This study is focus on the integration and miniaturess of the active circuit and antennas. Recently, the monolithic microwave integrated circuits have been mature in communication markets and the associated handsets are interesting in the quality and profile. The antenna plays a role as a radiator in wireless system. Therefore, the performance dominates the quality of communication. The aspect of the antenna usually occupies the majority communication hardware¡¦s area. Comparing many front end circuit elements, the challenges in the antennas will be more crucial. Therefore, it has well merits in designing high integration and bandwidth antennas. Based on the integration of the active circuits stage and antennas, this work presents the aperture coupled active antenna with harmonic suppression and broadband dual feeds circularly polarized patch antenna. Utilizing the bented aperture and insertion of narrow rectangular slots on excitation edge for shifting the high order harmonic components from the active stage, the harmonic suppression characterization is implemented by the above approach. The other active antenna, braodband dual feeds circularly polarized antenna, is achieved with spatial power combining. The subject aims the different excitated patch structures and replacing the periodic feeding lines as active circuits in the discussion. Relative to the conventional 50 Ohm feeds, the mechanics of the feeds are modified with stepped impedance resonators and stubs at the same physical wave length condition for achieving the integration of the antenna and the circuit. Besides, this antenna can exhibit excellent behavior and compact the size in the effective frequency range.

This paper proposes two innovative designs for the broadband and high-gain circularly polarized operation, a corner-truncated inverted -L patch antenna and a cylindrical-probe-fed circularly polarized patch antenna using a single probe feed. Next, the broad circularly polarized printed spiral strip antenna for 5 GHz WLAN operation is studied; we also proporse a compact dual-band circularly polarized antenna for GPS/ETC operation on vechicles. In addition, an experimental study of the nearly square circularly polarized microstrip antenna with a rectangular ground plane is presented. The CP antennas are greatly affected by the different side lengths of the rectangular ground plane. To compensate for this effect, the aspect ratio of the nearly square radiating patch should be increased with the increasing aspect ratio of the rectangular ground plane.

Novel designs of printed slot antennas have been investigated in this dissertation. For the linearly polarized designs, the study of single-feed dual-frequency printed slot antennas with an open-ring conducting strip is first presented. In addition, a novel design of dual-frequency dual-loop printed slot antenna is described. As for the broadband printed slot antenna designs, a printed semicircular slot antenna with a microstripline feed is shown. The impedance bandwidth obtained reaches about 46%. For the circularly polarized designs, we propose a circularly polarized microstrip antenna with an asymmetry of the antenna structure. By choosing a suitable meandered slot, CP operation can be obtained. Finally, we apply the design concept of CP operation using a shorted section to achieve a circularly polarized printed slot antenna design. The obtained CP bandwidth of this design is greater than 8%.

Owing to the need of high-directivity radiation in fix-point communication, this thesis designs the metamaterial with 4-fold rotational symmetric unitcells. Using their nearing-zero refractive index along two polarizations, we can get gain-enhanced antenna radomes and place them above dual- and circular-polarized antenna to verify our idea. It is known that the group delay variation in a communication system causes the degradation of symbol error rate, and positive group delay (GD) causes delay in signal propagation. Therefore, this research studies the negative group delay (NGD) behavior of metamaterial. Through analyzing the GD of metamaterial equivalent circuit caused by poles and zeros, we design a novel NGD bandpass circuit. Furthermore, this thesis develops graphic method for group delay investigatiion and study the relationship between NGD, loss and gain in order to simplify the design of GD compensation circuit.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第23229号 / 工博第4873号 / 新制||工||1760(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科合成・生物化学専攻 / (主査)教授 松田 建児, 教授 杉野目 道紀, 教授 生越 友樹 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

