Though the establishment of educational institutions is not necessarily surprising in Counter Reformation France as the church was obliged to foster education, what was innovative about Lyon’s écoles de charité is that “professional education” was stressed alongside Catholic doctrine in the seventeenth century. Catering to Lyon’s poor youth, these schools taught proper Catholic comportment, reading, writing, counting, and the acquisition of craft skills. Official and unofficial records reveal the charity schools’ daily practices and pedagogical exercises as well as the goals of the state, church, and local elite in fostering and supporting these institutions. The schools molded children into “moral, productive workers and faithful subjects” who could act as agents of the state, church, and community. Students had the responsibility of “elevating the morality, Christianity, and education” of their families, improving the “lower sorts” literally from the bottom-up. This thesis also addresses parents’ incentives in sending their children to these institutions. This projects spans several historiographies including that of early modern education, childhood, and the Catholic Reformation. Though other studies have mentioned the establishment of écoles de charité as part of a wider impulse of charitable giving spurred by the Catholic Reformation, little work exists on the schools’ specific dynamics or on the relationship to the state and community embedded in the routine life of these schools. Additionally, this project uses “childhood” as a category of historical analysis, investigating how different early modern social groups used children to change society. Finally, this project engages the Catholic Reformation as these schools were part of a larger project to expand knowledge of Catholic beliefs onto the people propelled by local as well as elite interests. / text

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Darbo tikslas: apžvelgti karitatyvinę veiklą Vilkaviškio vyskupijoje. Darbo objektas: Vilkaviškio vyskupijos ,,Caritas“. Darbo uždaviniai: pateikti gailestingosios meilės sampratą, apžvelgti tarpukario socialinę veiklą Vilkaviškio vyskupijoje ir okupacijos pasekmes, pristatyti ,,Caritas‘‘ organizacijos veiklą Vilkaviškio vyskupijoje po Nepriklausomybės atkūrimo. Darbo metodai: aprašomasis, tiriamasis, analitinis, sintetinis. Lietuvoje nemaža dalis įvairaus amžiaus žmonių, turi klaidingai suformuotą karitatyvinės veiklos supratimą. ,,Caritas‘‘ suvokiamas kaip ,,skudurų dalinimas‘‘, kaip ,,vieta“, kur galima palikti atlikusius, nereikalingus daiktus. ,,Caritas‘‘ – meilė, artimo meilė, gailestingumas. Išreiškia pastangas padėti kitam, rūpestį kito gerove, taigi, kalbama apie dorybę. Karitatyvinė veikla turi gimti iš meilės Dievui, o iš jos išplaukianti meilė artimui. Pats Kristaus asmuo ir jo gyvenimo pavyzdys yra ištisos gailestingosios meilės liudijimas. Tai ir stengiasi įgyvendinti ,,Caritas‘‘ rūpesčių kupiname pasaulyje. Šiame darbe apžvelgiama Vilkaviškio vyskupijoje vykusi ir vykdoma karitatyvinė veikla, atsižvelgiant į istorinio laikotarpio padiktuotus gyvenimo pokyčius. Kai kuri veikla vyskupijoje susijusi su visos Katalikų Bažnyčios veikla. Nemažai sunkumų, kalbant apie karitatyvinę veiklą tarpukario ir okupuotoje Lietuvoje, sudarė šaltinių stoka. Darbe remtasi archyviniais dokumentais, spausdinta literatūra, internetiniais tinklapiais, dirbusiųjų atsiminimais... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of work: to investigate charitable activities in Vilkaviskis diocese. Object of work: organization “Caritas“ in Vilkaviskis diocese. The goals: to give a concept of Merciful Love, overview interwar social activities in Vilkaviskis diocese and identify consequences of occupation, to introduce with organization “Caritas” activities in Vilkaviskis diocese after regain of independence. The methods: descriptive, exploratory, synthetic. Many people in Lithuania do have faulty opinion about charitable activities. “Caritas” is imagined as a place where you can get some clothing for free or a place where you can give away unused clothing or other things. “Caritas” is a love, charity, mercy. It is showing effort to help others, to care for other wellbeing, talking about virtue. Charitable activities should be born out of love for God, and love for your relatives comes from it. The very person of Christ and his life example is the entire testimony of charity. “Caritas” tries to implement that in a world full of worries. This work provides an overview of charitable work in Vilkaviskis diocese given changes in life of that historical period. Some of activities in diocese are related to all activities of the Catholic Church. A lot of trouble for charitable activities where caused by lack of charitable sources at a time of interwar and at the time when Lithuania was occupied. The work was based on archival documents, press, internet sources, memories by activists, interviews of... [to full text]

