Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur socialsekreterare upplever att de kan tillgodose barns behov vid familjehemsplaceringar. För att nå syftet har fem kvalitativa intervjuer genomförts med socialsekreterare anställda på socialtjänsten vars arbete är kopplat till placeringsförfaranden. Resultaten visar att socialsekreterare upplever att de inte kan tillgodose barnens alla behov, utan man behöver göra en bedömning om vad som är viktigast. Barns åsikter och önskemål blir lyssnade på men faller ofta bort då andra behov bedöms vara viktigare. Resultaten visar även att det är stor brist på familjehem vilket får socialsekreterarna att uppleva att de måste nöja sig med en matchning som är ”good enough” och hoppas på att placeringen blir bra ändå. Viljan att tillgodose barns behov finns medan möjligheten att göra det är begränsad. / The purpose of this study was to investigate how social workers experience their possibility to meet children’s needs in the work with foster home placement. Five qualitative interviews have been held with social workers within the social services, whose work is related to foster care placements. The results show that social workers experience that they are not able to meet all children’s needs, and therefore they have to value what need is more important than other. Children’s voice and requests are being listened to but are not always being considered as important as the other needs. The result also shows that there is a great shortage of foster homes which makes social workers feel that they have to settle for a match that is “good enough” and hope that everything goes well. The desire to meet every child’s needs is there, but the possibility to do that is limited.

The thesis is structured into the theoretical part, which deals with the needs of children in relation to the pre - school facility garden. Large part is aimed to movement and play. Thesis also deals with natural gardens and a list of natural game elements. The practical part describes in detail the current state and equipment of the school garden belonging to the faculty pre - school facility called Sluníčko pod střechou which is connected to Faculty of Education of Charles University. The analysis of the conditions of this garden is based on research methods of direct observation, questionnaire survey with teachers, and then method of interview with the school head. Furthermore, this part of the thesis is also devoted to research aimed at finding out what children's ideas about the equipment of this garden are. The research was based on the work of children with a pre - prepared research tool. Research has shown that the teachers are happy with the current look of the garden. They would only add to it some small gaming elements. Children like elements that are part of the current garden design. They prefer them to the new modern ones. From the point of view of small toys and aids, the conditions of the kindergarten are less suitable. Children mainly mentioned things that are not a regular part...

<p>Då BBIC mötts av både positiv och negativ kritik ifrågasätter författarna vad BBIC gör för barnen. Syftet är att, utifrån behandlarens syn, undersöka vad BBIC bidragit till då det gäller att stärka barnets ställning och öka rättssäkerheten inom socialtjänstens öppenvård. Frågeställningarna rör barns behov, delaktighet, att få sin röst hörd, förändringar i behandlarens arbete samt innehållsskillnader i dokumentationen. Detta har undersökts genom en kvalitativ metod där sex intervjuer genomförts med behandlare inom barn- och familjeenheten. I resultatet framkommer bl.a. att behandlarnas situation inte förändrats nämnvärt, de har alltid haft stort fokus på barnen. Vidare har det visat sig att utredarna nu träffar barnen i större utsträckning och att barnen omnämns mer i utredningarna. Däremot anses det varken att deras röst blivit mer hörd eller att delaktigheten ökat och många barn är inte ens medvetna om de beslut som tagits. Bl.a. anses det oftast vara vuxna personers bild av barnets behov som ligger till grund för utredningarna. Kritik uttalas också gällande socialsekreterarnas bristande barnkunskap, men BBIC:s fördjupningsteman beskrivs vara till god hjälp för att kompensera detta. BBIC anses också ha bidragit till ökad rättssäkerhet och att insatsen nu kan börja redan under utredningen, uttalas vara av stor vikt.</p> / <p>BBIC have had both positive and negative criticism and the authors questioned what BBIC does for the children. The purpose is to examine, from social workers view, what BBIC does to strengthening the children’s position and enhance legal security in the outpatient care of social service. Issues are dealing with children's needs, participation and changes in the social workers work and differences in documentation. A qualitative method has been used and six interviews were done. The result reveals that social workers situation hasn’t change because they have always had focus on children. Furthermore, it appears that the social secretaries now see the children more often and that they are mentioned more in the investigations. However, children are almost never listened too, their participation hasn´t increased and many of them aren’t even aware of the decisions made about them. It’s usually the adults view of the child's needs that underlies the investigations. Criticism was also directed against the social secretaries because their lack of knowledge about children, but BBIC:s documents about child development are described as helpful to compensate for this. Because of BBIC treatment can start earlier and social workers believes that BBIC can lead to better legal security.</p>

