Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-28T17:39:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Felipe Reis Rodrigues.pdf: 1603576 bytes, checksum: 3339dc514da1d070eb064b181fb06543 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-28T17:39:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Felipe Reis Rodrigues.pdf: 1603576 bytes, checksum: 3339dc514da1d070eb064b181fb06543 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-10 / CNPq / The large number of new products that are developed and made available to the consumer has allowed access to industrialized food, which are sources of carbohydrates and saturated fats. The high consumption of this type of product in Brazil associated with the decreased physical activity, resulted in the epidemiological phenomenon known as nutritional transition, characterized by overweight and obesity. This trend is not only observed in Brazil, therefore the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the reduction of sugar and fat consumption. From this scenario, this study aimed to develop a beverage of pomegranate as a healthier alternative to products available in the market. The pomegranate is a fruit with low use in Brazil; however, it presents nutritional characteristics that justify the increase in consumption. It was performed an online study to identify the fruit that would compose the mixed juice with pomegranate, and it has been suggested the orange. Then, it was evaluated the beverages intention to purchase. The blend of orange and pomegranate reached the highest average score for such as parameter by consumers, and the sugar content reached the highest relative importance. In a second phase of the study it was evaluated the formulations by varying the ratio water/pulp, pomegranate/orange and sugar content. The most preferred sample had a lower proportion of pomegranate pulp, higher orange content and sugar. The following study has focused on the replacement of sucrose by high intensity sweeteners (sucralose, stevia and monk fruit extract) were evaluated. Firstly it was estimated the sweetness equivalence for each of them using two different methods (paired comparison and magnitude estimation), and two ways of data analyses (logistic regression and survival analysis). The methods provided similar results, but the survival analysis showed a better alternative for the data analysis. From this result it was investigated the effect of information on the sweetener used on the perception of the product. It was considered the effect of extrinsic variables, namely: design (traditional vs. minimalist), nutritional information (present vs. absent), processing information technology (present vs. absent) and nutritional traffic light (present vs. absent) on the consumer intention to purchase, considering the time constraint as a variable in the study. The time factor did not affect the purchase intent and the highest averages were achieved by packaging with traditional design, which was used in the subsequent study. The study investigated the effects of the information on the additive used to sweeten beverages (sweetener: sucralose, stevia or extract of monk fruit; or sucrose: sugar or no added sugar) on the acceptance, sensory characteristics and wellbeing associated with the beverages. The information was significant on the sensory description of the samples, wellbeing associated to the products and acceptance. Results have shown that samples with the most similar characteristics to the beverage sweetened with sugar were those that achieved the highest acceptance means. The findings achieved in the several studies carried out in this Thesis can be considered relevantto the development of healthier products, which include pomegranate in its composition. / O grande n?mero de novos produtos que s?o desenvolvidos e colocados ? disposi??o do consumidor vem permitindo o acesso aos alimentos industrializados fontes de carboidratos e gorduras saturadas. No Brasil o elevado consumo desse tipo de produto, associado ? diminui??o da pr?tica de atividade f?sica, resultou no fen?meno epidemiol?gico conhecido como transi??o nutricional caracterizado pelo sobrepeso e obesidade. Essa tend?ncia n?o se restringe apenas ao Brasil, por isso a Organiza??o Mundial de Sa?de (OMS) recomenda que o consumo a??car e de gordura seja reduzido. A partir deste cen?rio, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver uma bebida ? base de rom? como alternativa mais saud?vel aos produtos encontrados atualmente no mercado. A rom? ? uma fruta com pouca utiliza??o no Brasil; por?m, apresenta caracter?sticas nutricionais que justificam o incremento do seu consumo. Foi realizado estudo on-line a fim de identificar a fruta que comporia o suco misto junto com a rom?, tendo sido identificada a laranja. Em seguida foi avaliada a inten??o de compra das bebidas a partir dos front-of-packs de prot?tipos de produtos mistos e de elaborados com apenas uma das frutas utilizadas na bebida mista (rom? e laranja). O suco misto alcan?ou maior m?dia quanto a esse par?metro, sendo o teor de a??car a caracter?stica com maior import?ncia relativa. No estudo subsequente foram avaliadas formula??es do produto variando-se a propor??o de ?gua/ polpa, rom?