University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities / Department of Chinese

University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities / Department of Chinese

杜甫詩是中國古典文學的經典，其經典地位奠定於有宋一代。本文以宋代詩話為考察對象，分析文學批評和杜詩經典化的關係，主要內容如下： / 首先，本文將討論文壇領袖對杜詩的讚賞，如何演化為整個文壇的普遍觀念。文中指出蘇軾和黃庭堅是杜詩的發明者，二人對杜詩的評價，得到宋詩話的熱烈回應，意義不斷得到擴展和深化，由個人詮釋演化為宋人的集體認知，從而確立了杜詩的典範性。蘇軾「一飯未嘗忘君」的評語，經由詩話的討論和闡釋，最終令杜詩得「詩中六經」的評價。黃庭堅「無一字無來處」的評語，也促使詩話研究杜詩出處和用事手法蔚為風氣，不僅確立了杜甫好用事的特徵，也使杜詩成為宋詩風格的模範。 / 其次，本文探討宋代政治和文化背景對宋人接受杜甫的影響。在「李杜優劣」此一議題上，杜詩得到凌駕李白的地位，批評家看重詩歌內容的社會意義多於藝術性，反映唐宋人期待視野的轉移。宋人對杜甫「詩史」的讚譽，也與宋型文化和南宋戰禍連年有密切關係。宋詩話特別重視杜甫和安史之亂有關的詩作，因為安史之亂與宋代歷史背景有不少相似之處，宋人藉著詮釋杜詩的義理，投射了對胡人的痛恨、戰亂中的自傷之情和淑世理想。宋人憑藉認同杜甫，達至自我認同；通過詮釋杜詩，而完成自我呈現。杜甫在安史之亂中的遭遇，使他成了盛唐詩人中最能引發宋人共鳴者，也為宋人的詮釋提供了前提。宋詩話慣以比興和用事手法解釋杜詩，也使杜詩的詮釋空間擴大，更能貼合宋人的情感寄託。 / 此外，本文就宋詩話的本質和批評形式，如何在一定程度上掌握文學經典化的權力進行探討。詩話是新興於宋的詩歌批評形式，「摘句批評」和「論詩辨體」是其慣用的表達方式。在詩話的批評形式下，宋詩話出現了以杜詩為中心的價值取向：評估杜詩的價值，展示杜詩的多元性，樹立杜詩的正統意義，確立杜詩較他人優勝的觀念，凸顯學杜之必要。詩話的批評形式確立了杜詩經典化的重要價值，又憑藉詩話的詩法指導功能，規範了時人的價值判斷和創作。 / 最後，本文考察杜甫在宋代唐宋詩之爭的詩統建構中所處的位置。「宋詩」詩統藉著「一祖三宗」的論述，加強和杜甫的連繫，鞏固自身的正統地位。「唐詩」詩統同樣以杜甫為正統，其論述反而著重否定「宋詩」和杜甫的關係。唐、宋詩同樣以杜甫為正統，使杜詩超然於後世受唐宋詩之爭，對杜詩經典價值的延續有深刻意義。 / Since its inception in the Song Dynasty, Du Fu 杜甫 ’s poetry has been firmly regarded as a canon in the field of classical Chinese Literature. The process of which, however, has not been clearly examined. Based on Song Dynasty’s Remarks on Poetry 詩話, this thesis is devoted to analyzing the relationship between literary criticism and canonization of Du’s poems. / First, this thesis discusses how literary leaders’ commendation on Du’s poetry has become the general view of the Song literati. It particularly highlighted the evaluations of Du’s poems from Su Shi 蘇軾 and Huang Ting-jian 黃庭堅. Their comments were widely quoted and re-interpreted by subsequent authors of Remarks on Poetry, which confirmed and reinforced the importance of Su and Huan’s thoughts. The transition from Su and Huang’s personal interpretation to becoming a widely-held view amongst the literati, affirmed the canonical status of Du’s poetry. Through discussion and interpretation by Remarks on Poetry, Su’s comments on Du Fu as “a ever-loyal official 一飯未嘗忘君 contributed to the commendation on the Du’s poems as “Six works of the Confucian Canon in poetry 詩中六經. Huang commented Du’s poetry as “not a single word [in them] does not have its sources 無一字無來處. This promoted a more in-depth study into the origins of Du’s habitual use of allusions. This not only reaffirmed the intense use of allusions as one of the characteristics of Du’s works but also as the model of Song-styled poetry. / Second, this thesis investigates the impact of Song politics and cultures on the Song people’s reception of Du’s poetry. When comparing Li Bai to Du Fu, Du’s works were have consistently received a higher ranking as commentators often value social meanings more than artistic value. This demonstrates a shift in value system from Tang to that of Song dynasty. The Song people’s acclamation of Du as Shishi 詩史 was related to Song culture and the prolonged war in the Southern Song. Remarks on Poetry paid special attention to Du’s works related to An Lu-shan rebellion as this rebellion shared similarities with Song history. In Remarks on Poetry’s interpretation of Du’s poems, it reflected the Song people’s grievance towards foreign tribes and warfare. By agreeing with Du Fu, the Song people can develop its self-identity; through interpreting Du’s poetry, they can self-actualize. Du Fu’s encounter during the An Lu-shan rebellion made him well-received by the Song literati, and gave them the premise for interpretation of Du’s poems. Remarks on Poetry adopted an analogical way of expression, bixiang 比興, and allusion to study Du’s works and this provided more perspectives for interpretation and space for emotional sustenance. / Third, this thesis investigates the nature and format of Remarks on Poetry, and why it remains authoritative in literary canonization, despite its apparent arbitrary nature. Remarks on Poetry was a new form of poetry criticism in Song Dynasty. “Commentaries on isolated sentences drawn out from poems, zheju piping 摘句批評, and “Discussion on poetic form distinction, lunshi bianti 論詩辨體, are its usual presentation. Under this new style of critique, Remarks on Poetry developed a kind of value judgment with Du’s poetry as its