Inkjet printing is an attractive patterning technology that has received tremendous interest as a mass fabrication method for a variety of electronic devices due to its manufacturing exibility and low-cost feature. However, the printing facilities that are being used, especially the inkjet printer, are very expensive. This thesis introduces an extremely cost-friendly inkjet printing method using a printer that costs less than $100. In order to verify its reliability, linearly and circularly polarized (CPd) planar and conformal microstrip antennas were fabricated using this printing method, and their measurement results were compared with copper microstrip antennas. The result shows that the printed microstrip antennas have similar performances to those of the copper antennas except for lower efficiency. The effects of the conductivity and thickness of the ink layer on the antenna properties were studied, and it is found that the conductivity is the main factor affecting the radiation efficiency, though thicker ink yields more effective antennas. This thesis also presents the detailed antenna design for a sub-payload. The sub-payload is a cylindrical structure with a diameter of six inches and a height of four inches. It has four booms coming out from the surface, which are used to measure the variations of the energy flow into the upper atmosphere in and around the aurora. The sub-payload has two types of antennas: linearly polarized (LPd) S-band antennas and right-hand circularly polarized (RHCPd) GPS antennas. Each type of antenna has various requirements to be fully functional for specific research tasks. The thesis includes the design methods of each type of antenna, challenges that were confronted, and the possible solutions that were proposed. As a practical application, the inkjet printing method was conveniently applied in validating some of the antenna designs.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18297号 / 工博第3889号 / 新制||工||1597(附属図書館) / 31155 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科高分子化学専攻 / (主査)教授 赤木 和夫, 教授 山子 茂, 教授 秋吉 一成 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第20412号 / 工博第4349号 / 新制||工||1674(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科合成・生物化学専攻 / (主査)教授 杉野目 道紀, 教授 松田 建児, 教授 澤本 光男 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