/ laranja e o teor de a??car. A amostra mais aceita pelos participantes continha menor propor??o de polpa de rom?, maior teor de laranja e a??car. Foram realizados estudos onde o foco foi a substitui??o da sacarose por edulcorantes de alta intensidade (sucralose, stevia e extrato da fruta do monge). Inicialmente foi estimada a equival?ncia de do?ura para cada um deles utilizando dois m?todos distintos (compara??o pareada e estima??o de magnitude) e duas formas de tratamento de dados (regress?o log?stica e an?lise de sobreviv?ncia). Os m?todos forneceram resultados similares; por?m, a an?lise de sobreviv?ncia se mostrou melhor alternativa para o tratamento de dados. A partir desse resultado foi investigado o efeito da informa??o sobre o edulcorante usado na percep??o do produto. Foi realizado estudo para avaliar o efeito de vari?veis extr?nsecas, a saber: design (tradicional vs. minimalista), informa??o nutricional (presente vs. ausente), informa??o da tecnologia de processamento (presente vs. ausente) e sem?foro nutricional (presente vs. ausente) na inten??o de compra do consumidor considerando a restri??o de tempo como vari?vel no estudo. O fator tempo n?o afetou a inten??o de compra e as maiores m?dias foram alcan?adas pelas embalagens com design tradicional, o qual foi utilizado no estudo subsequente que investigou o efeito da informa??o sobre o aditivo usado para ado?ar as bebidas (edulcorantes: sucralose, stevia ou extrato da fruta do monge; sacarose ou sem adi??o de a??car) na aceita??o, caracter?sticas sensoriais e no bem-estar associado a elas. A informa??o sobre o aditivo usado para ado?ar a bebida teve efeito (p>0,05) na descri??o sensorial das amostras, no bem-estar associado a elas e na aceita??o. Os resultados demonstraram que as amostras com as caracter?sticas mais parecidas com a bebida ado?ada com a??car foram as que alcan?aram maiores m?dias de aceita??o. Os achados encontrados a partir do desenvolvimento dos diversos estudos podem ser considerados relevantes para a elabora??o de produtos mais saud?veis, os quais incluem a rom? em sua composi??o.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-08-02T14:52:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Lenice Freiman de Oliveira.pdf: 1796223 bytes, checksum: 2c533d1f95fac225d1b2ee2e9730fb60 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T14:52:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Lenice Freiman de Oliveira.pdf: 1796223 bytes, checksum: 2c533d1f95fac225d1b2ee2e9730fb60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-28 / OLIVEIRA, Lenice Freiman of. Effect of the parameters of the process of jackfruit dehydration (Artocarpus heterophyllus, Lam.) about the properties chemistries, physicalchemistries and the sensorial acceptance. Serop?dica: UFRRJ, 2009. 121p. Thesis (Doctorate in Food Science and Technology). Institute of Technology, Department of Technology of Foods, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2009. Now the fruticulture occupies prominence place in the world sphere, so much for the nutritious value as for the importance of yours derived. A world tendency exists to the consumption of tropical fruits, that it can be attributed to the nutritional value, to the organoleptic characteristics, as well as the improvement need in the life quality of the people associate to the aspects of the health and well-being. The fruits of the jackfruit tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) possess intense flavor and quite peculiar aroma, with sensorial attributes of frutal, sour and sweet, being quite appreciated in the Brazilian northeast and other tropical areas. Its eatable part, characterized by the pulp, it is almost consumed in its totality under in natura form for the most several layers of the population, what takes to a high index of loss in the powder-crop, carting damage for the producers. Being like this, the objectives of this work went evaluate technologically to jackfruit in natura, to elaborate a new product applying the dehydration process for 50 oC, 60 oC and 70 oC and to study the chemical, physical-chemistries and sensorial properties of the obtained products. To identify the compositions volatile present, technique of extraction of the headspace was used and the obtained extracts were negotiated and analyzed by gaseous chromatography and spectrometry of masses. The carotenoids and the sugars were appraised for HPLC. Analyses of centesimal composition and sensorial analysis were still accomplished. The global results obtained through the methodology of answer surface indic ated as conditions adapted to the process of jackfruit dehydration: temperatures of 70 ?C for matter evaporate, ashes, fat and hidratos of carbon, 55 ?C for proteins, 61 ?C for total carotenoids, ?-carotene and equivalent retinol, 60 ?C for sucrose. For the retention of the volatile compositions and sensorial acceptance the most appropriate temperatures were 50 and 60 ?C. It can be ended like this that the jackfruit in natura or dehydrated it is a source of nutritious important to the human nutrition, such as: ashes, proteins, hidrats of carbon, carotenoids, ?-carotene, equivalent retinol and sugars. Its consumption can complement the requirements nutritions, providing the benefits mainly for the population of low income of the tropical areas. / OLIVEIRA, Lenice Freiman de. Efeito dos par?metros do processo de desidrata??o de jaca (Artocarpus heterophyllus, Lam.) sobre as propriedades qu?micas, f?sico-qu?micas e a aceita??o sensorial. 