The aim of the study has been to see if parent- youth relations have an impact on teenagers bullying behaviour and whether we can find any differences between boys and girls. To study this field we have used a quantitative approach using materials from Stockholmsenkäten 2014. In order to analyse the material we have used cross tables, indexes and multivariate cross tables analysis with associated significance test. In this study the attachment theory has been used. The results indicate that parent- youth relations seems to have an impact on teenagers bullying behaviour. The teenagers who bully others are more likely to have a bad parent- youth relations characterized by an insecure attachment to their parents. The opposite tends to apply for those who do not expose others to bullying, these teenagers usually have a good parent- youth relations where they have a secure attachment to their parents. Furthermore the result also indicate that the nature of the parent- youth relations along with if the adolescents expose others to bullying did not differ between boys and girls.

No description available.

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

Recent studies have shown significant improvements in the attachment security of adult therapy clients during therapy, supporting Bowlby's theory that such improvement can be influenced by secure-base caregiving provided by mentors such as therapists. However, because these studies did not measure the secure-base variable, its relationship to client attachment development remains unknown. The present study is the first to evaluate that relationship by measuring clients' pre and posttherapy attachment security using the Relationship Scales Questionnaire and therapists' secure-base caregiving using the Client Attachment to Therapist and Working Alliance Inventory, Short Form. Of 21 initially insecure client participants, 17 experienced high levels of secure-base caregiving from their therapists (the SBC-High group) while 4 experienced low levels (the SBC-Low group). Comparison of pre and posttherapy group mean attachment scores, using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, found a statistically significant improvement (a = .01) in attachment security for the SBC-High group with no statistical change in attachment security for the SBC-Low group. These findings suggest that therapists and other mentors can positively influence the attachment development of their insecure mentees. Purposeful incorporation of this knowledge into the design and goals of existing graduate and professional mentoring programs can positively influence regenerative social change by promoting the attachment security of approximately one third of mentees expected to be insecurely attached, based on demographic studies. Improving their attachments can equip them to positively influence the attachments of all their future insecure clients who, like them, might then realize the multiple benefits associated with attachment security.

Studien har syftat till att få en förståelse för familjehemsföräldrars perspektiv på anknytning och vad de menar att det finns för svårigheter och möjligheter gällande anknytning för barn som placeras i familjehem. Studien berör även hur relationen mellan barn och familjehemsförälder förändras över tid och hur samspel mellan barn och familjehemsföräldrar, barn och de biologiska föräldrarna och barnets tidigare erfarenheter kan påverka anknytningen. Studien är kvalitativ och bygger på intervjuer med sex familjehemsföräldrar. Bowlbys anknytningsteori har använts för att analysera det empiriska materialet och studien har en hermeneutiskt ansats. Familjehemsföräldrarnas upplevelser tolkas som att barn kan skapa en trygg anknytning till dem och att de kan utgöra en trygg bas för placerade barn. Familjehemsföräldrarna menar att en trygg anknytning rör både yngre och äldre barn. Samspelet mellan familjehemsföräldrar, barn och de biologiska föräldrarna påverkar anknytningen och ibland uppstår situationer som är svåra att förhålla sig till för såväl familjehemsförälder, barn som de biologiska föräldrarna. Av familjehemsföräldrarnas resonemang framkommer att såväl barn som familjehemsförälder kan drabbas av separationsångest, vilket i sin tur påverkar anknytningens kvalitet. Barnets bakgrund och tidigare erfarenheter påverkar den anknytning som barnet skapar till sin familjehemsförälder. De uppföljningar som görs enligt socialtjänstlagen (SFS 2001:453), där socialnämnden minst var sjätte månad ska överväga om vården ska fortgå, menar familjehemsföräldrarna skapar svårigheter att knyta an till barnen fullt ut. Uppföljningarna skapar en oro för att separeras för både familjehemsföräldrar och de placerade barnen. / The aim of the study is to gain an understanding of foster parent's perspective on attachment and which opportunities and difficulties there is with the attachment for children in foster care. The study is also describes the way the relationship between the child and foster parent changes over time and how interaction between children and foster parents, child and the biological parents and the child's past experiences can influence the attachment. The study has a qualitative method and is based on interviews with six foster parents. Bowlby's attachment theory has been used to analyze the empirical material and the study has a hermeneutic approach. Foster parent’s experiences give us an understanding that children can create a secure attachment to them and that they can provide a safe base for the children. Foster parents believe that the secure attachment is the same for both younger and older children. The interaction between foster parents, child and the biological parent’s affects the attachment and sometimes situations arise that are difficult to relate to for foster parent, child and birth parents. It is found that children as well as the foster parents can suffer from separation anxiety, which can affect the quality of the attachment. The child’s background and past experiences affect the attachment that the child creates to the foster parent. The study also shows that the follow-ups that are induced by the Social Services Act (SFS 2001:453), every six months for the social services committee to consider whether the treatment should be continued, create difficulties for foster parents to fully attach to the child. It creates a fear of separation for both the foster parents and the children.