Uppsatsens syfte är att analysera och klargåra kundens bild av varumärket Erikshjälpen, klargöra organisations identitet och hur man inom organisationen vill att varumärket ska uppfattas på marknaden. En ambition är att analysera butiken som en marknadsföringskanal. Empirimaterialet har samlats in genom personliga intervjuer med respondenter som har direkt koppling till Erikshjälpen samt fokusgruppsintervjuer bland kunderna i fyra butiker. De slutsatser jag har kommit fram till har baserats på de tendenser som visat sig tydligt i min analys. Då jag inte haft för avsikt att generalisera är detta ett sätt att lyfta fram återkommande påstående från respondenterna. Under uppsatsens gång har det visat sig att ett varumärke har olika författare och som varumärkesinnehavare är det viktigt att vara den som styr, annars blir varumärkets image något annat än vad den ursprungliga tanken var. Det blev också tydligt att butiken har en viktig roll för varumärket som kommunikationskanal både i sin funktionalitet men också emotionellt genom den upplevelse den skapar mot kunden. / To create a strong brand, it is important to continually evaluate the relationship between identity and image. In this thesis, I have investigated what the charitable organization, Erik's Development Partner intends to communicate with their brand (referred to as identity) and how their customers interpret the brand (referred to as image). The purpose was to analyze differences and similarities between identity and image focusing on customers at Erik's Second Hand Stores as a marketing environment. The theoretical framework regards theories such as the different authors of brand development, an exploration of the brand identity - brand image linkage, the relationship marketing process, and the impact of physical surroundings on customers and employees. The study demonstrates both differences and similarities between the identity and image. It became evident that a brand develops through its many different authors and that it is important for the owner to control communications, otherwise the brand image will become something other than what was originally meant to be. It also became clear that secondhand stores have an important role in brand communication, both through their functionality but also emotionally, providing customers with a positive shopping experience.

In the Spring of 2011, I conducted 12 interviews with public housing tenants in Victoria, British Columbia. This research became the focus of my MA thesis research in anthropology. Both BC Housing's directly managed buildings and non-profit housing were included. My thesis aims to understand the motivations of tenants who desire to leave public housing and to situate these motivations within the framework of "push" and "pull" factors. In other words, to understand whether the desire to leave public housing stemmed from within in the housing system (push) or outside of it (pull). All participants reported push factors, though a few had been pushed from unsatisfactory public housing into satisfactory public housing. However, most participants felt stuck as they did not have the resources to pay for unaffordable market housing. The dissatisfaction they faced in public housing stemmed from problems with management/staff, problems with neighbours, and problems with the physical condition of housing. Many participants expressed fear that they would lose their housing if they expressed their rights as tenants or made complaints about the issues they faced. Complaints that were brought forward were seen as being ignored. In order to understand the frustration and fear participants experienced, I explore the idea of social assistance as "charity", which has its beginnings in the English Poor Laws, and what effect this has on the recipients. Social assistance as charity, including public housing, is given as a sort of "gift". I argue that in this framework, a gift should be accepted willingly and not questioned. This acts to silence complaints and plays off of common notions about who are the deserving poor and undeserving poor. / Graduate / 0326 / medavies@uvic.ca

This study investigates the use of five broad accountability mechanisms by gathering the perceptions of charities involved in the Canadian effort to reduce under-5 mortality abroad. While annual deaths in children under the age of 5 declined from an estimate of over 24.0 million in 1960 to under 8.0 million in 2010, mortality reduction goals have been established and missed for decades. As worldwide economies worsen, the amount of funds available for development assistance can be expected to decrease. This study seeks to determine if having accountability mechanisms is perceived to improve organizational behaviour, results and/or reduce costs. It uses a mixed methods approach including: a literature review to gain an understanding of accountability, effectiveness, development and under-5 mortality; key informant interviews to gain an understanding of funders, charities and development; a survey to gather the information required to answer the research questions; and a multiple-case study to gain a better appreciation of how accountability is used and to gather evidence of survey responses. The study investigates: which accountability mechanisms charities have, why they have them and the associated accountability holders; standards body memberships; the relationship between accountability mechanisms and various organizational characteristics; and the perceived effects of accountability mechanisms on organizational behaviour, results and costs. The survey finds that: charities say that they adopt accountability mechanisms because it is a good management practice that is perceived to improve organizational behaviour and results while not incurring costs in excess of the benefits; charities are more likely to adopt accountability mechanisms due to internal pressures than external pressures; the use of accountability mechanisms increases with organization size; and there is a greater difference in use of accountability mechanisms between small and large charities than there is between medium and large charities. The multiple-case study confirms the survey results. This study fills a gap in the literature by providing a Canadian perspective on the use of accountability mechanisms and the relationships amongst them and their perceived effects on organizational behaviour, results and costs. As economic burdens increase, increased accountability may lead to improved results even with fewer dollars.

