No description available.

The study examines attitudes toward and effectiveness of cause-related marketing initiatives in Poland. As the results indicate, the factors, which lead to the popularity and effectiveness of the cause-related marketing initiatives in the United States and the United Kingdom, lack in the Polish culture. Even though CRM is popular in Poland, it does not influence the purchase decisions. Poles do not have any expectations toward businesses in the area of corporate social responsibility. They believe that the government should take the responsibility for solving social issues, and value only the functional dimensions of the products, because their emotional needs are fully satisfied by their families, friends and religion.

En este trabajo se pretende analizar las medidas que diversas instituciones, tanto eclesiásticas como civiles, adoptaron para afrontar el problema social del “desamparo” durante la primera mitad del siglo XVIII en el Reino de Murcia, donde la mayor parte del estado llano sufrió durísimas condiciones de vida. La caridad era un principio vigente en la sociedad española del Antiguo Régimen y permitió que los pobres y desamparados fueran atendidos. La mayor parte de las iniciativas procedían del ámbito eclesiástico. De este modo, el cabildo catedralicio, el obispado o las órdenes religiosos pusieron parte de sus rentas al servicio de los necesitados. Pero también el concejo y los particulares contribuyeron a intentar que la situación de muchas personas mejorase. Pero lo que se ha comprobado es que, pese a todo, las rentas destinadas fueron una mínima parte de lo que se podía haber utilizado. / This paper aims to analyze the actions that various institutions, both ecclesiastical and civil, adopted to address the social problem of "helplessness" in the first half of the eighteenth century in the Kingdom of Murcia, where most of the people suffered hard conditions of life. Charity was a active principle in Spanish society of the Ancien Regime and it allowed the poor and homeless were served. Most of the initiatives came from the ecclesiastical sphere. Thus, the cathedral chapter, the bishop or religious orders used part of their income to service the needy. But the City Council and individuals contributed to attempt that the situation of many people improve. But what has been proven is that, despite everything, the rents were aimed a fraction of what they could have used

The declaration of the International Year of Disabled Persons in 1981 and the international activism of persons with disabilities resulted in the globalization of disability, which involved a new framework for the treatment of PWDs. Although disability activism was being played out globally, it has been about PWDs gaining equality and full participation in their local societies. Therefore, at the heart of an international movement was the strategic organization of PWDs, most of who live in the developing world. This dissertation is based on a case study of activism for disability rights in one particular developing society, Jamaica. The Jamaican movement is spearheaded by the Combined Disabilities Association (CDA), which has been at the forefront of disability rights activism locally and regionally. The primary research question: how does CDA organize strategically to meet the needs of the broader disabled population of Jamaica is broken down into the following four sub-questions: 1) how is "disability" constructed in the context of Jamaican culture, 2) how did CDA members negotiate their original involvement and level of participation with the organization, 3) what is the nature of the linkage between the CDA and Disabled People International, and how does this relationship affect CDA's policies and procedures, and 4) what strategies does CDA employ to mobilize PWDs in Jamaica to participate in advocacy activities? These questions are explored using participant observation, semi-structured interviews, survey, and document review. Findings reveal a complex construction of disability as Jamaicans negotiate between various beliefs and ideas to understand the meaning of disability. Furthermore, the negotiation of movement involvement by PWDs is based their connections have with fellow members as well as the personal benefits that they receive. Although the CDA has been influenced by the international disability movement, it has also contributed to the global activism, especially in the Caribbean. In a local environment overwhelmed by limited financial resources and social inequalities the CDA by default addresses some social welfare of PWDS, while pursuing its primary commitment to advocacy, resulting in numerous challenges.

