Thesis (Ph.D.) - Simon Fraser University, 2004. / Title from title screen (viewed on January 14, 2008). Theses (Faculty of Education) / Simon Fraser University.

SILVA, I. L. O. Trabalho e política pública: subsídios para uma avaliação das políticas de turismo a partir do estudo dos trabalhadores informais da Praia do Futuro em Fortaleza – CE. 2008. 209 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Avaliação de Políticas Públicas) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Pró - Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Avaliação de Políticas Públicas, Fortaleza-CE, 2008. / Submitted by Ana Paula Paula (mappufce@gmail.com) on 2012-04-18T20:01:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final do Mestrado.pdf: 2599141 bytes, checksum: f86c057b3bbc2ea3edbfbaa9891a47e4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-04-23T12:49:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final do Mestrado.pdf: 2599141 bytes, checksum: f86c057b3bbc2ea3edbfbaa9891a47e4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-04-23T12:49:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final do Mestrado.pdf: 2599141 bytes, checksum: f86c057b3bbc2ea3edbfbaa9891a47e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / This study provides subsidies for the construction of a systematic evaluation of public policies for tourism, considering the change in work in the contemporary world. For this, the research focuses on the evaluation of government policies in the segment of tourism in the city of Fortaleza, from two points. The first is the historical construction of public policies for tourism in the town of Praia do Futuro. The second shows a search to recognize the informal workers of the Praia do Futuro. The hypothesis of this work is that the tourist activity is focused more to the commodification of place, acuada the process of turistificação of space, subject to the interests of capital and the neoliberal policies to the detriment of development itself in order to promote the common welfare. The trailer of this process of turistificação is the effect of the precariousness of work as a crisis of transformation inherent in capitalist production process. The challenge is to analyze the tourism in another aspect, a dimension of all. Efforts are to understand how the informal survive as conforms, and the resistance to social and economic situation on them. Express themselves in their world views, their aspirations in establishing their networks sociabilizarão, building new alternatives in the organization of social life. Thus, it is considered that public policies for tourism can be reduced inequality generated by the market and ensure a minimum of welfare for all. But alone, these policies take character to promote salvation, disguised in speeches votes. Remains how public policies reflect these principles of tourism. / Esse estudo oferece subsídios para a construção sistemática de uma avaliação de políticas públicas de turismo, considerando as transformações do trabalho no mundo contemporâneo. Para tanto, a investigação centra-se na avaliação das políticas de governo no segmento de turismo na cidade de Fortaleza, partindo de dois momentos. O primeiro é a construção histórica das políticas públicas de turismo na localidade da Praia do Futuro. O segundo momento apresenta uma pesquisa para reconhecer os trabalhadores informais da Praia do Futuro. A hipótese deste trabalho seria a de que a atividade turística está voltada mais para a mercantilização do lugar, acuada pelo processo de turistificação do espaço, submetendo-se aos interesses do capital e das políticas neoliberais, em detrimento do desenvolvimento propriamente dito, com vista a promover o bem-estar comum. A reboque desse processo de turistificação surge o efeito da precarização do trabalho como uma crise intrínseca da transformação do processo produtivo capitalista. O desafio é analisar o turismo numa outra vertente, numa dimensão de totalidade. Os esforços são para entender de que forma os informais sobrevivem, como se conformam e quais as resistências às situações sociais e econômicas a eles impostas. Expressam-se as suas visões de mundo, suas aspirações, estabelecendo suas redes de sociabilizarão, construindo novas alternativas de organização da vida social. Assim, considera-se que as políticas públicas de turismo podem permitir reduzir a desigualdade gerada pela sociedade de mercado e garantir um mínimo de bem-estar para todos. Mas, sozinhas, essas políticas assumem caráter salvacionistas de promoção, disfarçadas em discursos eleitoreiros. Resta saber como as políticas públicas de turismo traduzem esses princípios

Additional works in a building contract Abstract The presented thesis deals with the issue of additional works within the building contract, which are one of the most common causes of disputes between the contractor and the client. Its aim is to comprehensively present the issue of additional works, especially to define the term of additional works, to analyze their impact on the subject of the work, the time for completion and the price of the work. Last but not least, to analyze the legal regulation of additional works in the FIDIC contractual conditions. In the first, general, part of the thesis, attention is focused on the definition of the term of additional works, i.e. works that are performed in addition, beyond the original building contract and to distinguish them from changes of the work. Furthermore, the distinction of individual types of additional works or the causes of their origin, which can include, for example, the requirements of the client, the contractor's actions, defects in project documentation or unpredictable conditions of the building site. The second, special, part of the thesis is focused on partial controversial issues related to additional works. In particular, it is a question of amending the contract and the related issue of the invalidity of the amendment to the contract or...

