This research investigated personal clothing purchasing practices of upper elementary school children in relation to: grade level, sex, race, socioeconomic status, mothers' employment, and types of clothing acquired. One hundred ninety-one fourth and seventh graders from rural Virginia completed a questionnaire in June, 1982. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test of independence and Cramer's V or Phi tested the strength of the relationships. Three-fourths of the respondents shopped regularly for clothing and one-half had bought clothing without an older person present. When purchasing clothing independently, one-half of them used their own money. Students were more independent of elders when purchasing less expensive items. The findings which were statistically significant indicated seventh graders were more independent than fourth graders. More of them had purchased garments without their parents present, paid for them with their own money and liked to shop. They tended to buy clothing with only one parent present and make their own decisions about clothing purchases. Boys were more independent than girls. More males shopped without their parents and paid for clothing with their own money. Girls tended to shop with more than one person present. More black respondents shopped for clothing with both parents and others present and were influenced by their friends in their clothing purchases. The largest proportion of the white students bought clothing with one parent only and more of them paid for clothing with their own money and made decisions alone about purchases. No statistically significant differences were found for socioeconomic status or the mothers' employment in relation to any of the variables. / Master of Science

The purpose of this study was to gather insights about the thoughts, feelings, and knowledge children had about the skill of throwing. Interviews, conducted with 54 children enrolled in two different schools, served as the primary data collection source. Information concerning their knowledge of the biomechanical throwing cues was gathered using a written test. The children were involved in two different physical education programs. One physical education program was taught using the skills theme approach and the other used a traditional approach. Questions guiding the study included asking the children how they felt about how they were learning to throw, what they liked and disliked about their throwing experiences in their physical education classes, and how important they thought it was to learn to throw. Children were also asked to describe and demonstrate the correct way to throw a ball. Assertions were formed using interpretive research. These assertions framed and organized the results section of the study. Results indicated that the children taught using the skills themes approach were more knowledgeable about the skill of throwing and they attributed their throwing knowledge to their physical education teacher. The children taught using a traditional approach showed little knowledge about throwing and they relied on others, not their physical education teacher, to teach them about throwing. Additional results revealed that all of the children said throwing was an important skill to learn and the way to improve throwing performance was to practice. Implications for teaching throwing are offered. / Master of Science

For thousands of students this year alone, taking the physical fitness tests will be as much a part of the annual school routine as is the first day of school, lunch, and standardized tests in the classroom. Given this, it becomes relevant to gain some insights into what students think, feel, and know about these tests. For example, do students know why they take the test items? How to improve their performance on the test items? What do they think about taking the tests? Do students who perform well on the tests think differently than those who don't? To answer questions like the above, 54 students in the fourth and fifth grades from two different schools were interviewed two-at-a-time using a semi-structured interview format. Interviews with physical education and other school staff were also conducted to provide for multiple sources of data (triangulation). Audiotaped interviews were transcribed, numbered line-by-line, and analyzed according to qualitative methods. Assertions were developed which were supported by the data. Results indicate that most students have an incomplete, concrete understanding of the purposes and concepts pertaining to the physical fitness tests. Teacher's urging or encouraging behaviors during test administration have a large effect on students feelings about taking the tests, and many times students, especially those who tend to score poorly on the tests, receive negative feedback from their peers in the form of ridicule and embarrassment. / Master of Science

Thesis (MScSportSc) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine whether or not inclusion opportunities would improve the attitudes of children with disabilities and children without disabilities towards inclusion in physical activities. A total of 75 pre-and 71 post-test questionnaires were completed. Thirty-nine pre-test and 37 post-test questionnaires were completed by participants with disabilities and 36 pre-test and 34 post-test questionnaires were completed by participants without disabilities. All participants were pre-tested by means of questionnaires presented to them prior to each inclusion opportunity and were post-tested by means of questionnaires presented to them on the day of the inclusion opportunity, once the event was completed. All questionnaires were developed by the researcher and have not been used previously for any other study of this kind. Results revealed that: 1. Attitudes in both the participants without disabilities and participants with disabilities changed after attending the inclusion opportunities. 2. There was a reduction in negative attitudes in both participating groups towards inclusion in physical activities. 3. Participants associated the inclusion opportunities with positive categories such as enjoyment, friendship and play. 4. There was a positive response to suggestions of participation in future inclusion opportunities. Based on the results determined, it was concluded by the researcher that inclusion opportunities do improve attitudes of children with and children without disabilities towards participating in inclusive activities, specifically physical activities. Further research in South Africa should however be conducted to determine the long-term effects of participation in inclusion opportunities on children with and without disabilities. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal of inklusiewe geleenthede die gesindhede van kinders met gestremdhede en kinders sonder gestremdhede kon verbeter met betrekking tot die beginsel van inklusiewe onderrig. 'n Totaal van 75 pre- en 71 post-toetse is gevoltooi. Nege en dertig pre-toetse en 37 post-toetse is deur deelnemers met gestremdhede voltooi en 36 pretoetse en 34 post-toetse deur deelnamers sonder gestremdhede. Aile deelnemers is vooraf getoets deur middel van vraelyste wat voltooi is voor die aanvang van elke geleentheid. Na die voltooing van elke geleentheid het aile deelnemers weer 'n vraelys voltooi. Die vraelyste is deur die navorser ontwikkel en is nog nooit voorheen gebruik vir hierdie tipe studie nie. Resultate van hierdie studie het aangetoon dat: 1. Gesindhede van kinders met gestremdhede en van kinders sonder gestremdhede het verbeter na deelname in hierdie geleenthede. 2. Daar was 'n vermindering in negatiewe houdings van kinders met gestremdhede en kinders sonder gestremdhede na insluiting in hierdie gemeenskaplike aktiwiteite. 3. Deelnemers het hierdie gesamentlike geleenthede geassosieer met postitiewe ervarings soos genot, speel en nuwe vriendskappe. 4. Daar was positiewe voorstelle van deelname in verderer gesamentlike geleenthede. Na aanleiding van hierdie resultate, is dit duidelik dat inklusiewe fisieke aktiwiteitsgeleenthede die gesindhede van kinders met en kinders sonder gestremdhede, positief van beinvloed. Verdere navorsing om die langtermyn effek van inklusiewe geleenthede op Suid-Afrikaanse kinders met en sonder gestremdhede te bepaal, sal egter steeds nodig wees.

