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University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Portuguese

The dissertation examines the close but overlooked relationship between male poetry societies and the sharp rise of literary courtesans in the late Ming. I attempt to identify a particular group of men who devoted exclusive efforts to the promotion of courtesan culture, that is, urban dwellers of prosperous Jiangnan, who fashioned themselves as retired literati, devoting themselves to art, recreation, and self-invention, instead of government office. I also offer a new interpretation for the decline of courtesan culture after the Ming-Qing transition. / Chapter 1 provides an overview of the social-cultural context in which late Ming courtesans flourished. I emphasize office-holding as losing its appeal for late Ming nonconformists who sought other alternative means of self-realization. Chapter 2 examines the importance of poetry by courtesans in literati culture as demonstrated by their visible inclusion in late Ming and early Qing anthologies of women's writings. Chapter 3 examines the life and poetry of individual courtesans through three case studies. Together, these three chapters illustrate the strong identification between nonconformist literati and the courtesans they extolled at both collective and individual levels. / In Chapter 4, by focusing on the context and texts of the poetry collection of the courtesan Chen Susu and on writings about her, I illustrate the efforts by both male and female literati in the early Qing to reproduce the cultural glory of late Ming courtesans. However, despite their cooperative efforts, courtesans became inevitably marginalized in literati culture as talented women of the gentry flourished. / This dissertation as a whole explores how male literati and courtesans responded to the social and literary milieu of late Ming Jiangnan to shed light on aspects of the intersection of self and society in this floating world. This courtesan culture was a counterculture in that: (1) it was deep-rooted in male poetry societies, a cultural space that was formed in opposition to government office; (2) in valuing romantic relationship and friendship, the promoters of this culture deliberately deemphasized the most primary human relations as defined in the Confucian tradition; (3) this culture conditioned, motivated, and promoted serious relationships between literati and courtesans, which fundamentally undermined orthodox values.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [584]-599).