basis: evaluating the value of Du’s poetry, demonstrating the diversity of his works, establishing an orthodox meaning for his poems, reinforcing the concept of higher ranking of his poems, and highlighting the importance of studying Du’s works. Such a style reinforced the canonical value of Du’s poetry. Coupled by the Remarks on Poetry’s nature as an authoritative reference text it defined the value system of those times and dictated the way in which literary works are to be made. / Fourth, this thesis puts Du Fu squarely in the conflict between Tang-styled and Song-styled poetry. Based on the theory “one ancestor and three predecessor, yizu sanzong 一祖三宗 , the Song-styled poetry strengthened its connection with Du Fu and reinforced its orthodoxy. The Tang-styled poetry also set Du Fu as its role-model but its discourse emphasized disconnecting Du’ works with the Song-styled poetry. Despite the conflict between the Tang-styled and Song-styled poetry, Du’s works were still highly recognized as an orthodox example by both groups and this contributed immensely to the continued canonical status of Du’s poetry. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 朱寳盈. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 230-241) / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Zhu Baoying. / Chapter 第一章 --- 導論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節 --- 杜甫詩的經典化 --- p.1 / Chapter 一、 --- 唐或宋？杜詩經典地位的確立 --- p.2 / Chapter 二、 --- 杜詩經典化的幾個思考重點 --- p.5 / Chapter 第二節 --- 前人研究成果與本文討論重點 --- p.8 / Chapter 一、 --- 前人研究成果 --- p.8 / Chapter （一） --- 整理杜詩在宋代流傳概況和資料 --- p.9 / Chapter （二） --- 指出杜甫「儒家思想」很大程度出於宋人建構 --- p.10 / Chapter （三） --- 從唐宋文化的差別辨析唐宋人論杜 --- p.11 / Chapter （四） --- 以接受美學觀念分析宋代杜詩學 --- p.12 / Chapter （五） --- 分析杜甫對宋詩風格的典範作用 --- p.13 / Chapter 二、 --- 本文討論重點 --- p.14 / Chapter （一） --- 以「經典化」為研究視野分析宋代杜詩學 --- p.14 / Chapter （二） --- 重視「眾人」的意見 --- p.15 / Chapter （三） --- 關注「詩話」的作用 --- p.16 / Chapter （四） --- 探析「詩史」與宋型文化關係 --- p.17 / Chapter （五） --- 論析唐宋詩之爭對杜詩地位的影響 --- p.18 / Chapter 第三節 --- 研究目的及方向 --- p.19 / Chapter 第二章 --- 從個人詮釋到集體認知： 宋代詩話對蘇、黃評杜的回應與杜詩經典化 --- p.22 / Chapter 第一節 --- 引言 --- p.22 / Chapter 第二節 --- 宋初詩話「論杜」 --- p.23 / Chapter 一、 --- 北宋初年詩壇非尊杜 --- p.23 / Chapter 二、 --- 對杜詩藝術的評價 --- p.28 / Chapter 三、 --- 小結 --- p.30 / Chapter 第三節 --- 杜詩價值的發明 --- p.30 / Chapter 一、 --- 宋人眼中的杜詩發明者 --- p.30 / Chapter 二、 --- 宋詩話回應蘇、黃評杜的三種模式 --- p.34 / Chapter 第四節 --- 蘇、黃論杜與杜詩的經典化 --- p.42 / Chapter 一、 --- 從「一飯未嘗忘君」到「詩中六經」 --- p.43 / Chapter 二、 --- 從「無一字無來處」到「江西詩派」 --- p.50 / Chapter 第五節 --- 結語 --- p.56 / Chapter 第三章 --- 時代的制約：論宋人的期待視野與歷史感懷 --- p.58 / Chapter 第一節 --- 引言 --- p.58 / Chapter 第二節 --- 雙重標準的李杜優劣論期待視野的轉移 --- p.59 / Chapter 一、 --- 宋人對李杜優劣論的回應與再發展 --- p.60 / Chapter （一） --- 回應元稹、韓愈之論：李杜並尊 --- p.60 / Chapter （二） --- 李杜優劣論的再發展：獨尊老杜 --- p.65 / Chapter 二、 --- 宋人品次李杜的兩個標準 --- p.68 / Chapter 三、 --- 小結：期待視野的轉移 --- p.78 / Chapter 第三節 --- 自我認同與呈現--安史之亂與宋人的「詩史杜甫」 --- p.79 / Chapter 一、 --- 宋詩話與杜甫「安史詩」 --- p.79 / Chapter 二、 --- 安史之亂與宋人的歷史感懷 --- p.90 / Chapter 三、 --- 杜甫「安史詩」詮釋的先決條件與詮釋空間的擴大 --- p.109 / Chapter （一） --- 詮釋的先決條件 --- p.110 / Chapter （二） --- 詮釋空間的擴大 --- p.116 / Chapter 第四節 --- 結語：宋人的「詩史」杜甫 --- p.124 / Chapter 第四章 --- 典範意義的產生：詩話的詩法指導作用與杜詩價值的確立 --- p.127 / Chapter 第一節 --- 引言 --- p.127 / Chapter 第二節 --- 綜述：在詩話批評形式下的評杜現象 --- p.128 / Chapter 一、 --- 廣泛的討論和援引為證 --- p.128 / Chapter 二、 --- 同時摘取杜甫與他人詩句 --- p.133 / Chapter （一） --- 說明杜詩的出處 --- p.133 / Chapter （二） --- 強調後世詩人於杜詩的學習 --- p.135 / Chapter （三） --- 同類並舉 --- p.137 / Chapter 三、 --- 論詩辨體與杜詩 --- p.143 / Chapter 四、 --- 小結：宋人開創的評杜現象 --- p.149 / Chapter 第三節 --- 現象背後的意義 --- p.152 / Chapter 一、 --- 以摘句褒貶直接賦予價值 --- p.152 / Chapter 二、 --- 展現杜詩審美價值的多元性 --- p.156 / Chapter 三、 --- 杜詩的正統意義塑造 --- p.161 / Chapter 四、 --- 確立杜詩較他人優勝的觀念 --- p.166 / Chapter 五、 --- 凸顯學杜的必要 --- p.170 / Chapter 六、 --- 小結：以杜詩為中心的價值取向 --- p.177 / Chapter 第四節 --- 詩話的功用與典範意義的確立 --- p.178 / Chapter 第五節 --- 結語 --- p.186 / Chapter 第五章 --- 唐宋詩之爭與杜甫：論詩統建構與杜詩經典價值的延續 --- p.189 / Chapter 第一節 --- 引言 --- p.189 / Chapter 第二節 --- 「唐詩」、「宋詩」的詩統建構與杜甫 --- p.190 / Chapter 一、 --- 「唐詩」與「宋詩」 --- p.190 / Chapter 二、 --- 「宋詩」的詩統建構與杜甫 --- p.194 / Chapter 三、 --- 「唐詩」的詩統建構與杜甫 --- p.203 / Chapter 四、 --- 小結：以杜甫為「正統」的詩統建構 --- p.213 / Chapter 第三節 --- 經典價值的延續：超然於唐宋詩之爭中的正統地位 --- p.215 / Chapter 第四節 --- 結語 --- p.221 / Chapter 第六章 --- 結論 --- p.224 / Chapter 第一節 --- 總結 --- p.224 / Chapter 第二節 --- 餘論 --- p.229 / 主要參考書目 --- p.230