nÃo hà / CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Esse estudo oferece subsÃdios para a construÃÃo sistemÃtica de uma avaliaÃÃo de polÃticas pÃblicas de turismo, considerando as transformaÃÃes do trabalho no mundo contemporÃneo. Para tanto, a investigaÃÃo centra-se na avaliaÃÃo das polÃticas de governo no segmento de turismo na cidade de Fortaleza, partindo de dois momentos. O primeiro à a construÃÃo histÃrica das polÃticas pÃblicas de turismo na localidade da Praia do Futuro. O segundo momento apresenta uma pesquisa para reconhecer os trabalhadores informais da Praia do Futuro. A hipÃtese deste trabalho seria a de que a atividade turÃstica està voltada mais para a mercantilizaÃÃo do lugar, acuada pelo processo de turistificaÃÃo do espaÃo, submetendo-se aos interesses do capital e das polÃticas neoliberais, em detrimento do desenvolvimento propriamente dito, com vista a promover o bem-estar comum. A reboque desse processo de turistificaÃÃo surge o efeito da precarizaÃÃo do trabalho como uma crise intrÃnseca da transformaÃÃo do processo produtivo capitalista. O desafio à analisar o turismo numa outra vertente, numa dimensÃo de totalidade. Os esforÃos sÃo para entender de que forma os informais sobrevivem, como se conformam e quais as resistÃncias Ãs situaÃÃes sociais e econÃmicas a eles impostas. Expressam-se as suas visÃes de mundo, suas aspiraÃÃes, estabelecendo suas redes de sociabilizarÃo, construindo novas alternativas de organizaÃÃo da vida social. Assim, considera-se que as polÃticas pÃblicas de turismo podem permitir reduzir a desigualdade gerada pela sociedade de mercado e garantir um mÃnimo de bem-estar para todos. Mas, sozinhas, essas polÃticas assumem carÃter salvacionistas de promoÃÃo, disfarÃadas em discursos eleitoreiros. Resta saber como as polÃticas pÃblicas de turismo traduzem esses princÃpios. / This study provides subsidies for the construction of a systematic evaluation of public policies for tourism, considering the change in work in the contemporary world. For this, the research focuses on the evaluation of government policies in the segment of tourism in the city of Fortaleza, from two points. The first is the historical construction of public policies for tourism in the town of Praia do Futuro. The second shows a search to recognize the informal workers of the Praia do Futuro. The hypothesis of this work is that the tourist activity is focused more to the commodification of place, acuada the process of turistificaÃÃo of space, subject to the interests of capital and the neoliberal policies to the detriment of development itself in order to promote the common welfare. The trailer of this process of turistificaÃÃo is the effect of the precariousness of work as a crisis of transformation inherent in capitalist production process. The challenge is to analyze the tourism in another aspect, a dimension of all. Efforts are to understand how the informal survive as conforms, and the resistance to social and economic situation on them. Express themselves in their world views, their aspirations in establishing their networks sociabilizarÃo, building new alternatives in the organization of social life. Thus, it is considered that public policies for tourism can be reduced inequality generated by the market and ensure a minimum of welfare for all. But alone, these policies take character to promote salvation, disguised in speeches votes. Remains how public policies reflect these principles of tourism.

