Nos anos 90, no Sertão de Pernambuco, foram encontradas duas crianças que viviam como animais. Elas passaram aproximadamente sete anos em cativeiro. No momento do resgate as crianças estavam desnutridas e famintas, não andavam como bípedes, não falavam, emitiam apenas grunhidos. Nesse trabalho, resgatamos a história de vida dessas crianças antes, durante e após o confinamento. Mostramos também a existência de outras crianças que viveram de forma parecida em todo o mundo. Discutimos a causa da privação sociocultural. Descrevemos e analisamos o processo de ressocialização desses sujeitos, no que se refere à linguagem / During the 90 decade, at the brazilian state of Pernambuco wilderness, two children were founded living like animals. They had passed seven years in captivity. At the ransoms moment, the children were emaciated and starving, they didnt walk like biped and didnt talk, just emited grunts. At this research, the authoress released this childrens life history before, while and after the confinement. It was also presented the existence of others children in the world who lived at the same condition. At this study, there was a discussion concerning the cause of this sociocultural deprivation. Finally, there was another discussion and analyze about the impact of ressocialization process at the language development

A Multimodalidade em narrativas orais é objeto de estudo desta pesquisa, sendo relevante no sentido de que os recursos multimodais são propiciadores da produção de sentidos em narrativas orais infantis. Desse modo, este trabalho propõe investigar os recursos multimodais que favorecem a produção de sentidos em narrativas orais infantis. Fundamentamos nossa pesquisa na perspectiva do funcionamento multimodal da linguagem, respaldados em McNeill (2000), Kendon (1982, 2000), Cavalcante (1999, 2009), Fonte (2011) e Fonte et al (2014), e nos estudos sobre narrativas orais e literatura infantil, com as contribuições de Marcuschi (2003), Bettelheim (1979), Matos (2009), Franz (1981), Sisto (2012), Abramovich (2000), Gillig (1999). A metodologia foi de caráter qualitativo, natureza observacional do tipo estudo de caso. Para a coleta de dados, participaram sete crianças de uma escola da rede de ensino municipal da cidade do Recife, matriculadas no segundo ano do ensino fundamental. Um conto clássico adaptado da literatura infantil e um conto inédito foram gravados em áudio e, posteriormente, apresentados para as crianças em dois momentos distintos. Após ouvir os contos pela segunda vez, as crianças recontaram cada um deles. Os recontos foram filmados para serem transcritos através do software ELAN (Eudico Linguistic Annotator), que possibilita registrar fala e gestos simultâneos. Selecionamos como categoria de análise o plano verbal e plano gestual, que compõem o envelope multimodal, adotado por Ávila Nóbrega (2010) e Fonte (2011). Sabemos que o primeiro contato da criança com o texto é o falar, o ouvir, o sentir, o enxergar com os olhos do imaginário. Com a análise dos dados, concluímos que, nas narrativas dos contos, houve a predominância da produção verbal associada às gesticulações. Porém, no conto clássico, observamos maior variedade de gesticulações e mais detalhes na narrativa em virtude da sedimentação dos recursos multimodais na história mais conhecida. No conto contemporâneo, constatamos limitações das informações nas narrativas e maior escassez gestual, talvez por não ser conhecido pelas crianças.

Thesis (MTech(Education))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009 / When a child enters formal education a certain level of development and experience is expected. If there is a language deficit or shortfall upon entering formal schooling, a negative perception of schooling can develop, resulting in a low level of success in the classroom. Research has clearly shown that learners with a hearing deficit, and who received very little stimulation at an early age, tended to develop a language deficit which hampered their entrance into, as well as their performance in mainstream education. The ideal is thus that a child should experience success in the learning process at the earliest possible stage. Hereupon he can develop and realise his full potential as a human being. Children who experience early success should be more capable of coping with the challenges that schooling and learning present. If these learners receive early intervention to support their language development it could lead to being more successful in mainstream education. Learners with a cochlear implant must receive intensive hearing and communicative training. They are taught how to effectively interpret the sound relayed by the implant, and thereafter, if possible, be able to use this "hearing ability" to enter into interactive spoken language. Motivation and support from parents, family and friends is a determining factor in the successful use of the implant. This should lead to a learner being able to reach his full potential. From the research conducted it has become evident that the language deficit retrogression of the child leads to under-achievement when formal schooling begins.This is because of different hearing difficulties. However, if such a pre-school child is assisted and supported at an early stage through effective intervention strategies, language deficit can be decreased or even completely cured. In this study a learner who had received a cochlear implant, was closely observed. A significant improvement in his language ability was evinced. The action research study was an individualised teaching and learning situation with a learner who had a cochlear implant and with a language deficit. Over a period of 19 months different intervention strategies were used to improve the learner's language ability. The intervention strategies which were successful can be used as a possible point of departure for further research and study to give educators and parents a better insight into this problem. Through intensive research these findings can be developed as a possible support system or methodolgy for educators in the inclusive classroom.

M. Ed. (Educational Psychology) / The aim of this study was to determine whether any significant differences exist in the oral language usage of disadvantaged children and that of children from middle to upper socio-economic groups. The study was limited to Afrikaans-speaking children from the junior primary phase. The nature of these differences were also investigated...