Au croisement de la sinologie, de la philologie, de l’histoire, de la musicologie, de l’organologie et de la pratique instrumentale, cette recherche se donne pour objet d’approfondir notre connaissance de la facture et des techniques de jeu de la cithare chinoise qin sous la dynastie des Tang (618-907) en traduisant et analysant des sources peu exploitées de cette période, à savoir le traité Tang Chen Zhuo zhifa 唐陳拙指法 (Techniques de jeu [du qin] par Chen Zhuo des Tang) et 1468 poèmes évoquant cet instrument. En complément d’autres sources anciennes, l’étude du corpus des poèmes précise notamment l’origine des matériaux utilisés pour le qin, l’usage d’accessoires, l’identification de luthiers amateurs et professionnels, la constitution du répertoire, l’emploi et l’évolution des partitions.La traduction et édition critique du Tang Chen Zhuo zhifa sert de support à un travail d’inventaire et d’analyse typologique des gestes décrits dans ce traité. Les techniques de jeu de l’époque s’y révèlent dans leur étendue et leur diversité.Afin d’en faciliter leur compréhension, plusieurs doigtés font l’objet des reconstitutions filmées, conservées sur le DVD en annexe. Des analyses d’acoustique musicale effectuées sur une sélection de techniques se sont également avérées riches d’enseignements en révélant les fondements concrets et subtils sous-jacents au jeu du qin à l’époque des Tang. / At the intersection of sinology, philology, history, musicology, organology and instrument playing, this research aims at broadening our knowledge of how the qin Chinese zither was made and played throughout the Tang dynasty (618-907). The research draws on often overlooked or untapped sources of information from this period such as the Tang Chen Zhuo zhifa 唐陳拙指法 treatise (Qin Playing techniques by Chen Zhuo) and 1468 poems in which the instrument is referred to.Study of the body of poems and ancient texts sheds light on the origin of the materials used to make the instrument and how accessories were used, drawing a distinction between amateur and professional instrument makers and explaining how a repertoire is built and how sheet music was read and evolved over time.The translation and critical edition of Tang Chen Zhuo zhifa serve as a basis for an inventory and typological analysis of the techniques described in the treatise, which illustrates the wide range and different styles of playing. Some of the fingerings were filmed and recorded on a DVD included here in appendix. Analyses of the musical acoustics of a selection of techniques provide valuable insights into both the groundings and the subtlety of qin playing during the Tang period