Då BBIC mötts av både positiv och negativ kritik ifrågasätter författarna vad BBIC gör för barnen. Syftet är att, utifrån behandlarens syn, undersöka vad BBIC bidragit till då det gäller att stärka barnets ställning och öka rättssäkerheten inom socialtjänstens öppenvård. Frågeställningarna rör barns behov, delaktighet, att få sin röst hörd, förändringar i behandlarens arbete samt innehållsskillnader i dokumentationen. Detta har undersökts genom en kvalitativ metod där sex intervjuer genomförts med behandlare inom barn- och familjeenheten. I resultatet framkommer bl.a. att behandlarnas situation inte förändrats nämnvärt, de har alltid haft stort fokus på barnen. Vidare har det visat sig att utredarna nu träffar barnen i större utsträckning och att barnen omnämns mer i utredningarna. Däremot anses det varken att deras röst blivit mer hörd eller att delaktigheten ökat och många barn är inte ens medvetna om de beslut som tagits. Bl.a. anses det oftast vara vuxna personers bild av barnets behov som ligger till grund för utredningarna. Kritik uttalas också gällande socialsekreterarnas bristande barnkunskap, men BBIC:s fördjupningsteman beskrivs vara till god hjälp för att kompensera detta. BBIC anses också ha bidragit till ökad rättssäkerhet och att insatsen nu kan börja redan under utredningen, uttalas vara av stor vikt. / BBIC have had both positive and negative criticism and the authors questioned what BBIC does for the children. The purpose is to examine, from social workers view, what BBIC does to strengthening the children’s position and enhance legal security in the outpatient care of social service. Issues are dealing with children's needs, participation and changes in the social workers work and differences in documentation. A qualitative method has been used and six interviews were done. The result reveals that social workers situation hasn’t change because they have always had focus on children. Furthermore, it appears that the social secretaries now see the children more often and that they are mentioned more in the investigations. However, children are almost never listened too, their participation hasn´t increased and many of them aren’t even aware of the decisions made about them. It’s usually the adults view of the child's needs that underlies the investigations. Criticism was also directed against the social secretaries because their lack of knowledge about children, but BBIC:s documents about child development are described as helpful to compensate for this. Because of BBIC treatment can start earlier and social workers believes that BBIC can lead to better legal security.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur socialarbetare inom socialtjänsten i en kommun beskriver sitt arbete med barn och föräldrar där barn upplevt våld inom familjen.  Frågeställningarna handlade om hur barn görs delaktiga i socialtjänstens arbete och vilket stöd barn och föräldrar erhåller. Fem socialarbetare intervjuades utifrån en tematiserad intervjuguide och vinjett. De teoretiska perspektiven som användes i analysen var systemteori och risk- och skyddsfaktorer.  Resultatet visade på att barn är delaktiga i socialtjänstens arbete genom att de ges information och erbjuds samtal utifrån barnets behov.  Det framkom även att det finns ett helhetstänk inom socialtjänsten då både barn och föräldrar erbjuds stöd i familjer där barn upplevt våld. Dessutom visade resultatet på att socialtjänsten kan hjälpa till att utveckla det sociala nätverket hos familjerna. / The aim of this thesis was to study how social workers in social services in a municipality describe their work with children and parents in families where children have experienced violence within the family. The research questions concerned how children participate in social service work and what support children and parents receive. Five social workers were interviewed with a thematised interview guide and a vignette. The theoretical perspectives applied in the analysis were the systems theory and risk and protective factors. The results showed that children participate in social service work by being given information and support based on their needs. It also emerged that social services applied an overall policy of offering support to both children and parents in families where children have experienced violence. The results furthermore showed that social services can help families develop their social network.

