While a university education is sold to students as something anyone can achieve, their particular social location influences who enters this space. Mexican American women, by virtue of their intersecting identities as racialized women in the US, have to adopt a particular identity if they are to succeed through the educational pipeline and into college. In this thesis, I explore the mechanics behind the construction of this identity at The University of Texas at Austin. To understand how this happens, I read the experiences of six Mexican American, female students through a Chicana feminist lens, particularly Anzaldúa’s mestiza consciousness. I discovered that if Mexicana/Chicana students are to “make it,” they have to adopt a “good student, nice Mexican woman” identity. In other words, to be considered good students, Mexican American women must also adopt a code of conduct that is acceptable to the white-centric and middle-class norms that dominate education, both at a K-12 level and at the university level. This behavior is uniquely tied to the social construction of Mexican American women as a threat to the United States because of their alleged hypersexuality and hyperfertility. Their ability to reproduce, biologically and culturally, means that young Mexican women must be able to show to white epistemic authorities that they have their sexuality and gender performance “under control.” However, even if they adopt this identity, their presence at the university is policed and regulated. As brown women, they are trespassers of a space that has historically been constructed as white and male. This results in students and faculty engaging in microaggressions that serve to Other the Mexican American women and erect new symbolic boundaries that maintain a racial and gender hierarchy in the university. While the students do not just accept these rules, adopting the identity of “good student, nice Mexican woman” limits how the students can defend themselves from microaggressions or challenge the racial and gender structure. Nevertheless, throughout this thesis I demonstrate that even within the constraints of the limited identity available to the students, they still resist dominant discourses and exercise agency to change their social situation. / text

Racial Queer is a qualitative study of Multiracial college students with a critical ethnographic component. The design methods, grounded in Critical Race Methodology and Feminist Thought (both theories that inform Critical Ethnography), include: 1) 25 semi-structured interviews of Multiracial students, 2) of which 5 were expanded into case studies, 3) 3 focus groups, 4) observations of the sole registered student organization for Multiracial students on Central University’s campus, 5) field notes and 6) document analysis. The dissertation examines the following question: How do Multiracial students understand and experience their racialized identities within a large, public, tier-one research university in Texas? In addition, it addresses the following sub-questions: How do Multiracial students experience their racialized identities in their everyday interactions with others, in relation to their own self-perceptions and in response to the way others perceive them to be? How do Multiracial students’ positionalities, as they relate to power, privilege, phenotype and status, guide their behavior in different contexts and situations? Using Holland et al.’s (1998) social practice theory of self and identity, Chicana Feminist Theory, and tenets of Queer Theory, this study illustrates how Multiracial college students utilize agency as racial queers to construct and negotiate their identities within a context where identity is both self-constructed and produced for them. I introduce the term, racial queer, to frame the unconventional space of the Multiracial individual. I use this term not to convey sexuality, but to convey the parallels of queerness (both as a term of empowerment and derogation) as they pertain to being Multiracial. In other words, queerness denotes a unique individuality as well as a deviation from the norm (Sullivan, 2003; Warner, 1993; Gamson, 2000). The primary purpose of this study is to illustrate the agentic ways in which Multiracial college students come to understand and experience the complexity of their racialized identity production. Preliminary findings suggest the need to expand the scope of racial discourses to include Multiracial experiences and for further study of Multiracial students. Their counter-narratives access an otherwise invisible student population, providing an opportunity to broaden critical discourses around education and race. / text

Utilizando estos métodos que resaltan un “énfasis en la entrevista cualitativa” para poder colectar las historias personales de los Braceros y sus familias, en esta tesis analizo las historias orales de mi familia que han sido transmitidas de generación en generación (Uribe et al.). Específicamente, me enfoco en las experiencias de cuatro generaciones: un Bracero (mi Bisabuelo Filiberto) y su esposa, sus hijos (es decir, mi Abuelita Luisa), sus nietos (mis padres), y su bisnieta (yo). El propósito de este enfoque en la memoria intergeneracional de las experiencias de mi Bisabuelo Filiberto y sus descendientes en el Programa Bracero es resaltar los efectos que el Programa Bracero ha tenido en múltiples generaciones de las familias involucradas en él.