No description available.

No description available.

A Poem Carved in Stone, a work for piano solo by Washington DC-based Chinese composer Wu Yiming was composed in Spring 2020 and is dedicated to the author of this dissertation. The piece is inspired by the poetry of Han Shan, a recluse who lived during the Tang Dynasty (618-907 A.D.). His poetry is in Chan (Zen) tradition. Wu depicts the imagery and philosophy in Han Shan's poetry through highly complex rhythms, extreme sound effects and pitches, tone clusters, and extended piano techniques. This dissertation provides practical instructions for achieving these effects and executing the unconventional techniques found in this piece, which include playing inside of the piano, various standing and sitting positions, and coordination and balance. A guide to interpret this piece is from both the composer's and the performer's perspective. Observations are drawn directly from communications and coaching received from the composer. This study briefly explores the historical and cultural context of Han Shan's poetry and discusses how Wu's use of modern western compositional devices reflects the Zen philosophy. An interview with the composer is included along with an overview of both his compositions and those of composers who influenced him. It is hoped that this dissertation will encourage pianists who are not experienced with non-traditional techniques to explore new music from living composers.

В данной работе рассматриваются русские и китайские стихи для детей дошкольного возраста. В качестве объекта анализа были отобраны "ключевые" тексты, исследование которых дает определенное представление о картине мира носителей русской и китайской культуры. Сравнительный анализ проводился на трех уровнях - с точки зрения реализации в стихах воспитательной, образовательной и эстетической функций. Подобный подход позволил выявить ряд аналогий как на содержательном уровне, так и на уровне формы. / The following study is devoted to Russian and Chinese poetry for preschool children. The object of our exploration was “key” texts which, as we assumed, shed a light on a mindset of Russian and Chinese native speakers. We compared poems regarding to their disciplinary, educational and aesthetic functions. Such an approach has made it possible to expose a number of analogies both at the content level and the level of form.

Магистерская диссертация представляет собой исследование переводов Анны Ахматовой из древнекитайской поэзии. Сопоставительный анализ «оригинал – подстрочник – перевод» ведется на трем основных уровнях: лексическом, образном и строфически-композиционном. В итоге делаются выводы о том, что из двух способов перевода – дословное воспроизведение языка оригинала и перевод, основанный на стремлении отразить "дух", Ахматова избирает второй. / This master's thesis is a study of Anna Akhmatova's translations from ancient Chinese poetry. The comparative analysis of "original - word for word translation - translation" is conducted on three main levels: lexical, figurative and strophic-compositional. The conclusion is that Akhmatova chooses the second of the two modes of translation - word for word translation of the original language and translation based on the desire to reflect the "spirit".

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Chinese