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the entire gastrointestinal tract in all its layers.The theoretical part deals with the characteristics of the disease, its causes, symptoms, complications, treatment and psychological aspects. It also touches on the needs of children and communication with a chronically ill child.At first, this work set out to achieve two goals: mapping the provision of nursing care to children with Crohn's disease in hospitals and determining the impact of Crohn's disease on the everyday life of a child. A third goal, gathering respondents' views on the possibilities of community nurses in collective institutions, was encountered during the research and was added.The empirical part was carried out using qualitative research method using semi-structured interviews both with health professionals working at pediatric wards, as well as children with Crohn's disease and their parents.Survey results show that children with Crohn's disease come in contact with health workers at various departments of health facilities. The most common early symptoms of Crohn's disease in children included abdominal pain, diarrhea with blood or mucus and failure to thrive. The most common areas affected were the gastrointestinal tract, the small intestine, the colon in one case and the rectum in another.Some workers did not know which tests or treatments their hospital prescribes to the children.They report pain as the main nursing challenge, but this did not reflect in nursing practice.In all departments, except one, there was no material on Crohn's disease, which would have been helpful to the workers.Interviews with children and parents, as well as with health workers confirmed that the disease has a socio-cultural impact on the child and those around it. The results of this diploma thesis were presented at three conferences and will be published.

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka socialsekreterares erfarenheter av hur barns behov och vårdnadshavares samtycke påverkar barnavårdsutredningars arbete och beslut. Studiens tidigare forskning behandlar bedömningar och beslut, samtycke och samarbete med föräldrar, barnets bästa och behov, barnets och föräldrars rättigheter samt socialsekreterares förutsättningar. Studien genomfördes med semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex socialsekreterare från två svenska kommuner, baserat på ett bekvämlighetsurval utifrån ett målstyrt urval. Resultaten visar att socialsekreterarna anser att deras bedömningar av barns behov inte påverkas av vårdnadshavares samtycke. Dock anses beslut om insatser påverkas av vårdnadshavares samtycke, så länge det inte finns skäl för tvångsåtgärder. Socialsekreterarna identifierar bemötande, motivationsarbete, kunskap om arbetets möjligheter och arbetslivserfarenhet som viktiga framgångsfaktorer. Socialsekreterarna upplever organisatoriska begränsningar, resursbrist, en negativ syn av socialtjänsten hos vårdnadshavare samt att rådande lagar är bristfälliga och motstridiga som viktiga motgångsfaktorer. Med grund i studiens resultat dras slutsatsen att vårdnadshavares samtycke kan väga tyngre än barns behov i barnavårdutredningars beslut och att barnets bästa därmed inte alltid har högsta prioritet. Det dras även slutsatsen att det finns mycket som kan begränsa socialsekreterare i deras arbete, men att det också finns många möjligheter inom dessa begränsningar som socialsekreterare kan arbeta utifrån. / This study aims to investigate social workers' experiences of how children's needs and parental consent influence assessments and decisions in child welfare investigations. The study's previous research addresses assessments and decisions, consent and cooperation with parents, the best interests and needs of the child, the rights of children and parents, and the conditions for social workers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six social workers from two Swedish municipalities, using a convenience sample based on purposive sampling. The results show that social workers believe their assessments of children's needs are not influenced by parental consent. However, decisions regarding interventions are considered influenced by parental consent, provided there are no grounds for compulsory measures. Social workers identify treatment of clients, motivational work, knowledge of work opportunities, and work experience as key success factors. They see organizational limitations, resource shortages, negative perceptions of social services by guardians, and inadequate and conflicting laws as key obstacles. Based on the study's results, it is concluded that parental consent can outweigh children's needs in child welfare investigation decisions, and thus the best interest of the child is not always top priority. It is also concluded that while there are many limitations in their work, there are also numerous opportunities within these constraints that social workers can utilize.