2009. 121p. Tese (Doutorado em Ci?ncia e Tecnologia de Alimentos). Instituto de Tecnologia, Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2009. Atualmente a fruticultura ocupa lugar de destaque na esfera mundial, tanto pelo valor aliment?cio como pela import?ncia de seus derivados. Existe uma tend?ncia mundial ao consumo de frutas tropicais, que pode ser atribu?da ao valor nutricional, ?s caracter?sticas organol?pticas, bem como a necessidade de melhoria na qualidade de vida das pessoas associado aos aspectos da sa?de e bem-estar. Os frutos da jaqueira (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) possuem sabor e aroma intensos e bastante peculiares, com atributos sensoriais de frutal, azedo e doce, sendo bastante apreciados no nordeste brasileiro e outras regi?es tropicais. Sua parte comest?vel, caracterizada pela polpa, ? consumida em sua quase totalidade sob forma in natura pelas mais diversas camadas da popula??o, mais a alta perecibilidade leva a um ?ndice elevado de perda na p?s-colheita, acarretando preju?zos para os produtores. Sendo assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar os efeitos dos par?metros do processo de desidrata??o (temperatura de desidrata??o e umidade final do produto) sobre as propriedades qu?micas, f?sico-qu?micas e aceita??o sensorial de jaca (Artocarpus heterophyllus, Lam.) desidratada. Para identificar os compostos vol?teis presente, usou-se t?cnica de extra??o do headspace e os extratos obtidos foram tratados e analisados por cromatografia ga sosa e espectrometria de massas. Os caroten?ides e os a??cares foram avaliados por HPLC. Ainda foram realizadas an?lises de composi??o centesimal e an?lise sensorial. Os resultados globais obtidos atrav?s da metodologia de superf?cie de resposta indicaram como condi??es adequadas ao processo de desidrata??o de jaca: temperaturas de 70 ?C para mat?ria seca, cinzas, lip?deos e carboidratos, 55 ?C para prote?nas, 61 ?C para caroten?ides totais, ?-caroteno e retinol equivalente, 60 ?C para sacarose. Para a reten??o dos compostos vol?teis e aceita??o sensorial as temperaturas mais adequadas foram 50 e 60 ?C. Assim, pode-se concluir que a jaca in natura ou desidratada ? uma fonte de nutrientes importantes ? nutri??o humana, tais como: prote?nas, carboidratos, caroten?ides totais, ?caroteno, retinol equivalente e a??cares. Seu consumo pode complementar os requisitos nutricionais, proporcionando os benef?cios principalmente para a popula??o de baixa renda das regi?es tropicais.

CNPq / Brazil presents an important commercial fishing pole, which turns it to become relevant considering the benefits that consumption of fish plays in human nutrition. Canned fish promotes long shelf life of these food. However, foods that are rich sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol, such as tuna, have a great susceptibility for lipid oxidation when exposed to thermal processing. Cholesterol oxidation products (COP?s) are related to several diseases such as atherosclerosis, and can be absorbed from the diet. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the lipid composition and COP?s production in canned tuna purchased from metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro. Three trademarks of ?grated in brine? and ?in oil? canned tuna were evaluated. To determinate lipid oxidation, the fatty acid composition from the methyl esters of the fish and their brine were identified using gas chromatography with flame ionisation detector; cholesterol and cholesterol oxides were determined simultaneously, using high-performance liquid chromatography and confirmed by liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer (chemical ionization interface for atmospheric pressure) (APCI-MS). Tuna in ?brine? samples presented moisture contents in a range of 24.60 to 27.23g/100g; lipids contents ranging from 4.21 to 5.59g/100g; polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) levels between 9.13 to 16,20g/100g, and high saturated fatty acids (SFA) contents (in a range of 54.66 to 59.85g/100g) (dry basis-DB). The nutritional quality index showed that lipid fractions presented undesirable values. These samples presented cholesterol concentration ranging from 190.95 to 399.28mg/100g, and high cholesterol oxidation products contents (between 321.42 and 414.94?g/100g- DB). Samples of ?in oil? canned tuna presented moisture and lipids contents of 31.93 to 51.33g/100g and 23.70 to 43.99g/100g, respectively; high polyunsaturated fatty acids concentration (46.06 to 49.92g/100g), especially the w6 series; and low levels of EPA and DHA amounts (in a range of 0.59 and 1.73g/100g). Cholesterol and COP?s contents varied from 135.90 to 191.92mg/100g and from 110.97 to 207.19?g/100g, respectively. Significate concentrations of cholesterol were identified in brine (18.99 to 37.10mg/100g) and ?in oil? samples (113.09 to 259.12mg/100g), and high COP?s contents were found (in a range of 230.54 and 477.12?g/100g from brine and 44.15 to 151.18?g/100g from ?in oil? samples). It was observed that there is a transference of lipids from fish to brine, as well as migration between fish lipids and vegetable oils in the ?oil? covers, changing the fatty acids profiles of both. It is considered that the production of canned fish contributes to loss of lipid