The petroleum fuels are nonrenewable, are finites resources and its combustion produces many pollutants into the atmosphere. So, researches aiming alternative sources of energy have been increased. Vegetable oils seem to be a great alternative to produce biodiesel - a renewable fuel, non-toxic and releases fewer pollutants. The sunflower is a great oilseed for biodiesel production, because it can be planted in northeastern of Brazil during the rainy season. Biodiesel can be obtained by transesterification: reaction between vegetable and/or animal fat with shot chain alcohol in presence of catalyst. The aim of this work is to study the effect of the process variable in the production of biodiesel – agitation speed - and even equipment configuration, as characteristic impeller and presence or absence of chicanery in the reactor. For this, full factorial design 2 ³ was performed a resulting in eight experiments. The biodiesel was produced by the transesterification reaction from refined sunflower oil and anhydrous ethanol, and sodium hydroxide P.A. as catalyst. The following operating conditions were used: temperature of the thermostatic bath maintained at 70 °C; weight of catalyst of 1.5% by weight of oil; ratio between number of moles of oil ans ethanol of 1:10; and reaction time of 30 min. Prior to reaction, was performed to characterize the oil, as well as the characterization of biodiesel obtained after the reaction. It was observed that the presence of baffle contributed to obtain lower yields throughout the reaction. When used impeller 2 (turbine impeller with dimensions greater than those reported in the literature), higher yields were obtained at the beginning of the reaction. The stirring speed of 35o rpm contributed to higher yields were obtained at the beginning of the reaction. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Os combustíveis derivados do petróleo são não-renováveis, são fontes finitas e sua combustão emite muitos poluentes para a atmosfera. Com isso, têm aumentado as pesquisas por fontes alternativas de energia. Os óleos vegetais parecem ser uma ótima alternativa para obtenção de biodiesel - um combustível renovável, não-tóxico e que libera menos poluentes. O girassol é uma oleaginosa com potencial utilização para produção de biodiesel, podendo ser plantada no Nordeste brasileiro no período chuvoso. O biodiesel pode ser obtido através da transesterificação: reação entre gordura vegetal e/ou animal com álcool de cadeia curta, na presença de catalisador. O objetivo do presente trabalho é estudar o efeito da variável de processo na produção do biodiesel – velocidade de agitação - e ainda configuração do equipamento, como: característica do impelidor e presença ou não de chicana no reator. Para isso, foi realizado um planejamento fatorial completo 2³, resultando em 8 experimentos. O biodiesel foi produzido por reação de transesterificação a partir de óleo de girassol refinado e etanol anidro, tendo-se hidróxido de sódio P.A. como catalisador. Foram utilizadas as seguintes condições operacionais: temperatura de reação de 70 ºC; relação entre a massa de catalisador e a massa do óleo de 1,5%; relação entre número de mols óleo/álcool etílico de 1:10; e, tempo total de reação de 30 min. Previamente à reação, foi realizada a caracterização do óleo, bem como, a caracterização do biodiesel obtido após a reação. Foi observado que a presença de chicana contribuiu para a obtenção de menores rendimentos durante toda a reação. Ao ser utilizado o impelidor 2 (impelidor tipo turbina com dimensões maiores que aquelas citadas na literatura) foram obtidos rendimentos mais elevados no início da reação. A velocidade de agitação de 350 rpm contribuiu para que fossem obtidos maiores rendimentos no início da reação.

