide buy-in and multi-stakeholder collaboration to address this challenge? The Sustainable City Year Program (SCYP) at the University of Oregon offers one approach to tackle this issue by matching higher education institutions (HEI’s), with local and regional cities to address their sustainability related needs through publicly engaged scholarship. The objective of this research was to examine how SCYP contributes to strategic sustainable development (SSD). Our research methods included a peer-reviewed literature review, semi-structured interviews, surveys and further document review. Our sources included SCYP co-founders, partner city program managers, strategic sustainable development experts, and municipal planners from around the world. Our research suggests that SCYP creates a subtle paradigm shift towards sustainability among partner city staff and community members while accelerating practical implementation of sustainability related projects. Furthermore, the added layer of SSD concepts can increase the efficacy of this approach and allow the model to embrace a larger systems level perspective over time.
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Reviewing the challenge for able students : a participatory enquiry exploring the nature of pedagogy that can enhance cognitive engagement with homeworkBadyal, Caroline January 2013 (has links)
This thesis investigates and analyses the level of challenge for able students in an 11-18 Academy. It is addressed from my position as the Principal of the case study Academy and a novice researcher. Eight teachers who formed the Teaching and Learning group within the Academy participated in the study, as part of a community of practice with an interest in the issue addressed and the research process. The study focused on concerns arising from Learning Walks and Ofsted feedback about the perceived lack of challenge for able students. Using a three layer action research methodology, the views and practices of staff and students about challenge in ILTs (Independent Learning Tasks) were explored. An initial brainstorming activity was followed by questionnaires, lesson observations and focus group sessions with a sample of 100 students (Years 7, 9, 10 and 11). At the close of the first layer of research, data analysis revealed a range of levels of challenge in different subject areas, and from these a Year 10 Geography group was selected, with the support of the teacher. The second action research layer involved the Geography teacher and 15 Geography students who had identified a lack of challenge in their ILTs. This shifted the focus of the research to consider the cognitive challenge incorporated into tasks, focusing on thinking skills and questioning techniques. The third and final action research layer resulted in a newly developed, collaboratively-constructed ‘student friendly’ thinking skills analysis which provided powerful and formative insights to ‘label’ challenge. The teacher responded reflexively to the outcomes by trying out a redeveloped approach to ILTs (homework) and questioning techniques within the Academy. The findings from this investigation suggest that, cognitively challenging, problem-solving tasks, co-constructed with students to include opportunities for Socratic questioning provide for greater challenge in the classroom. Finally, the benefits to be gained from establishing a research community where the Principal is the lead researcher, include an increased emphasis on staff as change agents and the critical contribution of student voice in pursuit of challenging teaching and learning.
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Alcohol responses, cognitive impairment, and alcohol-related negative consequencesQuinn, Patrick Donovan 18 September 2014 (has links)
Under frameworks such as Alcohol Myopia Theory, a body of literature has developed demonstrating how alcohol intoxication can increase behavioral risk-taking, potentially via impaired inhibition of prepotent behavioral responses. A separate area of research has shown that responses to alcohol intoxication are not homogenous across the population. Whereas most previous research has considered alcohol responses in relation to risk for alcohol use disorders, the present investigation tested whether they may additionally contribute to the acute effects of alcohol on drinking-episode-specific cognitive and behavioral consequences. We recruited 82 moderate-to-heavy drinking emerging adults to each complete 2 research protocols: a placebo-controlled, within-subject, counterbalanced alcohol challenge in a simulated bar laboratory and a 21-day, event-level self-monitoring follow-up. Replicating previous research, the alcohol challenge increased heart rate and subjective stimulant-like and sedative-like responses and impaired psychomotor performance and response inhibition. Individual differences in subjective stimulation but not sedation were significantly associated with inhibitory impairment. In the event-level follow-up, we found little evidence that alcohol responses elevated risk for adverse behavioral outcomes, although evidence was stronger that alcohol responses were associated with alcohol-induced memory blackout. Whether and how alcohol responses relate to the physiological, cognitive, and behavioral consequences of alcohol intoxication may depend on a) the quality of the response (e.g., stimulation vs. sedation), b) the type of outcome (e.g., response inhibition vs. blackout vs. behavioral risk-taking), and c) whether perceptions of alcohol-induced effects may contribute to emerging adults' evaluations of risk (e.g., driving after drinking and riding with a drinking driver). / text
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Transforming development? : the millennium challenge account and US-Nicaraguan relationsMais, Tom January 2009 (has links)
This thesis explores a relatively new and arguably innovative United States (US) international development initiative called the Millennium Challenge Account (MCA), which was launched by President Bush in 2004 as his flagship development programme for combating global poverty. Inciting transformational change, both in the delivery of aid and within the recipient countries themselves, lies at the heart of the MCA, which is housed in a new development entity named the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC). In-depth semistructured interviews were utilised to facilitate the accumulation of rich and varied data, through which the rhetoric and discourses surrounding the MCA could be' challenged, contested and debated at a variety oflevels. This study critically engages with the MCA to reveal its core motivations and ideological underpinnings, through which we can better understand its origins and potential to deliver sustainable development in the South. In order to do this, specific attention is given to Nicaragua's involvement in the initiative; a country which has played host to a plethora of US foreign policy activities, actions and interventions over the years. An exhaustive exploration of Nicaragua's experience of the MCA is subsequently utilised as a platform for engaging with the core debates and issues surrounding the MCA and development discourse more broadly. In particular, the study's findings critically question the neoliberal model of development being promoted through the MCA and challenge the programme's ability to address the complexities of impoverishment. Part and parcel of this process involves examining the seemingly inseparable marriage between 'democracy' and market liberalisation in development, through which it is argued in this thesis that transnationalliberalism has been extended as the hegemonic ideology of this epoch and a polyarchic system of rule promoted across much of the South.