The study records and examines the play, language of Brazilian children in the Recôncavo area of the state of Bahia in Northeast Brazil, using an ethnographic-linguistic approach based on fieldwork, there in 1973-1974. The Recôncavo is a fairly narrow strip of land surrounding the Bay of All the Saints, with its social and economic focus at Salvador, the capital of Bahia state. Play, language and lore are studied in the context of the history and social background of the Recôncavo, one of the earliest Indian-inhabited areas to be settled and colonised by the Portuguese, and one of the most densely African-populated once the Portuguese began to import negro labour to Brazil from Africa, a practice which spanned some three hundred years. Other factors examined are the continuing influences of European immigration at social levels and more recent cultural links with the United States. Children's spontaneous play and imitative behaviour are classified and discussed as far as this is possible but the writer concentrates largely on more organised games detailing and commenting on the procedures and language involved, and, where relevant, indicating parallels and similarities in European and African games, as well as indigenous customs as far as these have been recorded. To facilitate discussion and comparison these into game preliminaries, games of speed and skill, duelling games and tests of strength, games of reflex control, forfeits and guessing, pretending, make-believe and acting games, progressing through infant rhymes and recreations to sung circle games and dramatic dialogues and sketches. Language as popularly employed by children outside their games is then examined and children's riddles and their use of poetic, language are discussed in two subsequent chapters, Popular juvenile lore and the language and practices associated with it are then studied: the writer first details in chronological order a number of recurring popular festivals in which children are particularly involved and then examines occasional customs and beliefs. The terminology employed in games is listed alphabetically in an appendix with explanations in English. There is also an appendix of game, names with chapter references.

Doctorat en sciences psychologiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Parents and professionals are concerned about the long-term effects of language problems on later academic, communicative and behavioral functioning of children. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of level of language impairment with type of class placement, reading achievement, and social emotional functioning. Subjects were 19 children, aged 4 years, 10 months through 10 years, 4 months, who had previously been enrolled in a preschool language development program. Statistical analyses were performed on data from the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC), Test of Early Reading Ability (TERA), and the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBC). Results do not support a relationship between level of language impairment and academic or social/emotional functioning.

D.Ed. (Educational Psychology) / This study is concerned with the acquisition of language skills by the learning disabled child. A thorough literature survey was conducted, in which the acquisition of both the oral language and the written word were investigated. The survey reveals the importance of certain prerequisites for the mastering of language skills. The research also identifies the causes for and consequences of delay in language development. As a result of this survey, the importance of auditory perceptual skills in the acquisition of reading and spelling performances is emphasized in the design of a model for language acquisition. This survey was conducted to design a model for the acquisition of language skills, with special emphasis on auditory perception. Auditory perception skills are used as aids in the reading process to acquire the necessary skills to decode unfamiliar words in the text to be read. In the design of the model attention was given to the relevant and important matters as described in the literature, as well as to some didactical principles in the teaching of the learning disabled. The design of the model is based on the guidelines as deduced from the description as found in the literature, as well as the investigator's own empirical experience for a number of years in the teaching of identified learning disabled children in an aid class of the TED. This model was applied with great success on a group basis in an aid class at a primary school. It was also successfully applied on a great number of children in need of individual remedial teaching. The applicability and value of the model are verified by an ideographic survey conducted on the pupils in the aid class. A case study on six pupils is described in the thesis and the expected improvement in reading and spelling performance is verified.

This dissertation investigates articulatory characteristics of English /I/ in child speech. The study is primarily based on experimental data collected using ultrasound imaging techniques from eight English children ages 3;11 to 5;9. Replicating previous articulatory studies of syllable-based allophones of /I/ in adult speech production, the articulatory components of III in child speech production are analyzed for the static information and relative timing between tongue movements. Secondarily, the acoustic analysis of this data and its perception judgments by adults are presented.' One of the major findings of this study is that children at these ages produce /I/ using different spatial and temporal coordination than adult speech production, although some children produce /I/ more similar to adult /I/ in terms of articulatory organization. Further, the findings are addressed in relation to speech motor development, and hypotheses are tested to see which motor developmental process(es) (differentiation, integration, refinement) can describe the acquisition of /I/. The ultrasound results of the tongue movements in children's /I/ indicate that all general motor developmental processes are active in these children, and the spatial and temporal coordination of the articulatory gestures of /I/ is rather simplified or modified, and needs to be further refined. I argue that the tendency toward late acquisition of /I/ is due directly to the articulatory complexity of its spatial and temporal characteristics. This work contributes much-needeid empirical data of the articulatory characteristics of /I/ to both language acquisition and speech sciences and constitutes a novel application of ultrasound imaging to child speech research. Organization of this dissertation is as follows. Subsequent to the overall introduction of the study in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 presents the empirical background and hypotheses for the study. It reviews speech and developmental studies in production and perception conducted by other researchers, and proposes empirical questions. Chapter 3 provides the methodology for the study. It introduces ultrasound techniques and experiment design and procedure. Chapter 4 presents the results of the spatial characteristics of the children's /I/ in terms of number of gestures, tongue shape, constriction location, and allophonic variation with respect to different syllable positions. Chapter 5 discusses the results of the temporal characteristics of the children's /I/ gestures. Inter-gestural timing of allophones of /I/ is examined to determine whether timing distinguishes positional allophones in these children's speech. Chapter 6 provides post-experiment perception judgments made by adults, and acoustic analysis of samples of tokens used in the current study. Finally, Chapter 7 summarizes the results and discusses the implications of the dissertation. / Arts, Faculty of / Linguistics, Department of / Graduate

The focus of this study was three fold. First, modeling and feedback were investigated as a training package for social interactions between siblings. Second, the effects of social phrases taught to the sibling with autism were investigated. Third, the magnitude of these social phrases was measured by timing duration of parallel play. The experimental design is an A-B-A1-A2 design conducted in a clinic, with a probe for generalization in the home environment. This intervention was replicated across an additional sibling dyad to indicate its effectiveness. This study ascertained that the sibling with autism was a viable participant in learning new social skills that could function as a behavioral cusp and increase sibling interactions.