Purpose: Low productivity, poor quality and rising costs are some of the problems within the building industry. These problems can be attributed to the complexity of the building industry, low digitisation and outdated ways to manage building projects. Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) is a way of working which can reduce these problems and lead to improvements and higher efficiency.  VDC is used by several actors in the building industry, mainly during the design process but not so much during construction even though it would render an even bigger effect if used then as well. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate difficulties and incentives regarding implementation of VDC in construction. Method: This qualitative study is based on a literature study and a case study which provides good validity and reliability. The case study includes observations and interviews with personnel at two different building projects as well as a design process manager. Findings: Difficulties found in this study are the building industry´s high level of institutionalization, lack of information concerning the meaning of VDC and poor communication of the educations, guidelines and management documents that exists regarding the use of VDC. Further difficulties are the low level of VDC knowledge within the construction teams and compatibility issues and costs that may arise when introducing new technology. Among the incentives found are the way VDC contributes to a greater product through more thought-through solutions, increased understanding and increased involvement of all concerned. Using VDC leads to clearer communication, easier management and a better overview of projects and safer workplaces as risks are more easily detected. Another important incentive found is the positive attitude among the construction team members towards the use of VDC. Implications: The result of the study provides a basis for successful implementation of VDC in production. To overcome the difficulties noted, clear communication about what VDC is and how it is used is recommended, as well as designing management documents and developing and communicating VDC education to construction team members. It is also important to involve the staff in changes of work procedures, take notice of their opinions and to take advantage of their experience. Limitations: The result ought to be applicable to companies where VDC is used in the design process and that has similar ambitions as the company this study was carried out in cooperation with. Keywords: Virtual Design and Construction, building virtually, 3D-models, construction management, change in work-processes. / Syfte: Byggbranschen har problem med bland annat låg produktivitet, bristande kvalitet och stigande byggkostnader. Många av dessa problem kan härledas till branschens komplexitet, låga digitalisering och omoderna sätt att styra projekten.  Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) är ett arbetssätt som kan minska dessa problem och leda till förbättringar och effektiviseringar. VDC används av flertalet aktörer i branschen men då till största delen under projekteringsfasen av ett projekt trots att det skulle ge ännu större effekt om det även användes under produktionen. Målet med detta arbete är därför att undersöka hinder och drivkrafter gällande införande av VDC i produktionen. Metod: Arbetet är en kvalitativ studie och bygger på en litteraturstudie och en fallstudie vilket ger god validitet och reliabilitet. Under fallstudien har observationer gjorts och semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med personal från två olika projekt samt med en projekteringsledare. Resultat: Arbetet visar på hinder som byggbranschens höga grad av institutionalisering, bristande information om innebörden av VDC samt bristande kommunikation om de utbildningar, riktlinjer och styrdokument som finns kring VDC-användning i projekt. Andra hinder är den bristande kunskapen hos produktionspersonalen och de kompabilitetsproblem och kostnader som kan uppstå vid införandet av ny teknik. Drivkrafter som arbetet belyser är bland annat att VDC bidrar till en bättre slutprodukt genom mer genomtänkta lösningar, ökad förståelse och ökat engagemang av samtliga berörda. Att använda VDC leder till bättre och tydligare kommunikation, enklare styrning och bättre översikt av projekten och säkrare arbetsplatser då risker lättare upptäcks. En annan viktig drivkraft är de anställdas positiva attityd till VDC. Konsekvenser: Arbetets resultat ger förutsättningar för en lyckad implementering av VDC i produktionen. För att övervinna de hinder som uppmärksammats rekommenderas en tydlig kommunikation om vad VDC är och hur det ska användas, att styrdokument utformas och att VDC-utbildningar till produktionspersonalen vidareutvecklas och förmedlas. Det är även viktigt att involvera personalen i förändringsarbetet, ta hänsyn till deras åsikter och dra nytta av deras erfarenhet. Begränsningar: Resultatet bör vara tillämpbart på företag där VDC används i projekteringen och har liknande ambition som företaget arbetet utförts i samarbete med. Nyckelord: Virtual Design and Construction, virtuellt byggande, 3D-modeller, produktionsplanering, förändringsarbete.