La polarisation de la lumière, bien que connue depuis fort longtemps, pourrait être plus exploitée. Cependant, de plus en plus d’entreprises de pointe dans les domaines de la sécurité et la transmission d’information commencent à l’utiliser. Une raison de la sous-exploitation actuelle de la polarisation vient des méthodes de polarisation, qui ont une transmission de la lumière limitée (généralement jusqu’à 45%). Afin d’outrepasser cette limite physique, un moyen est d’utiliser des matériaux fluorescents émettant une lumière polarisée. Cependant, la synthèse et la purification de tels matériaux sont compliquées et obtenir les deux énantiomères n’est pas toujours possible. Ce travail se concentre sur une nouvelle méthode de synthèse, plus simple, utilisant des nano-structures hybrides ou inorganiques hélicoïdale, et des luminophores organiques pouvant interagir ensemble. L’agrégation chirale des chromophores autour des structures formera ainsi des nano-objets fluorescents chiraux. Le premier chapitre explique comment la chiralité est aujourd’hui présente dans tous les domaines et à toutes les échelles, des molécules aux objets du quotidien. Nous y étudierons également l’induction de la chiralité à différentes échelles. Le second aspect de ce travail, l’interaction lumière-matière, sera également mis en avant, aussi bien concernant l’absorption que l’émission lumineuse, mais aussi en quoi l’assemblage des molécules peut affecter ces propriétés. Nous nous pencherons également sur les cas très particuliers du dichroïsme circulaire et de la luminescence circulairement polarisée. Pour finir, nous verrons quels sont les matériaux actuels existant pour obtenir ces propriétés et quels sont leurs inconvénients. Afin d’outrepasser ces défauts, nous avons choisi d’utiliser deux systèmes. Le premier, constitué de nano-hélices organiques dans une coque de silice a pour avantage d’utiliser à la fois une induction de chiralité par assemblage des chromophores organiques, mais aussi une seconde induction de la chiralité à l’échelle moléculaire. L’inconvénient étant que ce système n’est pas très robuste à un changement d’environnement. Pour résoudre cet inconvénient, nous n’avons conservé, dans un second temps, que la coque de silice afin de l’utiliser comme patron pour supporter le greffage covalent de luminophores à sa surface. Dans le second chapitre, la méthode de synthèse des nano-structures sera présentée. De même le choix des différents luminophores utilisés dans ces travaux sera justifié, et leur voie de synthèse, expliquée. Enfin, les différentes méthodes de caractérisation seront détaillées. Le troisième chapitre portera sur les résultats obtenus lors de l’intégration de chromophores non-chiraux dans les hélices hybrides, ou leur de greffage sur les structures inorganiques. Nous y verrons l’importance à la fois de l’assemblage intermoléculaire, mais aussi de l’interaction avec un environnement chiral, pour l’induction de chiralité dans le but d’obtenir dichroïsme circulaire et luminescence circulairement polarisée. Les différents chromophores utilisés y sont présentés et comparés permettant la mise en évidence des principaux facteurs aidant à l’induction de chiralité pour chaque type de structure. Enfin, un dernier chapitre s’intéressera à des systèmes plus complexes utilisant des molécules présentant en solution des propriétés chiro-optiques, ou ayant la capacité de s’agréger en nano-structures ayant de telles propriétés, et ce afin de savoir si leurs propriétés sont ajustables grâce à l’utilisation des hélices hybrides pour leur imposer une agrégation spécifique. Une dernière approche a également été étudiée, en synthétisant des quantum-dots carbonés fluorescents à partir des nano-structures hybrides. Ces quantum-dots, s’ils conservent la forme de la structure initiale, pourraient posséder un dichroïsme circulaire et une luminescence circulairement polarisée sans besoin de les complexer avec une molécule chirale. / The polarization of light, despite being known since long time, is recently at the center of renewed interest. More and more high technology companies in the fields of safety and information transmission are starting to exploit this property. One bottleneck for their use comes from the limitation in the light transmission of current methods of polarization (typically up to 45%). In order to overpass this physical limitation, one possible approach would be to use fluorescent materials emitting polarized light. However, the synthesis and purification of such materials is complex and obtaining both enantiomers is not always possible. The current work focus on a new synthetic pathway, possibly simpler and more versatile, using chiral hybrid or inorganic nano-helices and organic fluorophores interacting together. The aggregation of chromophores around the template will form chiral fluorescent nano-objects. The first chapter explains how chirality is present in many fields and at every scale, from molecules to daily objects. We will discuss the way of inducting or transferring chirality. The second facet of this work, light-matter interactions, will also be explained, concerning both absorption and emission of light, but also on how molecular assembly can affect these properties. We will study into detail the very particular case of circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence. Finally, we will see the existing systems that are used to obtain these properties and the drawback of these materials. In this work, we chose to use two systems. The first, constituted of organic nano-helices in a silica shell, has the advantage of using the organic template confined in chiral nano-space to induce chirality to the organic chromophores in interaction with them molecularly, but also through aggregation due to the confinement. The disadvantage being that this system is not robust toward environmental changes. The alternative approach is to use the silica shell as an inorganic template for the covalent grafting of fluorophores onto its surface. In the second chapter, the method for the synthesis of nano-structures is described, along with an explanation on the choice and synthesis of the chromophores used in this study. Finally, the characterization processes used are detailed. The third chapter will focus on the results we obtained when integrating achiral chromophores into hybrid helices or by grafting then onto the silica surface. We will see the importance of the intermolecular assembly and of the interaction with a chiral environment to obtain circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence through chiral induction. Various fluorophores are presented and compared allowing the understanding of the key parameters for chirality induction of each type of structure.In the last chapter, more complex systems are studied using molecules presenting chiroptical properties in solution state or having the ability to form self-assemblies showing such properties. The objective will be to tune the chiroptical properties of these chromophores, by the use of hybrid helices to force a specific organization. The last part will focus on the synthesis of fluorescent carbon based quantum dots using hybrid structures. These quantum dots, can retain the shape of the original structure and show circular dichroism or circularly polarized luminescence without needing to form a complex with an external source of molecular chirality.

The designs of various feeding networks for microstrip antennas have been investigated in this dissertation. In the active microstrip antenna designs, an amplifier-type microstrip antenna integrates a two- port amplifier circuitry to the various passive antennas through a 50£[ inset microstrip feed line which can function in broadband operation¡ACP operation and dual-frequency operation. As for the broadband circularly polarized microstrip antenna with a dual-perpendicular feed design, antenna with a dual-perpendicular feed which was formed by a Wilkinson power divider with a quarter-wavelength section of microstrip line for providing equal splitting of the input power and 90¢X phase difference to the two feed points has been presented. The broadband CP bandwidth can be achieved due to the good isolation between the two output lines of the feed network. In the microstrip antennas with CPW feed designs, we first proposed a microstrip antenna with three-dimensional CPW feed. A separate feed substrate is used which can provide a large-area space for the layout of complicated microwave circuitry. In addition, the feed substrate can also be oriented to the patch substrate with various angles, resulting in more flexibility in the proposed three-dimensional feed design. Finally, we proposed a design with two slot lines located at both sides of the coupling slot which can lengthen the excited patch surface current path, thus the resonant frequency is reduced and an antenna size reduction up to 40% has been obtained.