quality, promotes fatty acids oxidation and induces the formation of cholesterol oxidation products. These results indicate that is necessary to conduct further studies to evaluate the occurrence of these undesirable compounds in fish products. / O Brasil possui um importante polo de pesca comercial, fato que se torna relevante considerando os benef?cios que o consumo de pescados desempenha na nutri??o humana. As conservas de peixes promovem nestes alimentos tempos de vida ?til prolongados. Entretanto, os alimentos ricos em ?cidos graxos poliinsaturados e colesterol, como os atuns, quando submetidos ao processamento t?rmico, apresentam grande potencial para a oxida??o lip?dica. Os produtos da oxida??o do colesterol (POC?s) est?o envolvidos no desenvolvimento de doen?as, como a aterosclerose, e podem ser absorvidos a partir da dieta. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar a composi??o lip?dica e a forma??o dos POC?s em conservas de atuns comercializadas na regi?o metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Foram avaliadas amostras de conservas ?raladas? em ?salmoura? e em ??leo? de 3 marcas comerciais. Para determina??o da oxida??o lip?dica, identificou-se a composi??o de ?cidos graxos dos atuns e respectivos l?quidos de coberturas a partir dos ?steres met?licos, atrav?s de Cromatografia Gasosa com detector de ioniza??o por chama; al?m da quantifica??o simult?nea do colesterol e dos POC?s, atrav?s de cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia e confirmados por cromat?grafo l?quido com espetr?metro de massas (interface de ioniza??o qu?mica por press?o atmosf?rica) (APCI-MS). Os atuns em ?salmoura? apresentaram m?dias entre 24,60 a 27,23g/100g de umidade; entre 4,21 a 5,59g/100g de lip?deos; teores de 9,13 a 16,20g/100g de ?cidos graxos poliinsaturados (AGPI), e elevadas concentra??es de ?cidos graxos saturados (AGS) (entre 54,66 a 59,85g/100g), em base seca (BS). Foram evidenciados nos ?ndices de qualidade nutricional das fra??es lip?dicas com valores pouco desej?veis sob o ponto de vista nutricional. As concentra??es de colesterol nessas amostras variaram entre 190,95 a 399,28mg/100g, e foram identificados elevados teores de produtos de oxida??o do colesterol (entre 321,42 e 414,94?g/g/100g), em BS. As amostras de atuns em conservas contendo ??leo? apresentaram teores entre 31,93 e 51,33g/100g de umidade; entre 23,70 e 43,99g/100g de lip?deos, elevadas concentra??es de ?cidos graxos poliinsaturados (de 46,06 a 49,92g/100g), em especial os da s?rie w6 e reduzidos teores na soma de EPA e DHA (entre 0,59 e 1,73g/100g). As concentra??es de colesterol variaram entre 135,90 e 191,92mg/100g e os POC?s de 110,97 a 207,19?g/100g. Em rela??o aos l?quidos de coberturas, foram identificadas concentra??es significativas de colesterol (de 18,99 a 37,10mg/100g nas salmouras e de 113,09 a 259,12mg/100g nos ?leos, respectivamente), al?m de elevados teores de produtos de oxida??o do colesterol (entre 230,54 e 477,12?g/100g nas salmouras e entre 44,15 e 151,18?g/100g nos ?leos). Observou-se a transfer?ncia de lip?deos dos pescados para os l?quidos em ?salmoura?, al?m da migra??o de lip?deos entre os pescados e os ?leos vegetais nas conservas em ??leo?, alterando os perfis de ?cidos graxos de ambos os meios. Considera-se que a produ??o de conservas de peixes favorece a perda da sua qualidade lip?dica, promovem oxida??o de ?cidos graxos e induzem a forma??o de produtos de oxida??o do colesterol, fato que indica a necessidade da condu??o de novos estudos que avaliem a ocorr?ncia desses compostos indesej?veis oriundos da oxida??o lip?dica em produtos de pescados.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-09T17:18:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Ana Paula Miguel Landim.pdf: 1756748 bytes, checksum: edb655700eacaf99a7fa2c3d482f3283 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-09T17:18:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Ana Paula Miguel Landim.pdf: 1756748 bytes, checksum: edb655700eacaf99a7fa2c3d482f3283 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-02 / CAPES / Banana is a perishable fruit, as it ripens fast and cannot be adequately preserved by the cold, resulting in large post-harvest losses. The application of preservation techniques, such as osmotic dehydration, reduces losses of the commodity in post-harvest stage, extend its shelf-life, while not severely affecting its nutritional values, and functional and sensorial properties, which makes it at processing alternative for the fruit. The aim of this study is to evaluate the kinetics of osmotic dehydration, as well as the quality of the osmotically dehydrated samples in terms of color, texture, and antioxidant capacity, using fructo-oligosaccharide, corn syrup and the mixture of both, under different temperatures. To determine the kinetics, the fruit, cut in cubes, was dehydrated in different solutions, under temperatures of 40, 50 and 60 ? C. The kinetics of water loss (WL) and solid gain (SG) were evalueted at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 360, 720 to 1440 minutes. The analysis of variance was used to verify the effect of each solution and temperature on kinetics. The kinetic parameters were modeled based on the equations of Peleg, Page modified and Barbosa Junior et al. using non-linear regression. The time to reduce the