O objetivo desta dissertação é investigar o viés coletivo da autobiografia ficcional de Face of an angel, da escritora estadunidense e de origem mexicana Denise Chávez. Desse modo, o trabalho pretende discutir a sociedade chicana descrita sob a ótica da narradora/protagonista, Soveida Dosamantes, investigando desde o processo histórico de que é resultado, passando pela iniquidade entre os papéis desempenhados por homens e mulheres até chegar ao discurso autorreferencial com que a narradora/protagonista representa o ambiente cultural em que se insere. Antes da narrativa propriamente dita, há a árvore genealógica da narradora/protagonista, assinalando que o que vai se descortinar ao longo da leitura é uma saga de família. Assim, Soveida Dosamantes utiliza a sua ambiência doméstica, bem como a comunidade da fictícia cidade de Água Oscura, sua cidade natal, como recorte de uma estrutura social maior. Fazendo uso do discurso autobiográfico, a narradora/protagonista criada por Denise Chávez expõe as mazelas de uma comunidade que, em virtude ser produto do colonialismo e do neocolonialismo, perdeu sua identidade cultural. Em Face of an angel, através do relato em primeira pessoa de sua narradora/protagonista, a autora Denise Chávez reproduz o universo em que nasceu e cresceu. Cedendo a Soveida Dosamantes componentes autobiográficos como complicadas relações familiares, personagens femininas nativas que funcionam como sentinelas de práticas ancestrais que o domínio europeu apagou, personagens masculinos que mascaram sua fragilidade por trás de uma força e de um poder aparentes, Chávez representa em Face of an Angel o microcosmos de uma comunidade que vem, aos poucos, subvertendo o discurso oficial e conquistando o seu terreno no panorama político e social estadunidense / The present dissertation aims to investigate the collective hue of Face of an angel, a fictional autobiography by Mexican American writer Denise Chávez. Therefore, this research intends to discuss the Chicano society described under the lens of its narrator/protagonist, Soveida Dosamantes, investigating it since the historical process it resulted from, moving to the iniquity between mens and womens roles, and finally reaching the self-referential discourse with which the narrator/protagonist represents the cultural environment she is inserted in. Before the narrative itself, the reader is presented to the narrator/protagonists genealogic tree, signaling that what is going to develop throughout the novel is a family saga. Thus, Soveida Dosamantes makes use of her domestic ambience and also the community of the fictional town of Agua Oscura, her homeland, as the cutout of a major social framework. Employing autobiographical discourse, the narrator/protagonist created by Denise Chávez exposes the ills of a community that, as a product of colonialism and neocolonialism, has lost its cultural identity. In Face of an Angel, by means of the narrator/protagonists first person account, Denise Chávez reproduces the ethos she was born and grew up in. Endowing Soveida Dosamantes with autobiographical components such as complicated family relations, native women characters who work as gatekeepers of ancestral practices erased by European domination, as well as men characters who mask frailty underneath the appearance of strength and power, Chávez represents in Face of an angel a microcosm of a group which little by little has been subverting the official discourse and gaining terrain in the U.S. political and social panorama

Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Juliana Tófano de Campos Leite Toneli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Energia, 2014. / Os tanques com impulsores mecânicos são empregados nas indústrias químicas, petroquímicas, alimentícia, farmacêutica e mineral, como reatores químicos, diluidores, decantadores, misturadores e trocadores de calor. A transmissão de calor em tanques com agitação é realizada através das jaquetas, serpentinas helicoidais, serpentinas em espiral e chicanas tubulares verticais, sendo que existe uma carência de dados na literatura sobre a utilização das chicanas tubulares, em projetos em escala industrial. O presente estudo teve por objetivo principal comparar a transferência de calor e o consumo energético em tanques com impulsores mecânicos, axial e radial, equipados com chicanas tubulares verticais. Como objetivos específicos, o presente estudo visou determinar correlações semi-empíricas para o coeficiente convectivo no escoamento externo, em relação aos impulsores mecânicos utilizados em função dos parâmetros de similaridade Reynolds e Prandtl, e avaliar o efeito do impulsor mecânico sobre a potência consumida e a transmissão de calor. A unidade experimental consistiu, basicamente, de um tanque de acrílico com um volume útil de 50 litros, um impulsor mecânico axial, um impulsor radial tipo turbina, um motor elétrico de 2,5 hp e uma chicana tubular com 4 bancos de tubos de cobre. Os fluidos frios utilizados foram água e solução de sacarose com concentrações de 20% e 50% em massa. O fluido quente utilizado foi água à temperatura constante de 60°C e vazão de 1,2 LPM. Os ensaios foram realizados alternando as rotações na faixa de 90 a 330 RPM e a temperatura de entrada do fluido frio no intervalo de 28°C a 45°C. A potência consumida por ambos os impulsores mecânicos foi determinada a partir da técnica da medição do torque gerado no motor elétrico. O modelo obtido para a previsão do coeficiente externo de convecção, com o impulsor axial apresentou, um desvio médio de 21% e o modelo para o impulsor radial, um desvio médio de 25%. A partir dos modelos obtidos, verificou-se que o impulsor radial incrementa a transmissão de calor em 43% quando comparado com o impulsor axial. A rotação ideal para a maior transmissão de calor, durante o aquecimento das soluções, com o menor consumo de energia foi de 300 rpm. A partir das curvas simultâneas do número de potência e do número de Nusselt, conclui-se que o impulsor axial é o mais indicado para o aquecimento tendo em vista o seu baixo consumo de potência em relação ao impulsor radial. / EThe tanks with mechanical impellers are employed in chemical, petrochemical, food, pharmaceutical and mineral industries, as chemical reactors, thinners, decanters, mixers and heat exchangers. The heat transmission in tanks with agitation is performed through the jackets, helical coils, coils in spiral and vertical tubular baffles, considering that there is a lack of data in the literature on the use of tubular baffles, in industrial scale projects. The present study aimed to compare the main heat transfer and energy consumption in tanks with mechanical axial and radial impellers equipped with tubular vertical baffles. As specific objectives, this study aimed to determine correlations for convective coefficient in the external flow in relation to mechanical impellers used in function of Reynolds and Prandtl similarity parameters, and evaluate the mechanical effect on power consumption and heat transmission. The experimental unit consisted primarily of an acrylic tank with a useful volume of 50 liters, an axial mechanical and turbine type radial impeller, a 2.5 hp electric motor and a tubular chicanery with 4 banks of copper tubes. The cold fluids applied were water, and sucrose solution with concentrations of 20% and 50% by mass. The hot fluid applied was water at constant temperature of 60° C and a 1.2 LPM flow. The tests were carried out in the range of rotations by 90 to 330 RPM and the cold fluid inlet temperature in the range from 28° C to 45° C. The power consumed by both mechanical impellers was determined through the thechnique of measurement of the torque generated at electric motor. The model obtained for external coefficient prediction of convection with the axial impeller presented an average deviation of 21% and the template for the radial impeller, a standard deviation of 25%. From the models obtained, it was found that the radial impeller increases the transmission of heat in 43% when compared with the axial impeller. The ideal rotation for greater heat transfer during heating of the solutions with the lowest energy consumption amounted to 300 rpm. From the number of concurrent power curves and Nusselt number, it is concluded that the axial impeller is the most indicated for heating in view of its low power consumption compared to radial impeller.

During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Chicanas gradually began to politically organize. Through a significant focus on the political life of Francisca Flores and the CFMN, this thesis analyzes the specific political organizing tools she and other Chicana feminist leaders used during the decade between 1970 and 1980. Rather than evaluate the success or failure of the organizations, it instead examines the political methods they used including individual leadership, coalition building, community engagement, and art. It attempts to demonstrate that prominent Chicana feminist activists such as Flores, NietoGomez of Las Hijas de Cuauhtémoc and later Encuentro Femenil, former Brown Beret Gloria Arellanes, and Los Angeles based artist Judy Baca all used these methods in specific ways in order to promote the visibility of Chicana feminism and their communities, which has had an enduring legacy for the movement. Through a comparative analysis of these methods, this thesis illustrates how each of these figures and organizations developed a Chicana feminist movement that balanced grassroots and national organizing with a conscious commitment to visibility of community, rooted in intersectional theory.