The purposes of this study were to apply a model of achievement-related behaviors to a sample of eighth-grade girls and to ascertain whether this theoretical model continued to describe girls' internal beliefs regarding mathematics.

The problem for this study was to enhance the development of higher order thinking skills and improve attitudes toward computers for fifth and sixth grade students. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a Technology Enriched Classroom on student development of higher order thinking skills and student attitudes toward the computer. A sample of 80 sixth grade and 86 fifth grade students was tested using the Ross Test of Higher Cognitive Processes. The Ross Test was selected because of its stated purpose to judge the effectiveness of curricula or instructional methodology designed to teach the higher-order thinking skills of analysis, synthesis and evaluation as defined by Bloom. The test consisted of 105 items grouped into seven subsections. In addition, the students were surveyed using the Computer Attitude Questionnaire developed by the Texas Center for Educational Technology. The questionnaire assessed sixty-five questions combined to measure eight attitudes.

The purposes of this study were threefold: (1) to examine the effects of time spent on CAI on student attitudes, (2) to examine the effects of time spent on CAI among ability groups, and (3) to determine whether initial attitudes would be maintained throughout a school year, and if not, determine variables associated with an attitude shift.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to improve my teaching practice, as well as my second grade students' success with two-digit addition concepts, by allowing them to choose the manipulative tools to explore problems and justify solutions. I examined how allowing my students this choice influenced their attitudes, achievement, and explanations of their thought processes. I found that allowing students to choose their own manipulatives had positive influences in all three areas. Pre- and post-test results showed an overall shift toward more positive mathematics attitudes, as well as increased academic achievement with two-digit addition concepts. Students also demonstrated changes in the ways they used the manipulatives, as well as how they explained their solutions to two-digit addition problems.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-06-15T12:33:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lívia Fernandes Bomfim.pdf: 1246247 bytes, checksum: 88f733c8ab9828aedd4ac8a88c9a9d30 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-15T12:33:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lívia Fernandes Bomfim.pdf: 1246247 bytes, checksum: 88f733c8ab9828aedd4ac8a88c9a9d30 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The Good Behavior Game is a behavior management technique that has its effectiveness proven in changing various behavioral cathegories, on groups of different ages, in various settings, over 50 years of research. It is based in the division of the participants in teams, in the punctuation or withdrawal of points of these teams given the occurrence of inappropriate or unwanted behaviors and in the awards of the teams that have reached a certain score. This study investigated the changes in the occurrence of engagement and non-engagement on the task behaviors of 26 students of the 2nd year of Elementary School in a Brazilian public school, given the application of a positive variation of the Good Behavior Game, in which the teams are scored by the occurrence of appropriate behaviors. The students were divided into four teams and were scored by the teacher if all the members were following the rules: respect the teacher and colleagues, have good manners, do the homework and speak quietly. The results showed an increase in the occurrence of the engagement behaviors and a decrease in the occurrence of non-engagement. The results of this research base the recommendation of using the positive variation of the Good Behavior Game in Brazilian schools because it is an easy-to-implement technique that demands little or no monetary resources, requires minimal response cost in its application and is based on the use of positive reinforcement, rather than aversive control, with its participants / O Good Behavior Game é uma técnica de manejo de comportamentos que teve sua eficácia comprovada no que se refere à alteração de diversas categorias de comportamento, com grupos de diversas faixas etárias e em diversos settings de aplicação ao longo de 50 anos de pesquisa e baseia-se na divisão dos participantes em times, na pontuação ou retirada de pontos destes dada a ocorrência de comportamentos inadequados ou indesejados e na premiação dos times que tenham alcançado determinada pontuação. Este estudo investigou as alterações na ocorrência de comportamentos de engajamento e não-engajamento na tarefa de 26 alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública brasileira dada a aplicação em sala de aula de uma variação positiva do Good Behavior Game, na qual pontua-se os times pela ocorrência de comportamentos adequados. Os alunos foram divididos em quatro times e eram pontuados pela professora num quadro caso todos os integrantes estivessem seguindo as regras: respeitar a professora e os colegas, ter bons modos, fazer a tarefa de sala e falar baixo. Os resultados mostraram aumento na ocorrência dos comportamentos de engajamento e diminuição na ocorrência nos de não-engajamento. Os resultados dessa pesquisa embasam a recomendação do uso da variação positiva do Good Behavior Game nas escolas brasileiras por ser uma técnica de fácil implementação, que demanda pouco ou nenhum recurso monetário, requer um investimento de tempo mínimo na sua aplicação e se baseia no uso de reforçamento positivo, e não de controle aversivo, sobre seus participantes