dehydration rate or penetration to one third of its initial values (t(1/3)) and the process average time (t(average)) were obtained on the Barbosa Junior et al. model The quality of the samples was accessed at these two times, in different solutions under different temperatures. For such, the variation of the instrumental parameters of color, antioxidant capacity (FRAP, DPPH and total phenolic content), and texture (axial compression tests) of samples, in nature as well as processed, were verified. The WL was not affected significantly by the type of solute used, however, the temperature presented significant influence over these parameters (p < 0.05). The experimental data for the WL was adequately adjusted to the Peleg and Page modified models with coefficients of determination (R?) superior than 0.98, mean relative error (E) inferior than 6.5% in all treatments. The water loss content values varied from 15.75 to 28.79% at time t(1/3), while for the time t(averege) 15.75 to 30.27% between treatments. The process of osmotic dehydration had affect on the quality of the final product, showing significant differences between the fruits in natura and processed state, in terms of color, antioxidant capacity and texture of the samples. / A banana ? um fruto perec?vel, pois sofre r?pido amadurecimento, n?o pode ser devidamente conservado pelo frio, sendo acometido por grandes perdas p?s-colheita. A utiliza??o de t?cnicas de conserva??o, como a desidrata??o osm?tica, reduz as perdas p?s-colheita, estende a validade comercial, n?o acarreta em severas altera??es nas caracter?sticas nutricionais, funcionais e sensoriais e mostra-se como uma alternativa de processamento para este fruto. O objetivo desde trabalho foi avaliar a cin?tica da desidrata??o osm?tica, bem como, a qualidade das amostras desidratadas osmoticamente em termos de cor, textura e capacidade antioxidante, utilizando fruto-oligossacar?deo, xarope de milho e a mistura de ambos, em diferentes temperaturas. Para determina??o da cin?tica, a banana, cortada em cubos foi desidratada nas diferentes solu??es, sob as temperaturas de 40, 50 e 60 ?C. As Cin?ticas de Perda de ?gua (PA) e ganho de s?lidos (GS) foram avaliadas nos tempos 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 360, 720 e 1440 minutos. A an?lise de vari?ncia foi usada, a fim de verificar o efeito do tipo de soluto e da temperatura na cin?tica. Os par?metros cin?ticos foram modelados de acordo com a equa??o Peleg, Page modificado e Barbosa J?nior et al. utilizando regress?o n?o-linear. A partir do modelo de Barbosa J?nior et al., obteve-se o tempo para reduzir a taxa de desidrata??o ou impregan??o a um ter?o de seus valores iniciais (t(1/3)) e o tempo m?dio de processo (t(m?dio)). A qualidade das amostras foi avaliada nestes dois tempos, nos diferentes solutos e temperaturas. Para tal, foram verificadas a varia??o dos par?metros instrumentais de cor, a capacidade antioxidante (FRAP, DPPH e teor de fen?licos totais) e a textura (ensaios de compress?o axial) das amostras in natura e processadas. A PA n?o foi afetada significamente pelo tipo de soluto empregado, no entanto, a temperatura apresentou influ?ncia significativa neste par?metro (p < 0,05). Os dados experimentais para a PA se ajustaram adequadamente ao modelo de Peleg e Page modificado e obtiveram-se coeficientes de determina??o (R?) maiores do que 0,98, desvio relativos m?dios (E) inferiores a 6,5% em todos os tratamentos. O modelo do tempo de n-redu??o da taxa de desidrata??o se mostrou uma boa alternativa na defini??o do tempo de processamento das amostras submetidas ? desidrata??o osm?tica. Os valores de perda de ?gua variaram de 15,70 a 28,79% no tempo t(1/3), enquanto que para o tempo de t(m?dio) de 15,75 a 30,27% entre os tratamentos. O processo de desidrata??o osm?tica influenciou na qualidade final dos produtos, apresentando diferen?as significativas entre a fruta in natura e a processada para varia??o dos par?metros de cor, a capacidade antioxidante e a textura das amostras in natura e processadas.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-19T18:26:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Denise Rosane Perdomo Azeredo.pdf: 2006973 bytes, checksum: 610e1499e6733b78ee2eb47034198a7d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-19T18:26:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Denise Rosane Perdomo Azeredo.pdf: 2006973 bytes, checksum: 610e1499e6733b78ee2eb47034198a7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-25 / Nowadays consumer desired healthy foods that promote benefits and free from food additives. The chemical composition of soft drinks, artificial colors and preservative, may pose a risk to consumer health due to the possibility of benzene formation, a recognized carcinogenic agent in humans and the association between artificial colors, allergic reactions and DNA damage. In this study, an orange soda formula containing the preservatives sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate with carrot and apple concentrate was developed. In parallel, we developed a standard formula containing tartrazine and sunset yellow. Physicochemical, microbiological and sensory analysis of formulas were carried out during the storage period of 150 days. It was observed that there were no changes in physicochemical parameters. However, the colorimetric