O objetivo desta dissertação é investigar o viés coletivo da autobiografia ficcional de Face of an angel, da escritora estadunidense e de origem mexicana Denise Chávez. Desse modo, o trabalho pretende discutir a sociedade chicana descrita sob a ótica da narradora/protagonista, Soveida Dosamantes, investigando desde o processo histórico de que é resultado, passando pela iniquidade entre os papéis desempenhados por homens e mulheres até chegar ao discurso autorreferencial com que a narradora/protagonista representa o ambiente cultural em que se insere. Antes da narrativa propriamente dita, há a árvore genealógica da narradora/protagonista, assinalando que o que vai se descortinar ao longo da leitura é uma saga de família. Assim, Soveida Dosamantes utiliza a sua ambiência doméstica, bem como a comunidade da fictícia cidade de Água Oscura, sua cidade natal, como recorte de uma estrutura social maior. Fazendo uso do discurso autobiográfico, a narradora/protagonista criada por Denise Chávez expõe as mazelas de uma comunidade que, em virtude ser produto do colonialismo e do neocolonialismo, perdeu sua identidade cultural. Em Face of an angel, através do relato em primeira pessoa de sua narradora/protagonista, a autora Denise Chávez reproduz o universo em que nasceu e cresceu. Cedendo a Soveida Dosamantes componentes autobiográficos como complicadas relações familiares, personagens femininas nativas que funcionam como sentinelas de práticas ancestrais que o domínio europeu apagou, personagens masculinos que mascaram sua fragilidade por trás de uma força e de um poder aparentes, Chávez representa em Face of an Angel o microcosmos de uma comunidade que vem, aos poucos, subvertendo o discurso oficial e conquistando o seu terreno no panorama político e social estadunidense / The present dissertation aims to investigate the collective hue of Face of an angel, a fictional autobiography by Mexican American writer Denise Chávez. Therefore, this research intends to discuss the Chicano society described under the lens of its narrator/protagonist, Soveida Dosamantes, investigating it since the historical process it resulted from, moving to the iniquity between mens and womens roles, and finally reaching the self-referential discourse with which the narrator/protagonist represents the cultural environment she is inserted in. Before the narrative itself, the reader is presented to the narrator/protagonists genealogic tree, signaling that what is going to develop throughout the novel is a family saga. Thus, Soveida Dosamantes makes use of her domestic ambience and also the community of the fictional town of Agua Oscura, her homeland, as the cutout of a major social framework. Employing autobiographical discourse, the narrator/protagonist created by Denise Chávez exposes the ills of a community that, as a product of colonialism and neocolonialism, has lost its cultural identity. In Face of an Angel, by means of the narrator/protagonists first person account, Denise Chávez reproduces the ethos she was born and grew up in. Endowing Soveida Dosamantes with autobiographical components such as complicated family relations, native women characters who work as gatekeepers of ancestral practices erased by European domination, as well as men characters who mask frailty underneath the appearance of strength and power, Chávez represents in Face of an angel a microcosm of a group which little by little has been subverting the official discourse and gaining terrain in the U.S. political and social panorama

abstract: ABSTRACT As a response to the banning of Ethnic Studies in the Tucson Unified School district and other oppressing forces within the movement the students fighting HB 2281 created a Sacred Xicana Space. In this thesis I will examine the role that protest art has in the fight against HB2281. I will also analyze its role in cultural expression, identity and representation. The research question guiding this research is What role does protest art have in social justice? Specifically I will analyze the cultural production of protest art against HB 2281, the ethnic studies ban in Tucson Arizona, and its role in cultural expression, identity and representation. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Social Justice and Human Rights 2014

Latinas in college are systematically disadvantaged and face many unique stressors and adversities such as race-related discrimination and family stress; however, perceived availability of social support has been shown to have positive effects on students, such as positively influencing adjustment and academic persistence. In an effort to determine what factors help Latinas thrive in college, an experimental study with a 2x2 factorial design is proposed to investigate if in the face of adversity, does peer support/community preserve the thriving of Latinas in college. Community is defined by sense of membership and validation, and both will be manipulated in the in-lab community experience through a confederate (race of the confederate x support offered). The results are expected to show that main effects in the influence of validation on thriving and main effects in the influence of sense of membership on thriving. Furthermore, an interaction is predicted such that the effect of being validated depends on whether or not the confederate is Latina. It is also predicted that participants will feel a higher sense of communality with Latina students than Latinx students. The proposed study works to add to the small body of literature that highlights ways to help underrepresented students in higher education, rather than simply investigating factors that work to their detriment. The implications of the research are to work to legitimize community as a form of self-care and support, so that institutions help foster and support Latina communities on college campuses.