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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

FXR-Induced Secretion of FGF15/19 Inhibits CYP27 Expression in Cholangiocytes Through p38 Kinase Pathway

Jung, Dongju, York, J. Philippe, Wang, Li, Yang, Chaofeng, Zhang, Aijun, Francis, Heather L., Webb, Paul, McKeehan, Wallace L., Alpini, Gianfranco, LeSage, Gene D., Moore, David D., Xia, Xuefeng 01 January 2014 (has links)
Cholangiocytes, bile duct lining cells, actively adjust the amount of cholesterol and bile acids in bile through expression of enzymes and channels involved in transportation and metabolism of the cholesterol and bile acids. Herein, we report molecular mechanisms regulating bile acid biosynthesis in cholangiocytes. Among the cytochrome p450 (Cyp) enzymes involved in bile acid biosynthesis, sterol 27-hydroxylase (Cyp27) that is the rate-limiting enzyme for the acidic pathway of bile acid biosynthesis expressed in cholangiocytes. Expression of other Cyp enzymes for the basic bile acid biosynthesis was hardly detected. The Cyp27 expression was negatively regulated by a hydrophobic bile acid through farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor activated by bile acid ligands. Activated FXR exerted the negative effects by inducing an expression of fibroblast growth factor 15/19 (FGF15/19). Similar to its repressive function against cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) expression in hepatocytes, secreted FGF15/19 triggered Cyp27 repression in cholangiocytes through interaction with its cognate receptor fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4). The involvements of FXR and FGFR4 for the bile acid-induced Cyp27 repression were confirmed in vivo using knockout mouse models. Different from the signaling in hepatocytes, wherein the FGF15/19-induced repression signaling is mediated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), FGF15/19-induced Cyp27 repression in cholangiocytes was mediated by p38 kinase. Thus, the results collectively suggest that cholangiocytes may be able to actively regulate bile acid biosynthesis in cholangiocytes and even hepatocyte by secreting FGF15/19. We suggest the presence of cholangiocyte-mediated intrahepatic feedback loop in addition to the enterohepatic feedback loop against bile acid biosynthesis in the liver.
2

Immunology and Genetics of Autoimmune Biliary Disease

Huang, Wenting January 2015 (has links)
No description available.
3

Differentiation and isolation of iPSC-derived remodeling ductal plate-like cells by use of an AQP1-GFP reporter human iPSC line / AQP1-GFP レポーター ヒトiPS細胞株を用いたリモデリング期胆管板様細胞の分化誘導と単離

Matsui, Satoshi 23 May 2019 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第21961号 / 医博第4503号 / 新制||医||1037(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 川口 義弥, 教授 山下 潤, 教授 妹尾 浩 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
4

Cellules souches pluripotentes humaines et modélisation de maladies hépatiques : l'hypercholestérolémie familiale et les cholangiopathies / Human pluripotent stem cells and liver diseases modeling : Familial hypercholesterolemia and cholangiopathies

Dianat, Noushin 12 June 2014 (has links)
La thérapie cellulaire pourrait représenter une alternative à la transplantation hépatique dans certaines pathologies comme les maladies métaboliques sévères. Toutefois, la pénurie de donneurs d’organes implique la nécessité de trouver de nouvelles sources de cellules hépatiques comme les cellules souches pluripotentes qui peuvent être amplifiées extensivement et différenciées en tout type cellulaire. Les cellules souches embryonnaires humaines (hESC) et les cellules souches pluripotentes induites humaines (hiPSC) générées à partir des cellules somatiques de patients puis différenciées en hépatocytes représentent une source potentielle d’hépatocytes. Ces cellules permettent en outre d’envisager la transplantation d’hépatocytes autologues génétiquement modifiés comme alternative à la transplantation hépatique pour le traitement de certaines maladies génétiques du foie. L’hypercholestérolémie familiale (HF) est une maladie autosomale dominante due à des mutations dans le gène codant le Récepteur aux Low Density Lipoproteins (RLDL) qui est à l’origine d’un taux élevé de cholestérol sanguin de patients HF. Les patients homozygotes doivent épurer leur sérum par LDL-aphérèse en moyenne deux fois par mois dès le plus jeune âge pour éviter les infarctus mortels survenant dès l’enfance. Les hépatocytes différenciées à partir des iPSC de patients et leur correction in vitro, permettent d'évaluer la faisabilité de la transplantation d'hépatocytes autologues génétiquement modifiés pour le traitement de l’hypercholestérolémie familiale.Au cours du développement du foie, des hépatocytes et des cholangiocytes, les deux types de cellules épithéliales hépatiques, dérivent de progéniteurs hépatiques bipotents (les hépatoblastes). Bien que les cholangiocytes formant les canaux biliaires intrahépatiques ne représentent qu'une petite fraction de la population cellulaire totale du foie (3%), ces cellules régulent activement la composition de la bile par réabsorption des acides biliaires, un processus qui est important dans des maladies choléstatiques du foie. Dans la première partie de cette étude nous avons mis au point une approche de différenciation des cellules souches pluripotentes (hESC et hiPSC) en cholangiocytes fonctionnels. Ces cellules serviront à la modélisation des maladies génétiques touchant les cholangiocytes formant des canaux biliaires. Dans la deuxième partie, nous avons généré des iPSC spécifiques de patients HF (HF-iPSC), différenciées en hépatocytes et corrigé le défaut phénotypique par transfert lentiviral de l’ADNc codant le LDLR dans les HF-iPSC. / Cell therapy can be an alternative to liver transplantation in some cases such as severe metabolic diseases. However, the shortage of organ donors implies the need to find new sources of liver cells such as hepatocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells that can be amplified and differentiated extensively into any cell type. Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) generated from somatic cells of patients and then differentiated into hepatocytes represent a potential source of transplantable hepatocytes. These cells now make it possible to consider the transplantation of genetically modified autologous hepatocytes as an alternative to liver transplantation for the treatment of genetic diseases of the liver.Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding the receptor for Low Density Lipoproteins (LDLR), which is the cause of high blood cholesterol in these patients. Homozygous patients should purify their serum LDL-apheresis on average twice a month starting at a young age to avoid fatal myocardial infarction occurring in childhood.Human hepatocytes differentiated from patient’s induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) allow assessing the feasibility to transplant genetically modified autologous hepatocytes as treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia.During the liver development, hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, the two types of hepatic epithelial cells, derive from bipotent hepatic progenitors (hepatoblasts). Although cholangiocytes, forming intrahepatic bile ducts, represent a small fraction of the total liver cell population (3%), they actively regulate bile composition by secretion and reabsorption of bile acids, a process that is important in cholestatic liver diseases. In the first part of this study we developed an approach to differentiate pluripotent stem cells (hESC and hiPSC) into functional cholangiocytes. These cells could be used for the modeling of genetic biliary diseases. In the second part, we generated FH patient specific iPSCs (HF-iPSC), differentiated them into hepatocytes and tried to correct the disease phenotype by lentiviral introduction of LDLR cDNA cassette in HF-iPSC.

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