analysis revealed a short shelf life in the sample containing the carrot and apple concentrate. Regarding microbiology, both formulations were according to regulation by public health agencies. The yeasts and molds counts presented 1 log cycle growth in the formula containing the carrot and apple concentrate, suggesting that the robustness of the developed matrix may be affected, if the hygiene conditions of processing line sanitation are not observed. It was found that the color was the sensory characteristic that most influenced consumers regarding the acceptability of the samples, signaling that this parameter interfered significantly in evaluating flavor and appearance The results obtained by microbiological challenge test and determination of growth potential (?) indicated that yeast and lactic acid bacteria are able to multiply in the formula containing carrot and apple concentrate without preservatives (? ? 0.5 log10), indicating that the formula is sensitive. Acid acetic bacteria, in these conditions, were inhibited. A preserved formula with the addition of carrot and apple concentrate and other formula with the addition of artificial colors were prepared. The results referring to the growth potential (?) indicated that yeast and lactic acid bacteria were inhibited (? ? 0.5 log10) in both formulas. However, the preservative resistant yeasts presented growth ability (? ? 0.5 log10). In the apple and carrot concentrate, it was observed that yeast, lactic acid bacteria and fungus Penicillium citrinum were inhibited, indicating that this ingredient should not be considered a nutrient source for microbial multiplication that would affect the formula robustness. It was verified the growth of the preservative resistant yeasts (growth potential ? ? 0,5 log10) in all the evaluated formulas and ingredient. The data obtained, in this study, indicate that the development of more natural foods still represents a challenge for the food industry. / Atualmente o consumidor anseia por alimentos mais naturais, saud?veis, que promovam benef?cios ? sa?de e que sejam isentos de aditivos. Nesse sentido, a composi??o qu?mica dos refrigerantes, especialmente no que concerne aos corantes artificiais e conservadores pode representar riscos ? sa?de do consumidor, devido a possibilidade de forma??o de benzeno, reconhecido agente carcinog?nico ao homem, e a associa??o entre corantes artificiais, rea??es al?rgicas e efeitos delet?rios ao DNA. Nessa pesquisa, inicialmente, desenvolveu-se uma formula??o de refrigerante de laranja, contendo os conservadores benzoato de s?dio e sorbato de pot?ssio, na qual os corantes artificiais ? amarelo tartrazina e amarelo crep?sculo foram substitu?dos por concentrado de cenoura e ma??. Em paralelo, desenvolveu-se uma formula??o controle. Foram realizadas an?lises f?sico-qu?micas, microbiol?gicas e sensorial das formula??es durante o per?odo de armazenamento de 150 dias. Observou-se o atendimento ao padr?o de identidade e qualidade e estabilidade das formula??es em rela??o aos par?metros f?sico-qu?micos. Entretanto, na an?lise colorim?trica observou-se uma degrada??o de cor percept?vel ao consumidor na amostra contendo o concentrado de cenoura e ma??. Em rela??o as an?lises microbiol?gicas, ambas as formula??es atenderam aos par?metros preconizados pela legisla??o. Entretanto, a contagem de bolores e leveduras apresentou crescimento de 1 ciclo log na formula??o contendo o concentrado de cenoura e ma??, sugerindo que a robustez da matriz desenvolvida pode ser afetada, se as condi??es de higieniza??o da linha de processamento n?o forem observadas. Em rela??o a an?lise sensorial, verificou-se que a cor foi a caracter?stica sensorial que mais influenciou os consumidores com rela??o a aceitabilidade das amostras, sinalizando que esse par?metro interferiu, de forma significativa na avalia??o do sabor e apar?ncia. Os resultados referentes a aplica??o do teste desafio e a determina??o do potencial de multiplica??o microbiana (?) indicaram que as leveduras e bact?rias l?cticas s?o capazes de se multiplicar na formula??o adicionada de concentrada de cenoura e ma?? sem conservadores (? ? 0,5 log10), sinalizando que a formula??o ? sens?vel. As bact?rias ac?ticas, nessas condi??es, foram inibidas. Nas formula??es preservadas quimicamente com adi??o de concentrado de cenoura e ma?? e a adicionada de corantes artificiais, os resultados referentes ao potencial de multiplica??o microbiana (?) indicaram que as leveduras e bact?rias l?cticas foram inibidas (? ? 0,5 log10) em ambas as formula??es. Entretanto, as leveduras resistentes a conservadores apresentaram habilidade de crescimento (? ? 0,5 log10). No ingrediente concentrado de cenoura e ma??, observou-se que as leveduras, bact?rias l?cticas e o fungo Penicillium citrinum foram inibidos, indicando que o concentrado n?o deve ser considerado uma fonte de nutriente para a multiplica??o microbiana que afetaria a robustez da formula??o. Constatou-se a multiplica??o das leveduras resistentes a conservadores, com potencial de multiplica??o ? ? 0,5 log10 em todas as formula??es e ingrediente avaliados. Os dados obtidos no presente estudo sinalizam que o desenvolvimento de alimentos mais naturais ainda representa um desafio para a ind?stria de alimentos.