1 ABSTRACT The diploma thesis, "Specifics of education of children from a children's home" has a theoretical and empirical character and it is focused on the education of primary school pupils who are placed in a children's home. The first, theoretical part, gathers expert knowledge related to the social and legal protection of children and selected cases where the rights of the child are not respected. It describes institutions operating in institutional and protective education, which are under control of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic. It captures the negative effects of institutional education on the child. In the context of inclusive education, it characterizes a pupil from an orphanage as an endangered child with special educational needs. The purpose of the theoretical part was to describe, on the basis of professional literature, the most common obstacles that a pupil from a children's home encounters (or may face) during education and what are their causes. Outline the life situation of a pupil from an orphanage. The second, empirical part, contains the results of a qualitative survey, the aim of which was to map the supporting network of cooperating actors involved in the education of children from a particular children's home in order to find out who is involved...

När barn börjar i förskolan kan det innebära en stor omställning där barnen får möjligheter till att skapa nya relationer. Relationerna som utvecklas i förskolan kommer att ligga till grund för barns välbefinnande. Syftet med studien är att undersöka och bidra med kunskaper om hur pedagoger arbetar för att stödja trygga relationer/anknytning till barn i åldern 1–3 år, samt hur pedagoger svarar på barns behov av trygghet i utforskandet under leksituationer. Två kvalitativa metoder tillämpades; strukturerade icke-deltagande observationer, samt semistrukturerade intervjuer. Anknytningsteorin tillämpades genom en tematisk analysmetod. Resultatet i studien visade att pedagogernas strategier var grundläggande för hur trygga relationer ska utvecklas till barnen. Pedagogerna tillämpade och berättade att den viktigaste strategin var lyhördhet, närvaro och anpassningsbarhet för att möta barnens kontaktsökande. Vår slutsats är att pedagogernas relationsarbete visade sig ha betydelse för barns välmående och för barns lek. Förskollärarna synliggör anknytningens olika aspekter som beskrivs vara grundläggande i hur barns relationer utvecklas, alla barns relationer ser olika ut och utvecklas på olika sätt. Vidare tar även förskollärarna upp hur viktigt det är att relationsskapandet ska ske på barns villkor för att en trygg relation ska vara möjlig. / When children start preschool, it involves a big adjustment where the children get opportunities to create new relationships. The relationships that develop in preschool will form the basis of the child's development and their well-being. The purpose of the study is to examine and contribute knowledge about how preschool teachers work to promote safe relationships with children in the age of 1–3 years old, as well as how preschool teachers respond to children's needs for security in the exploration during free play. Two qualitative methods were applied: structured non-participatory observations, as well as semi-structured interviews. The attachment theory was applied through a thematic analysis method. The results of the present study showed that the preschool teachers strategies were fundamental of how secure relationships should develop to the children. The preschool teachers applied and said that the most important strategy was sensitivity, presence, and adaptable preschool teachers to meet the children's contact-seeking. Our conclusion is that the preschool teachers relationship work proved to be important for children's well-being and for children's play. The preschool teachers describe the various aspects of attachment that are fundamental in how children's relationships develop. All children's relationships look different and develop in different ways. The preschool teachers want to highlight that the relationship must take place on the child's terms in order so a secure relationship can be possible.

This thesis deals with actual topic in the Czech Republic - pre-school education of children younger than three years in kindergartens. With regards to social, health educational and family policies development, education and care of children under three years of age have shifted to kindergartens. The aims of this thesis are to describe recent changes concerning family, current state of pre-school education system in the Czech Republic with regard to children younger than three years of age needs and analyze and specific these needs by a contemporary young child. On such substantial data base we would like to define specific conditions of pre-school education of such young children. To follow the aims, an inquiry was conducted to examine whether or not the needs of children younger than three years are fulfilled at some kindergartens. Following that, the inquiry outputs from individual school have been compared to one another and to a model of an optimal praxis of a pre-school institution. Based on this thesis outcomes it is obvious that pre-school education of children of age up to three years in kindergartens is possible. In further detail, to maintain current quality of pre- school education also in case of inclusion of such children into kindergartens it is necessary to adopt specific legal...