Extremväder som värmeböljor och skyfall blir alltmer framträdande till följd av ett förändrat klimat och orsakar stora belastningar på samhället. Värmeböljor bidrar till en rad olika hälsoproblem samtidigt som skyfall och förhöjda havsnivåer också skapar stor belastning på samhällets infrastruktur och bebyggelse. Sjukdomar, skogsbränder, brist på elektricitet, mat och vatten är exempel på problem som skapas till följd av klimatförändringarna. Detta innebär stora utmaningar för Sveriges kommuner, som är ansvariga för att arbeta med en stor del av dessa frågor genom den fysiska planeringen. Denna studie undersöker Ydre kommuns förutsättningar för att genomföra ett effektivt klimatanpassningsarbete sett till vilka barriärer kommunen står inför, vilka drivkrafter som finns, intervjupersonernas syn på klimatrisker och möjliga vägar framåt i klimatanpassningsarbetet. Fem semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med representanter för kommunstyrelsen, barn- och utbildningsförvaltningen, socialförvaltningen, ekonomiska sektorn och tekniska sektorn. Resultaten visar på att kommunen är i uppstarten av sitt arbete och har mycket kvar att göra. Klimatanpassningsfrågan har hamnat lite i skymundan, dels p.g.a. att varje tjänsteperson har breda arbetsuppgifter, där man tenderar att prioritera de kommunala kärnfrågorna, men också beroende på bristande resurser och intressekonflikter om hur resurserna ska fördelas. Närheten mellan tjänstepersonerna i kommunen innebär möjligheter för en god samverkan och att varje röst blir mer hörd, men samtidigt läggs ett större ansvar till varje tjänsteperson. Resultatet visar på att det finns en viss kunskapsbrist inom klimatanpassningsfrågan då klimatanpassning vid flera tillfällen blandades ihop med mitigering av intervjupersonerna. Att anställa en klimatanpassningssamordnare eller att ge en nuvarande anställd rollen som klimatanpassningssamordnare skulle tillföra en tydlighet i klimatanpassningsarbetet, och skulle också underlätta organiseringen samt effektivisera arbetet. / Extreme weathers such as heat waves and heavy rain are becoming increasingly prominent because of a changing climate and cause great strains on the society. Heat waves contribute to several different health problems, while heavy rain and rising sea levels also create a great strain on society ́s infrastructure and buildings. Diseases, bush fires, and shortages of electricity, water and food are examples of problems created because of climate change. This entails major challenges for Sweden ́s municipalities that have a part of the responsibility for dealing with these issues through the spatial planning. This study examines Ydre municipality ́s prerequisites for carrying out effective climate change adaptation work set to which barriers the municipality face, which driving forces there are, the interviewees approach on climate risks and possible ways forward. Five semi-structured interviews were conducted with representatives from the municipal executive committee, the children- and education department, the social services department, the economic sector and the technical sector. The results show that the municipality is at the start of its work and has a lot left to do. The issue of climate change adaptation has been a bit overshadowed, partly because each official has broad tasks, where one tends to prioritize the municipal core issues, but also due to lack of resources and conflicts of interest about how the resources should be distributed. The closeness between the officials in the municipalities can make opportunities for a good collaboration and that each voice is heard more, but at the same time, a greater responsibility is added to each official. The results show that there is a certain lack of knowledge in the climate adaptation issue as climate adaptation on several occasions was confused with mitigation of the interviewees. Hiring a climate adaptation coordinator would add clarity to the climate adaptation work and would ease the organization as well as streamline the work.