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-10-19T17:51:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Ellen Almeida dos Santos Ferreira.pdf: 1317610 bytes, checksum: dd687bdd4e12dc0f868a15a961aa31ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-19T17:51:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Ellen Almeida dos Santos Ferreira.pdf: 1317610 bytes, checksum: dd687bdd4e12dc0f868a15a961aa31ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-06 / Brazil is a big producer and exporter of fruits and fruit juice. The sale, in many cases, is limited to the seasonality of production and perishability of fruits. The Brazilian cherry is a tropical fruit originally from the South and Southeast regions of Brazil, with high perishability and susceptibility to physical damage during transport. Considering all the losses that the productive chain of fresh Brazilian cherry may suffer, it is evident the importance of producing the juice of this fruit. Traditionally, thermal treatment has been employed in the processing and preservation of these products; however, undesirable changes in sensory and nutritional characteristics can happen. Among the innovative technologies to reduce these undesirable changes is High Hydrostatic Pressure (APH). This method of food preservation provides additional benefits to the product allowing products closer to the fresh product. This study aimed to investigate the process of high pressure in the preservation of Brazilian cherry pulp (Eugenia uniflora L.) to assess their microbiological safety and sensory quality and nutritional nectar obtained. The study was conducted at Embrapa Food Technology (Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil). The Brazilian cherry pulp was processed by high hydrostatic pressure using different pressure levels, temperatures and retention time, following a central composite design. Microbiological analyzes were performed (for Salmonella spp., Coliforms at 45? C, mesophilic aerobic, yeasts and molds), physico-chemical (pH, acidity, soluble solids, fibers), antioxidant activity and instrumental color. It was investigated nectar microbiological shelf life obtained from the pressurized pulp. Shelf life estimation through Survival Analysis was also carried out, and the nectar exceeded 35 days of storage. Further studies are recommended. The sensory characteristics of nectars obtained from the pressurized pulp, non-pressurized pulp (Control), pasteurized Control, and three commercial brands available in the market were evaluated by consumer acceptance and through the methodology check all that apply (CATA). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, Tukey test, and Multiple Factor Analysis. The high pressure process has been effective in preserving the nectar refrigerated for up to 35 days. There was no significant negative effect on antioxidant activity and color of the samples subjected to high pressure. The results obtained in the determination of "ideal" pulp concentration and sweetness for the nectar formulation cherry were 36% and 10%, respectively. In Acceptance Test samples pressurized and commercial B had the highest scores and the terms most frequently used in the methodology check all that apply were reddish, cherry flavor, presence of particles, attractive color, acid, astringent, off-flavor, sweet, bitter, gritty look. Such terms are therefore considered the most suitable to describe the samples by consumers. / O Brasil ? um grande produtor e exportador de frutas e suco de frutas. A comercializa??o, em muitos casos, ? limitada ? sazonalidade da produ??o e ? perecibilidade das frutas. A pitanga ? uma fruta tropical origin?ria das regi?es Sul e Sudeste do Brasil, com alta perecibilidade e susceptibilidade a danos f?sicos durante o transporte. Tendo em vista todas as perdas que a cadeia produtiva da pitanga in natura pode sofrer, fica evidente a relev?ncia da obten??o do suco deste fruto. Tradicionalmente o tratamento t?rmico tem sido empregado no processamento e conserva??o destes produtos; no entanto, altera??es indesej?veis nas caracter?sticas nutricionais e sensoriais podem acontecer. Entre as tecnologias inovadoras para redu??o dessas altera??es indesej?veis, est? a Alta Press?o Hidrost?tica (APH). Este m?todo de conserva??o de alimentos oferece benef?cios adicionais ao produto permitindo a obten??o com caracter?sticas mais pr?ximas do produto in natura. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o processo de alta press?o na conserva??o de polpa de pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) de modo a avaliar a seguran?a microbiol?gica e a qualidade sensorial e nutricional do n?ctar obtido. O trabalho foi realizado na Embrapa Agroind?stria de Alimentos (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil). A polpa de pitanga foi processada por alta press?o hidrost?tica utilizando diferentes n?veis de press?o e tempo de reten??o, seguindo delineamento experimental do tipo composto central. Foram realizadas an?lises microbiol?gicas (para Salmonella spp., coliformes ? 