This thesis analyses education and upbringing of children in China during the rule of the Qing dynasty and it concretely focuses on poetry, mainly the anthology Three Hundred Tang Poems. The thesis is based on the overall characterization of traditional education in China, how it is described in contemporary literary science, and more specifically it concentrates on the anthology of verses which was intended for educating children in the intellectually developed households. The paper consists of two main parts. The first part discusses aspects of the traditional Chinese educational system. The second part in detail introduces the above-mentioned anthology, its historical formation, content and an analysis of its themes. A conclusion aims to answer the question of role of the poetry in the Chinese educational system and to summarise approaches for teaching poetry. Keywords: Tang shi sanbai shou 唐詩三百首, Chinese poetry, Traditional Chinese Education

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陳美亞. / "2004年6月". / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2004. / 附參考文獻. / 附中英文摘要. / "2004 nian 6 yue". / Chen Meiya. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2004. / Fu can kao wen xian. / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節 --- 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 「徐庾體」硏究槪況 --- p.2 / Chapter 第三節 --- 硏究旨趣 --- p.10 / Chapter 一 --- 硏究動機和方法 --- p.10 / Chapter 二 --- 徐、庾父子詩文的流傳狀況和選用版本 --- p.12 / Chapter 第二章 --- 「徐庾體」的產生背景及定名 --- p.17 / Chapter 第一節 --- 「徐庾體」的產生背景 --- p.17 / Chapter 一 --- 梁代好文的風氣 --- p.17 / Chapter 二 --- 追求新變的文壇風¯‘ة --- p.22 / Chapter 三 --- 對文學創作臨界點的探索 --- p.26 / Chapter 四 --- 對聲律辭采的追求 --- p.27 / Chapter 第二節 --- 「徐庾體」的得名及其所涵蓋的範圍 --- p.35 / Chapter 一 --- 「徐庾體」所指涉的人物 --- p.35 / Chapter 二 --- 「徐庾體」所包括的文類 --- p.38 / Chapter 三 --- 「徐庾體」所代表的作品 --- p.46 / Chapter 章節附錄 --- 庾信集中的前期作品 --- p.52 / Chapter 第三章 --- 「徐庾體」詩歌的特色 --- p.57 / Chapter 第一節 --- 題材多樣化 --- p.57 / Chapter 一 --- 宴飲歌舞 --- p.59 / Chapter 二 --- 詠物寫景 --- p.61 / Chapter 三 --- 羈旅送別 --- p.62 / Chapter 四 --- 閨怨行旅 --- p.63 / Chapter 第二節 --- 隸事 --- p.65 / Chapter 第三節 --- 對仗 --- p.67 / Chapter 第四節 --- 聲律 --- p.72 / Chapter 一 --- 「徐庾體」中平仄的特殊形式 --- p.78 / Chapter 二 --- 「徐庾體」詩歌的黏對狀況 --- p.88 / Chapter 三 --- 平頭、上尾、蜂腰、鶴膝的病犯 --- p.90 / Chapter 四 --- 用韻 --- p.92 / Chapter 五 --- 各種詩體的形成 --- p.98 / Chapter 第五節 --- 風格多樣，以綺艷爲主 --- p.109 / Chapter 一 --- 綺艷 --- p.109 / Chapter 二 --- 纖穠 --- p.114 / Chapter 三 --- 淸新 --- p.119 / Chapter 章節附錄一 --- 「徐庾體」詩歌內容題材分類 --- p.127 / Chapter 附錄二 --- 「徐庾體」五言八句及五言四句詩律化程度 --- p.130 / Chapter 第四章 --- 「徐庾體」與「宮體」比較硏究 --- p.134 / Chapter 第一節 --- 「宮體」的定名和發展 --- p.134 / Chapter 一 --- 「宮體」與「徐庾體」出現的時間、地點和人物 --- p.134 / Chapter 二 --- 徐搞的「宮體」與蕭綱的「宮體」 --- p.135 / Chapter 三 --- 「宮體」廣、狹兩義 --- p.141 / Chapter 第二節 --- 「宮體」詩風的特色 --- p.142 / Chapter 一 --- 以女性爲描寫刻劃的對象 --- p.142 / Chapter 二 --- 詩風輕艷 --- p.148 / Chapter 三 --- 聲律諧協 --- p.155 / Chapter 第三節 --- 「徐庾體」與「宮體」的同異 --- p.158 / Chapter 第五章 --- 「徐庾體」詩歌對後世的影響 --- p.166 / Chapter 第一節 --- 初唐對「徐庾體」的承革 --- p.167 / Chapter 一 --- 文學觀念的反撥 --- p.167 / Chapter 二 --- 文學創作 --- p.175 / Chapter 第二節 --- 初唐以後的「徐庾體」 --- p.182 / Chapter 第三節 --- 五律定體 --- p.184 / Chapter 第六章 --- 結語 --- p.187 / 參考書目 --- p.188 / 論文附錄 / 附錄一 「徐庾體」五言八句及四句平仄聲韻詩的平仄、黏對、病犯和用韻 --- p.1 / 附錄二蕭綱五言八句及四句平聲韻詩的平仄、黏對、病犯和用韻 --- p.48 / 附錄三歷代詩話論徐庾 --- p.68