No description available.

Denna studie vill undersöka hur svenska och finska pedagoger beskriver anknytning och inskolning samt hur de förbereder och arbetar med inskolning av nya familjer till förskolan och vad pedagogerna anser som hinder i ämnet. Syftet fokuserade på att få kunskap om hur inskolningspraktiker genomfördes, hur pedagogerna resonerade om detta, deras val av pedagogiska metoder vid arbetet kring anknytning. Studien använde sig av fenomenografi för att studera människors uppfattningar om ämnet. Jag ville undersöka ”vad de vet” om ämnet och hur de förstår det. För att besvara frågeställningen genomfördes en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer för att ta reda på pedagogernas uppfattningar i ämnet dessa intervjuer genomfördes i ett öppet samtal där de fick plats att styra samtalet till vad de menar som viktigt. Intervjuerna genomfördes med totalt sju pedagoger från Sverige och Finland. Resultaten visade att pedagogerna beskriver anknytning på ett liknande sätt men det skiljer sig i hur de arbetar med inskolning och vilka förutsättningar de har beroende på olika faktorer ex lagar och samhällsnormer. De arbetade även olika med hur man bjuder in föräldrarna i verksamheten, men alla pedagogerna såg föräldrarna som en tillgång vid inskolningsmomentet. Slutsatserna kan användas som inspiration till att genomföra nya studier kring ämnet då mer vetenskap behövs kring detta forskningsfält.

Trygg-bas scripts är mentala anknytningsrepresentationer som bildas och utvecklas hos individen utifrån dess samvaro med anknytningsperson(er). Studiens syfte var att undersöka förekomst av idrottsrelaterade (tävlings) script och sambandet mellan trygg-bas styrka i barnens eventuella sporttävlingsscript, trygg-bas generellt och koherens i barnets anknytningsrepresentation. Dessutom söktes förståelse för barns och föräldrars involvering och upplevelse av barnets idrottsaktivitet. Föräldrapress undersöktes från både barn- och föräldraperspektiv. Slutligen diskuterades samband mellan barnets anknytning och föräldrapress. Barnen testades för scriptkunskap (Secure Base Script Test, SBST; Psouni & Apetroaia, 2011), samt blev intervjuade (Friends and Family Interview, FFI; Steele & Steele, 2005). Idrottsenkäter besvarades av barn och föräldrar. Idrottsaktiva skolbarn i åldern 9-12 år (N = 86) och föräldrar (N = 74) deltog. Nivåerna av föräldrapress är låga, dock något högre sett från barnens perspektiv. Signifikanta, negativa korrelationer mellan trygg anknytning och föräldrapress rapporteras. Föräldrarnas sensitivitet och/eller barnens balanserade emotionssystem kan vara förklaringar. Samband mellan barnens generella trygg-bas scripts och ett sporttävlingsscript rapporteras. Scriptkunskap för att tackla sporttävlingar var högre för trygga än för otrygga barn (F(1,40) = 5.05, p = .03, partiell η2 = .11). Vilket tyder på att tryggt anknutna barn har en trygg-bas kunskap som är nyttig i idrottssituationer, vilket framhäver anknytningsteorins relevans för sportpsykologi. / Secure base scripts are mental attachment representations that develop in the individual during interactions with caregiver(s). In the study we assessed the importance of attachment representation coherence, scripted attachment knowledge and, for children’s scripted knowledge of coping in a sports competition. Besides, a sport enquiry investigating children’s and parental involvement and experience in the child’s sports activities. Parental pressure from both the child and parents perspective was evaluated. Finally, any connection between the child’s attachment and parental pressure was discussed. Children were interviewed (Friends and Family Interview, FFI; Steele & Steele, 2005) and, tested for scripted attachment knowledge (Secure Base Script Test, SBST; Psouni & Apetroaia, 2011). Sports questionnaires were answered by children and parents. School children active in sport, 9-12 years (N = 86) and parents (N = 74) participated. The level of parental pressure is low seen from both the child and parents perspective, anyhow, the children reporting a slightly higher level of pressure. Significant, negative correlations between secure attachment and parental pressure are reported. Parental sensitivity and/or the secure children’s balanced emotional system might be explanations. Scripted knowledge of coping in sports competitions predicted by children’s scripted attachment knowledge (SBST) is reported. Scripted knowledge of coping in sports competitions was higher for Secure than for Insecure children (F(1,40) = 5.05, p = .03, partial η2 = .11). Our findings suggest that securely attached children have an overarching secure base knowledge which is particularly useful in sports situations, thereby highlighting the relevance of attachment theory for sports education and sports psychology.