45?C, aer?bios mes?filos e fungos filamentosos e leveduras), f?sico-qu?micas (pH, acidez, s?lidos sol?veis, fibras), atividade antioxidante, cor instrumental e avalia??o sensorial. Foi avaliada a vida ?til microbiol?gica do n?ctar obtido a partir da polpa pressurizada e sensorialmente atrav?s da an?lise de sobreviv?ncia (Survival Analysis). O n?ctar apresentou vida ?til superior a 35 dias, necessitando estudos subsequentes. As caracter?sticas sensoriais dos n?ctares obtidos a partir da polpa pressurizada, da polpa n?o pressurizada (controle), do controle pasteurizado e de tr?s marcas comerciais dispon?veis no mercado foram avaliadas atrav?s da aceita??o do consumidor e utilizando a metodologia check all that apply (CATA). Os dados foram analisados por An?lise de Vari?ncia, teste de m?dia, e An?lise M?ltipla de Fatores. O processamento da polpa por alta press?o foi eficaz na preserva??o do n?ctar refrigerado por at? 35 dias. N?o houve efeito negativo da APH na atividade antioxidante das amostras. Nas an?lises de cor todos os par?metros analisados (L*, a* e b*) diferiram (p<0,05) do controle (polpa n?o pressurizada) e as amostras pressurizadas. Os resultados obtidos na determina??o de concentra??o de polpa e do?ura ?ideais? para a formula??o do n?ctar de pitanga foram 36% e 10%, respectivamente. No Teste de Aceita??o as amostras pressurizada e comercial B obtiveram as maiores m?dias e na metodologia check all that apply, os termos utilizados mais frequentemente como descritores foram cor avermelhada, sabor de pitanga, presen?a de part?culas, cor atrativa, ?cido, adstringente, sabor estranho, gosto doce, gosto amargo, aspecto arenoso. Tais termos podem ser, portanto, considerados os mais apropriados na descri??o das amostras pelos consumidores.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-31T19:25:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Antonia Gomes do Nascimento.pdf: 1998725 bytes, checksum: fbd800fbafb45198f42632b3aca1a0f0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-31T19:25:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Antonia Gomes do Nascimento.pdf: 1998725 bytes, checksum: fbd800fbafb45198f42632b3aca1a0f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-27 / The present work has been developed in the municipal school Jos? Arcanjo de Deus e Silva, in the city Z? Doca-MA, with the aim of orienting the responsibles for the school nourishment about safe food and good practices of manipulation. Initially, a checklist has been applied to verify the conditions of the physical and operational structure of the canteen, with the objective of characterizing and verifying if the collaborators followed the current legislation. After that, samples of swabs have been collected on the manipulator?s hands and tools, for verifying the presence of microorganisms before and after the training. It?s been applied a half-structured questionnaire to the manipulators for obtaining informations about the scholar environment, and in addition interviews have been made with the directors of the morning and afternoon shifts. After the checklist application, some nonconformities have been identified, for which alterations have been suggested to facilitate the adequation process. It has been observed, however, that the manipulators didn?t have the knowledge about the good practices that must be adopted for obtaining a safe food and with quality, as the importance of using caps and aprons, the periodic development of laboratorial exams and the need of promoting a correct hands and food hygienization. During the activities, significants differences have been verified on the physical and operational structure, specially on the manipulators? behavior. The results of this work have demonstrated that the hygienic-sanitary school conditions are unsatisfactory, but the mobilization was effective and the hands and tool hygienization process was adequate. As a final result, a Manipulation Good Practices Manual was developed. / O presente trabalho foi realizado na escola Municipal Jos? Arcanjo de Deus e Silva, na cidade de Z? Doca-MA, com o intuito de orientar os respons?veis pela execu??o da alimenta??o escolar sobre alimento seguro e boas pr?ticas de manipula??o. Inicialmente, foi aplicado um checklist para verificar as condi??es da estrutura f?sica e operacional da cantina, cuja finalidade seria caracterizar e verificar se os colaboradores seguiam a legisla??o vigente. Em seguida, foram realizadas coletas de swabs nas m?os dos manipuladores e nos utens?lios, para verifica??o da presen?a de microrganismos antes e depois do treinamento realizado. Foi aplicado um question?rio semi-estruturado com os manipuladores para obten??o de informa??es sobre o ambiente escolar, al?m de entrevistas com os diretores dos turnos matutino e vespertino. Ap?s a aplica??o do checklist foram identificadas algumas n?o conformidades, para as quais foram sugeridas altera??es para facilitar o processo de adequa??o. Observou-se, no entanto, que os manipuladores desconheciam as boas pr?ticas que devem ser adotadas para a obten??o de um alimento seguro e de qualidade, tais como, a import?ncia da utiliza??o de toucas e aventais, a realiza??o peri?dica de exames laboratoriais e a necessidade de se promover uma higieniza??o correta das m?os e dos alimentos. Ao longo das atividades, verificou-se diferen?as significativas na estrutura f?sica e operacional, principalmente na postura dos manipuladores. Os resultados deste trabalho demonstraram que as condi??es higi?nico-sanit?rias da escola s?o insatisfat?rias, mas a sensibiliza??o foi eficaz e houve adequa??o no processo de higieniza??o das m?os e utens?lios. Como resultado final foi elaborado um Manual de Boas Pr?ticas de Manipula??o.