Load, haul and dump machines (LHDs) are commonly used in underground mines around the world. The machines are used to transport fragmented ore after blasting in the ore body. The main propellant used is diesel which accounts for a large part of the diesel consumed in mines today. This master thesis is a pilot study for further work to be done by LTU and Atlas Copco in a project called SIMS or Sustainable Intelligent Mining Systems, where the aim is to physically demonstrate diesel free LHDs doing productive work in mines. The objective of the thesis was to assess if the integration of battery-powered LHD machines is plausible in today’s underground mines. The aims were to map the current state of the production and to perform risk and job analysis of the new technology in the current systems. A theoretical framework was constructed with focus on safety, risk, hazards and change in work content. Social acceptance was then researched to be able to analyze how the new technology is received. Data gathering was done through interviews, observations, a focus group and reviewing documents while visiting Atlas Copco and two underground mines in Sweden. Diesel and electric-powered LHDs were studied in the mines and battery-powered LHDs were studied at Atlas Copco. The results present the current state of diesel, electric and battery-powered LHDs. How the machines are used in the visited mines and the identified risks with the work is presented along with the mapping of the battery system being developed by Atlas Copco. New risks that the battery system will bring to the work environment were identified using energy and deviation analyzes. The change in work content was discussed using the information from the visits and identifying what tasks will change, disappear and be added with the new technology. A large part of the thesis was analyzing the results with support from the theoretical framework. The analysis showed that a switch from diesel to battery-power would improve the overall health and safety inside the mines. A switch does not change the skill needed to operate the machines but can increase the qualifications for the service personnel. The main obstacles, in terms of social acceptance, with implementing the battery systems in the current state are that the need for constant battery exchange would cause problems in the production, the prejudice that the batteries would increase the consequences of a fire and the initial cost of making the switch. Recommendations for Atlas Copco going forward in the SIMS project were made. They need to emphasizing the safety of the technology to the users, developing the battery exchange so it can be done closer to the stopes and involve the operators in the projects of SIMS to help them understand the benefits it will have on them directly. / Gruvlastmaskiner (LHD) används ofta i gruvor runt om i världen. Maskinerna används för transportera fragmenterade malm efter malmen sprängts. Det huvudsakliga drivmedlet som används är diesel, som står för en stor del av den diesel som förbrukas i gruvor idag. Detta examensarbete är en pilotstudie för ytterligare arbete som ska utföras av LTU och Atlas Copco i ett projekt som heter SIMS eller Sustainable Intelligent Mining Systems. Syftet är att fysiskt demonstrera dieselfria LHD-maskiner göra produktivt arbete i gruvor. Syftet med examensarbetet var att bedöma om integrationen av batteridrivna LHD-maskiner är möjligt i dagens underjordiska gruvor. Målet var att kartlägga den aktuella produktionssituationen och att utföra risk- och arbetsanalyser av den nya tekniken i nuvarande system. En teoretisk referensram konstruerades med fokus på säkerhet, risk och förändring i arbetsinnehåll. Social acceptans undersöktes sedan för att kunna analysera hur den nya tekniken tas emot. Datainsamlingen gjordes genom intervjuer, observationer, en fokusgrupp och granskning av dokument givna vid besök på Atlas Copco och två underjordiska gruvor i Sverige. Diesel- och el-drivna maskiner studerades i gruvorna och batteridrivna studerades hos Atlas Copco. Resultaten presenterar det nuvarande läget för diesel, elektriska och batteridrivna LHDmaskiner. Hur maskinerna används i de besökta gruvorna och de identifierade riskerna med arbetet presenteras tillsammans med kartläggningen av batterisystemet som utvecklas av Atlas Copco. Nya risker med batterisystemet identifierades med hjälp av energi- och avvikelsesanalyser. Ändringarna i arbetsinnehåll diskuterades med hjälp av informationen från besöken och klargör vilka uppgifter som ska förändras, försvinnas och läggas till med den nya tekniken. En stor del av arbetet var att analysera resultaten med stöd från den teoretiska referensramen. Analysen visade att bytet från diesel till batterier skulle förbättra hälsan och säkerheten i gruvorna. Teknologibytet förändrar inte den färdighet som krävs för att kunna manövrera maskinerna men kan öka kvalifikationerna för servicepersonalen. De viktigaste hindren när det gäller social acceptans med att implementera batterisystemen i det nuvarande tillståndet är att behovet av konstant batteribyte skulle orsaka problem i produktionen, fördomarna om att batterierna skulle öka konsekvenserna av en brand och de initiala kostnaderna att göra ett byte. Rekommendationer för Atlas Copco för fortsatt arbete i SIMS-projektet gjordes. De behöver klargöra säkerheten hos den nya teknik för användarna, utveckla batteribytet så att det kan göras närmare produktionen och involvera operatörerna i SIMS-projekten för att hjälpa dem att förstå de fördelar som det kommer att ha på dem direkt.