This study investigates the use of five broad accountability mechanisms by gathering the perceptions of charities involved in the Canadian effort to reduce under-5 mortality abroad. While annual deaths in children under the age of 5 declined from an estimate of over 24.0 million in 1960 to under 8.0 million in 2010, mortality reduction goals have been established and missed for decades. As worldwide economies worsen, the amount of funds available for development assistance can be expected to decrease. This study seeks to determine if having accountability mechanisms is perceived to improve organizational behaviour, results and/or reduce costs. It uses a mixed methods approach including: a literature review to gain an understanding of accountability, effectiveness, development and under-5 mortality; key informant interviews to gain an understanding of funders, charities and development; a survey to gather the information required to answer the research questions; and a multiple-case study to gain a better appreciation of how accountability is used and to gather evidence of survey responses. The study investigates: which accountability mechanisms charities have, why they have them and the associated accountability holders; standards body memberships; the relationship between accountability mechanisms and various organizational characteristics; and the perceived effects of accountability mechanisms on organizational behaviour, results and costs. The survey finds that: charities say that they adopt accountability mechanisms because it is a good management practice that is perceived to improve organizational behaviour and results while not incurring costs in excess of the benefits; charities are more likely to adopt accountability mechanisms due to internal pressures than external pressures; the use of accountability mechanisms increases with organization size; and there is a greater difference in use of accountability mechanisms between small and large charities than there is between medium and large charities. The multiple-case study confirms the survey results. This study fills a gap in the literature by providing a Canadian perspective on the use of accountability mechanisms and the relationships amongst them and their perceived effects on organizational behaviour, results and costs. As economic burdens increase, increased accountability may lead to improved results even with fewer dollars.

The presence of hospital foundations inside a public healthcare system raises the question of whether they are charitable organisations doing charitable acts and how they differ from state institutions. A charitable act is based on the notion of gift. A gift relationship, compared to a commercial relationship, is founded on sharing and mutual responsibility rather than common interests. Among friends and relatives, giving reveals strong and lively relationships. In modern society, giving also takes place between strangers. It reveals strong community ties. The charitable sector, including hospital foundations, is the most common form of giving among strangers. Those who participate in this sector show a high level of involvement in many sectors of society and have strong community ties. State action takes place irrespective of the quality of community ties, although it ultimately depends on it. Charitable action complements state action. However, state action remains essential since charity is alien to the concepts of justice and equity.

Common lawyers are notoriously suspicious of legal theory. This is exemplified by the dearth of theoretical content in Australian corporate law debate. If the first sin of legal theory is “to presume that it can offer a blueprint for actual decision-making and be a substitute for judicial and lawyerly wisdom”, then surely it is an equal transgression to profess that judicial and lawyerly wisdom can for long elude criticism without a sound theoretical basis. Reasoning by analogy is commonplace. This is as true in legal reasoning as in any other discipline. Indeed, it has been suggested that in the Australian legal context analogical reasoning is the very same “judicial and lawyerly wisdom” referred to above. In order to determine whether there is a true analogy, a number of legal scholars have suggested that a variety of potential known source analogues should be carefully analysed for their potential relevance to a less familiar target analogue lest an inapt analogy should lead one into error. The modern trading company is widely regarded as an apt source analogue for resolving jurisprudential issues involving incorporated associations and societies. However the basis upon which this assertion is made has never been adequately elucidated. This thesis tests the hypothesis that the modern trading company is the most apt source analogue for developing a jurisprudence of incorporated associations and societies. This is achieved using a theoretical approach drawn from corporate realist theory that is informed by an epidemiological investigation of incorporated sporting associations and societies in Australia and New Zealand.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 1995. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-181).