本文是第一部專以清初陶學為研究對象的論文，擬從文人的情懷、詩學的演變、詩歌的用意、意象的運用、注本的闡釋等多角度概述清初陶學的全貌。在方法上，筆者除分析當時文人對陶淵明的評論外，還選取了清初四十家身份不同的文人，比較他們詩作中運用的陶淵明典故，探討他們對「陶淵明形象」的塑造與取捨，並以歷史背景為線索，梳理陶淵明意象在清初文人心目中地位的差異與其變化。 / 基於上述的研究，筆者認為以往學術界把清初陶學只理解為「忠憤」的表現是不夠全面的，尤其是清初關於陶淵明的討論，除了遺民文人有熱烈的參與外，非遺民文人亦有相當數量的研究，而且他們之間還存在着不少的交流，互相回應。正因如此，清初和陶風氣盛極一時，並且出現了一種嶄新、「反其致」的和陶現象--〈反乞食〉詩。 / 這種借用陶淵明的意象互相交流與回應，更多反映在詩歌方面。清初文人借讀陶、評陶、和陶等方法抒發他們於易代間的鬱悶。這種詩歌世界，重現了陶淵明筆下的桃源，在這裏，他們「不知有漢，無論魏晉」，思想上可以暫時脫離現實的痛苦，悠然人間。這也使得清初《陶集》評注本的編撰，一改南宋以來十卷本的「全集」形式，而偏重於四卷本，只收錄詩作的體制。 / The author intends to discuss the reception of Tao Yuanming in the Early Qing Dynasty from the aspects such as the emotions of poets, the changes of poetics, the intentions of poetries, the poetic imageries and the differences of the editions. And, it is the first work focusing solely on the reception of Tao Yuanming in the Early Qing Dynasty. Regarding the research methods, this dissertation not only studies the critiques through the existed methods, but also analyses the existed materials in a different manner. By comparing the literary allusions of Tao Yuanming’s life of 40 scholars lived in Early Qing who had different social background, the thesis discusses how these people constructed the images of Tao Yuanming and how they selected from Tao’s qualities. The thesis also tries to sort out the different attitudes of Tao among scholars of Early Qing and its changes with regard to the historical context. / Based on the research, the author finds out that the existed understanding of the reception of Tao Yuanming in the Early Qing, which focuses on the leftover citizen’s aspect, and which portrays Tao image as a rebellion was largely incomplete. Apart from the vigorous discussions regarding the images of Tao among the leftover citizen, the non-leftover citizen also discussed Tao with great enthusiasm. Under this circumstance, a new form of He Tao Shi(和陶詩) “poems written to match Tao’s , was found in opposite mode in order to response to those leftover citizen. / By appropriation of Tao’s images in their communication and responding each other especially in poems, scholars lived in Early Qing expressed their uneasiness and pain as in the change of the regime through reading, commentary and writing of Tao’s collections. Thus, this special kind of poem allowed the Early Qing scholars to escape from the distress of the reality to an ideal world, a typical example of which was “Peach-Blossom Spring created by Tao Yuanming. This tendency reflected in the editions of Tao’s works in Early Qing Dynasty that Tao’s poems received much attention while other forms of works were not included in the collections of works. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 梁樹風. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 331-376) / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Liang Shufeng. / 提要 --- p.I / 目錄 --- p.III / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節 --- 研究範圍 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 研究旨趣 --- p.7 / Chapter 第三節 --- 相關文獻回顧 --- p.14 / Chapter 第四節 --- 論文架構與研究方法 --- p.17 / Chapter 第二章 --- 清初陶學背景 --- p.24 / Chapter 第一節 --- 明清易代與文人「生死」的抉擇 --- p.24 / Chapter 第二節 --- 陶淵明生存方式對清初文人的啟示 --- p.29 / Chapter 第三節 --- 清初文人寄情陶淵明的表現 --- p.37 / Chapter 第四節 --- 清初遺民的逃禪與蓮社之約 --- p.56 / Chapter 第三章 --- 清初詩學與陶詩評價的關係 --- p.91 / Chapter 第一節 --- 清初詩壇尋「真」對陶詩評價的影響 --- p.91 / Chapter 第二節 --- 清初「詩史」的重視與陶淵明甲子紀年之義 --- p.115 / Chapter 第三節 --- 清初田園詩的復興與陶淵明田園詩內涵的解讀 --- p.130 / Chapter 第四章 --- 清初的擬陶、集陶與和陶 --- p.151 / Chapter 第一節 --- 清初擬陶與集陶的表現與陶文詩意的賞讀 --- p.152 / Chapter 第二節 --- 清初和陶詩的表現與其意義 --- p.162 / Chapter 第三節 --- 清初擬陶、和陶的觴濫--陶淵明〈酒二十首〉 --- p.169 / Chapter 第四節 --- 清初的「反乞食詩」 --- p.184 / Chapter 第五章 --- 清初的陶淵明意象與繪事 --- p.206 / Chapter 第一節 --- 清初陶淵明與菊的意象與繪事 --- p.207 / Chapter 第二節 --- 清初桃源的意象與繪事 --- p.228 / Chapter 第六章 --- 清初《陶集》評注本 --- p.257 / Chapter 第一節 --- 《陶淵明集》版本源流與清初的《陶淵明集》 --- p.257 / Chapter 第二節 --- 清初的《陶淵明集》注釋 --- p.277 / Chapter 第三節 --- 清初《陶集》評注的特色 --- p.319 / Chapter 第七章 --- 結論 --- p.328 / 參考書目 --- p.331 / Chapter 附錄一 --- 清初文人詩作用陶淵明典故語句輯錄 --- p.1 / Chapter 附錄二 --- 清初文人用陶淵明典故的創作時間與數量分佈 --- p.105 / Chapter 附錄三 --- 歷代書目所錄《陶淵明集》 --- p.106 / Chapter 附錄四 --- 宋代《陶集》注本研究 --- p.119 / Chapter 附錄五 --- 清初文人和陶詩附表 --- p.147

方秀瑩. / "2008年1月" / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2008. / 參考文獻(p. 128-135). / "2008 nian 1 yue" / Abstract also in English. / Fang Xiuying. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2008. / Can kao wen xian (p. 128-135). / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節 --- 沈德潛的生平及學詩歷程 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 沈德潛詩論硏究槪況 --- p.3 / Chapter 第三節 --- 硏究目的及方法 --- p.7 / Chapter 第二章 --- 沈德潛對李杜詩的品評 --- p.8 / Chapter 第一節 --- 沈德潛論李白詩 --- p.8 / Chapter 1. --- 李白詩的宗旨 --- p.9 / Chapter 2. --- 李白詩的體裁 --- p.16 / Chapter 3. --- 李白詩的風格 --- p.22 / Chapter 4. --- 李白詩的詩法 --- p.26 / Chapter 5. --- 小結 --- p.29 / Chapter 第二節 --- 沈德潛論杜甫詩 --- p.30 / Chapter 1. --- 杜甫詩的淵源 --- p.32 / Chapter 2. --- 杜甫詩的宗旨 --- p.43 / Chapter 3. --- 杜甫詩的體裁 --- p.52 / Chapter 4. --- 杜甫詩的風格 --- p.56 / Chapter 5. --- 杜甫詩的題材 --- p.67 / Chapter 6. --- 杜甫詩的詩法 --- p.78 / Chapter 7. --- 小結 --- p.85 / Chapter 第三章 --- 沈德潛兼宗李杜詩的意義 --- p.87 / Chapter 第一節 --- 移易詩壇風氣 --- p.87 / Chapter 第二節 --- 提升人格素質 --- p.90 / Chapter 第三節 --- 全面的詩體觀 --- p.94 / Chapter 第四節 --- 兼重詩才與學力 --- p.98 / Chapter 第五節 --- 格調中包容神韻 --- p.100 / Chapter 第四章 --- 沈德潛李杜詩論的影響 --- p.107 / Chapter 第一節 --- 沈德潛的弟子及同里的詩論 --- p.107 / Chapter 第二節 --- 《唐宋詩醇》與沈德潛詩說之關係 --- p.115 / Chapter 第三節 --- 桐城派繼承沈德潛詩說考 --- p.118 / Chapter 第四節 --- 蘇文擢《說詩晬語詮評》及其詩學觀述評 --- p.121 / Chapter 第五章 --- 結語 --- p.126 / 參考書目 --- p.128 / 附錄：沈德潛選李杜詩詩目 --- p.136 / 《唐宋詩醇》引沈德潛李杜詩論輯錄 --- p.154 / 高步瀛引沈德潛李杜詩論輯錄 --- p.159