Attachment theory which emphasizes the importance of the mother infant bond and its&rsquo / crucial role in determining multiple cognitive, emotional, and behavioral factors later in life, is gaining popularity in all domains of psychology. However, both in terms of conceptualization and methods of assessment, there is no consensus among the domains and this debate encourages researchers to develop new assessment methods to resolve the issue. The current study focused on the Turkish adaptation of the most recently developed unobtrusive measure of attachment: The Knowledge of Secure Base Script-Prompt Word Outline Method (KSBS) which aims to assess the degree of knowledge about the secure base script. For this purpose, four different studies were conducted each of which assesses the reliability and the validity of KSBS with varying samples and certain premises of the attachment theory were tested to validate KSBS. Accordingly, internal consistency, test-retest reliability and interrater reliability of KSBS was established. Addittionally, discriminant validity of KSBS was established presenting no relation with intelligence and certain socio-demographic variables as gender, age, education, and marital status. Also, consistent with the premises of the attachment theory, results revealed that among surgery patients the ones with lower KSBS score would display more state anxiety after the surgery than the ones with higher KSBS score. Similarly, psychiatric patients were shown to have considerably lower KSBS score than a control group with no psychiatric history. Lastly, the present study found that KSBS is correlated with perceived social support and coping strategies. Specifically, positive correlation was found between KSBS and perceived social support from friends, family, and significant others, and problem solving coping. Negative correlation was found between the helplessness and KSBS score. The expected and unexpected results of the study were discussed within the relevant literature, shortcomings of the current study, clinical implications and suggestions for future research were proposed.

This study evaluates the predictive capacity of sociodemographic variables of the mother over the level of maternal secure base scripts. The participants were 83 mothers from 15 to 45 years old (M = 24.72, SD = 8.70).The level of maternal secure base was evaluated through the Narratives of Adult Attachment (Waters & Waters, 2006). The results show that the participants do not have an adequate level of secure base script. It was found that interaction between the age of the mother and the educational attainment level, partly explains the level of the maternal secure base script (R2 = .19). The protector role of the level of educational attainment for older mothers to have a higher level of secure base scripts isproposed. / Este estudio evalúa la capacidad predictiva de variables sociodemográficas de la madre sobre sus guiones de base segura. Participaron 83 madres de 15 a 45 años de edad (M =24.72, DE = 8.70). El nivel de base segura materno fue evaluado a través de las Narrativas de Apego Adulto (Waters & Waters, 2006). Los resultados muestran que las participantes no cuentan con un adecuado nivel de base segura. Se encontró que la interacción entre la edad y el nivel de instrucción materno explica en parte el nivel de base segura de las madres (R2 =.19). Se postula el rol protector del nivel de instrucción para que las madres mayores, tengan un mayor nivel de base segura en sus guiones. / Esta pesquisa avalia a capacidade preditiva das variáveis sócio-demográficas da mãe, a partir de seu script de base segura. Participaram 83 mães com idades entre 15 e 45 anos (M = 24.72, DE = 8.70). O nível de script de base segura materno foi avaliado através das Narrativas de Apego Adulto (Waters & Waters, 2006). Os resultados mostram que as participantes não apresentam um nível adequado de base segura. Encontrou-se que a interação entre idade e grau de instrução da mãe explica, em parte, o nível de base segura das mães (R2 = .19). Propõe-se que um grau de instrução maior constituiria um papel protetor nas mães mais velhas, para elas apresentarem maior nível de base segura nos seus scripts.