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Track quality monitoring for the compact muon solenoid silicon strip trackerGoitom, Israel January 2009 (has links)
The CMS Tracker is an all silicon detector and it is the biggest of its kind to be built. The system consists of over 15,000 individual detector modules giving rise to readout through almost 107 channels. The data generated by the Tracker system is close to 650 MB at 40 MHz. This has created a challenge for the CMS collaborators in terms of data storage for analysis. To store only the interesting physics data the readout rate has to be reduced to 100 Hz where the data has to be ltered through a monitoring system for quality checks. The Tracker being the closest part of the detector to the interaction point of the CMS creates yet another challenge that needs the data quality monitoring system. As it operates in a very hostile environment the silicon detectors used to detect the particles will be degraded. It is very important to monitor the changes in the sensor behaviour with time so that to calibrate the sensors to compensate for the erroneous readings. This thesis discusses the development of a monitoring system that will enable the checking of data generated by the tracker to address the issues discussed above. The system has two parts, one dealing with the data used to monitor the Tracker and a second one that deals with statistical methods used to check the quality of the data.
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Assessing Design Thinking through the Activation of A Social Challenge in Higher Education: An Academic InquiryMatni, Amin 01 January 2014 (has links)
This thesis is an inquiry that documents, identifies and assesses the effectiveness, circumstances, and potential resources related to addressing the gap between social needs and higher education as stated in the National Development Strategy 2011-2016. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the response of the students on the collaborative, human-centered, result-oriented aspects of design thinking while addressing the eating experience topic, an articulated theme from the wicked problem of obesity. The eating experience theme provided students from design, business and engineering majors a contextualized topic to test design thinking in a series of workshops conducted in three different universities. Quantitative research methods were used to test the students’ feedback on design thinking, map their reactions during the process and rate the workshops. The later served as a recruitment channel to bring interested students from design, business and engineering majors in a last workshop. Participants develop one of the previously generated seed concepts and reflect on the multi-disciplinary experience. Results have shown that students successfully articulated the method, focused on the user-needs, collaborated with each other and generated tangible seed concepts to address the social topic. The interior design students assessed the method with an average rating. They were the least comfortable with the ambiguity level of the topic and with the user-centered approach of design thinking. Whereas the engineering and business students rated the method with high scores and were comfortable in the workshops. Furthermore, 22% of the students involved in the study were interested to enroll in the last multi-disciplinary workshop yet 5% participated due to their workload and the lack of incentives. In conclusion, the inquiry engaged students in a transformative academic experience that impacted their cognitive and ethical capacity. It also revealed new opportunities that can bridge the gap between higher education and social needs.
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Význam organizace Teen Challenge International pro lidi ohrožené závislostí či se závislostí bojující / Impact of Teen Challenge International on individuals endangered by an addiction or fighting with an addiction or God as HopeRabiňáková, Veronika January 2011 (has links)
TITLE: The impact of Teen Challenge International on individuals endangered by an addiction or fighting with an addiction, or God as Hope KEY WORDS: Drugs Addiction Prevention Cure Teen Challenge International Belief in God ANNOTATION: In my diploma I observe how cognition of God and belief in Him influences the process of prevention of addiction and the help provided for drug addicts. The theoretical part deals with the issue of drug addiction in the Czech Republic, with strategies fighting this phenomenon, and with various types of help which works, at least to a certain extent, with the spiritual dimension of a man. I focus on the Teen Challenge International Organization (TCI). In the practical part I examine how TCI works with the spiritual dimension of an individual, who TCI works with, what methods TCI uses, and why. The purpose of this examination is to discover how the people in our atheistic country respond to this offered form of help and what they can recieve from being open for God. I use interviews, questionnaires and narrations of those who come to TCI for help and of TCI workers, too. At the end of my work I present new facts that arise from the examination results and I suggest how educationalists, especially those working with children and youngsters with special needs, can use them in...
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