Filantropi inom företag har sedan länge varit ett fenomen utanför Sverige. Dock har filantropin brett ut sig inom Sverige de senaste åren och blir allt populärare av olika anledningar. Till exempel säger vissa företag att de känner en skyldighet att hjälpa de som har det sämre och de inom sin omgivning.Baserat på svar från intervjuer gjorda med sju olika respondenter från sju olika svenska företag, syftar denna uppsats till att svara på hur svenska företag arbetar med filantropi och vad som motiverar dem till att göra det.Resultatet tyder på att svenska företag arbetar med filantropi på ett centraliserat sätt och att informationen om arbetet kommuniceras mestadels internt, för att engagera och motivera personalstyrkan samt även för att ses som en attraktiv arbetsgivare. Filantropi kan även användas som en strategi för att stärka ett varumärke, samla politiska resurser och motverka negativ kritik. / Philanthropy within corporations has for a long time been a phenomenon outside of Sweden. However, philanthropy has spread throughout Sweden in recent years and is for various reasons becoming more popular. For example corporations say that they feel an obligation to help those who have it worse and also those in their environment.Based on answers gathered from interviews with seven different respondents from seven different Swedish corporations, this essay means to answer the question of how Swedish corporations work with philanthropy and what motivates them to do so.The result indicates that Swedish corporations work with philanthropy in a centralized manner and that information about this work is communicated mostly internally, to engage and motivate the staff but also to be seen as an attractive employer. Philanthropy can also be used as a strategy to strengthen a brand, gather political resources and combat negative criticism.This essay is written in Swedish.

No description available.

Univ., Diss./2005--Freiburg (Breisgau), 2004.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Abilene Christian University, 1994. / Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-56).

L'Esprit Saint entre dans le champ de la réflexion théologique à la fin du XIe siècle. L'explicitation de son mode de procession fait débat : de Pierre Lombard, qui identifie l'Esprit et la charité humaine aux théologiens scolastiques qui réduisent la spiration à un mouvement ineffable interne à la Trinité. Les réformateurs grégoriens emploient la référence à l'Esprit pour affirmer l'autonomie de l’Église à l'égard du monde comme une théonomie. Chez Urbain II, cette conception se traduit par le soutien apporté aux mouvements apostoliques comme œuvres de l'Esprit. Les mouvements apostoliques décrivent alors l'histoire comme un progrès dans la réforme de l’Église accompli par des hommes spirituels. Cette conception se révèle cependant incompatible avec la bureaucratisation de l'appareil ecclésiastique qui conçoit l'homme spirituel comme un conseiller détaché du monde et non un modèle pour la hiérarchie épiscopale. Certains envisagent alors les laïcs comme de possibles réformateurs mais la proposition qui s'impose est que l'aumône est la seule manière pour les laïcs d'être inspirés par l'Esprit. Ainsi apparaissent des organes laïcs d'assistance placés sous la titulature du Saint-Esprit. Cette appropriation laïque fonde le modèle d'une « notabilité apostolique » et la laïcisation progressive des œuvres de charité. Cette référence laïque décline au XIVe siècle, en lien avec un processus de confiscation de l'Esprit par une Église centralisée : l'Esprit est intégrée au fonctionnement bureaucratique de l'institution. Ce mouvement, qui se retrouve dans le champ scolastique, permet de comprendre les références dissidentes à l'Esprit comme autant de résistances à cette confiscation. / Social history can be linked to theology and ecclesiology by studying how the rules of speech induce social regularities. The Holy Spirit becomes a subject of theological reflection in the end of the eleventh century. There is a debate around the explanation of its procession: from Pierre Lombas, who identifies the Spirit to human charity, to the scholastic theologians for whom spiration is only an unspeakable process within the trinity itself. Gregorian reformers use the reference to the Spirit to explain the Church’s autonomy as a theonomy. For Urban II, this notion allows the support to apostolic movements as works of the Spirit. Those movements then describe history as a progress in the Church’s reform, carried out by spiritual men. However, this notion reveals itself conflicting with the bureaucratization of the ecclesiastic apparel which sees the spiritual man as a counsellor detached from the world and not as a model for episcopal hierarchy.Laymen are then considered by some as possible reformers but the most shared view is that alms are the only way for laymen to be inspired by the Spirit. That’s how lay charities are born and named after the Holy Spirit. This appropriation by the laymen forms the basis of an “apostolic notability” and the progressive secularization of charities. In the fourteenth century, this secular reference declines in relation with a process in which a centralized Church seizes the Spirit and integrates it to the bureaucratic organization of the institution. This movement, which can also be found in the scholastic field, offers a new understanding of dissident references to the Spirit as ways of resisting this seizing.

The main topic of this thesis is dedicated to morality and education in the sermons of Jan Kollar, the priest in Pest. The main source I use, is his two-volume publication Nedělnj, swátečné i přjležitostne kázně a řeči and his manuscript Česká kázání v letech 1821 1849. His sermons react on the negative condition of the Evangelical church in Pest and it's denationalization, therefore a part of his sermons describes also a nationalistic factor. As well as to the etics, I pay attention to Kollar's vision on freedom and proper functioning church.