Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-10-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:23:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silvajunior_rf_dr_prud.pdf: 2357887 bytes, checksum: 2b2fc111cbab4ee669b047d8c2605ac8 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A história produziu formas hegemônicas e hegemonizadas de circulação, com base em técnicas que se sucederam e se agregaram em períodos marcados pelo desenvolvimento do par transporte – telecomunicação. Durante a globalização ocorreu a emergência de formas híbridas e fusionadas de circulação (corporativas), que se traduzem no paradigma logístico e telemático. Este paradigma da circulação também depende dos tradicionais sistemas de movimento e das tecnologias da informação e das comunicações, no entanto, a sua maior especificidade é a coordenação racional dos fluxos de mercadorias. Com o aprofundamento da divisão internacional do trabalho o comércio se complexificou, demandando logísticas territoriais das firmas como componentes estratégicas da circulação corporativa. / The history produced hegemonic forms and hegemonized of circulation, with base in techniques that happened and they joined in periods marked by the development pair transports ‐ telecommunication. During the globalization occurred the emergency in hybrid and fused ways of circulation (corporate) that are translated in the logistic paradigm and telematic. This paradigm of the circulation also depends on the traditional movement systems and of the technologies of the information and of the communications, however, largest specificity is the rational coordination of the flows of goods. With the profoundly of the international division of labour the trade if became complex, demanding territorial logistics of the firms as components strategic of the corporate circulation.

Parameterization of diapycnal mixing is required for accurate modeling of ocean circulation. Almost 50% of all warm Atlantic water flowing towards the Arctic and more than 20% of the returning cold water passes through the Faroese Channels. Diapycnal mixing in the Wyville Thomson Basin (WTB), at the centre of the Faroese Channels, removes heat from Atlantic water flowing northwards and preconditions the cooler waters flowing south over the Wyville Thomson Ridge (WTR). Direct measurements of the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy (epsilon) were obtained from the WTB in September 2007 along with CTD, LADCP and mooring data. Microstructure profiles to a depth of 800m were used to estimate diapycnal diffusivity from epsilon. Large values of epsilon (10-5 Wkg-1) were observed and diffusivity (10-2m2s-1) calculated at approximately 500m depth in a water column depth of 900m. Elevated values coincided with a very strong thermocline between surface Atlantic and cold deep waters in the WTB. Oscillations within mooring data show large O (100m) vertical displacements of the thermocline with a semidiurnal period, hence generation and breaking of tidally forced internal waves by interaction with the ridge topography is proposed as an explanation for observed high diffusivity. Non-hydrostatic 2D model data are used to explore generation and breaking mechanisms of such waves and it is shown that the WTR is an effective generator of internal tides and furthermore that baroclinic energy is trapped and dissipated within the WTB. Conservative calculation of a basin-wide diffusivity (2.51 x 10-4 m2s-1) exceeds that required to maintain global ocean circulation, but heat flux into the dense layer (~14 Wm-2) is found to influence the Faroe-Bank Channel outflow volume by <2%.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-09-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:48:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigues_id_me_prud.pdf: 1755518 bytes, checksum: 00b5b3048b31852c0c78b56950431e35 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Entre o período de 2005 a 2008, ocorreram várias investidas do governo federal brasileiro articulando ações nas diferentes instâncias do poder do aparelho de Estado (federal, estadual, municipal), na busca de impor o crivo da tributação sobre uma imensa quantidade de mercadorias. Dentre as estratégias governamentais a inauguração da nova Aduana brasileira no final de outubro de 2006, foi sem dúvida, a de maior impacto no circuito espacial de circulação das mercadorias. Este circuito é movimentado por uma grande quantidade de trabalhadores com diferentes funções no transporte, no translado, na comercialização e no consumo das mercadorias. No entanto, um estudo mais aprofundado destas relações de controle e poder aponta para uma profunda articulação entre a economia do crime e a economia burguesa, entre o mercado “negro” e o mercado legalizado, e finalmente, entre o poder do Estado e a absurda lógica da produção exacerbada do desperdício. / Whitin the period of 2005 to 2008, there were several massive mesures from the brazilian government linking actions from diffirent instance of the state establishment (federal, state, municipal) in order to asses a tax on a huge number of articles. Among those governmen strategies, the Brazilian Custom-house opened in October 2006 was, without any doubt, the measure with the greatest impact on the spatial circuit of merchandise circulation. This circuit is actioned by a large number of workers with different functions for transportation, transfer, merchandising and comsumption of goods. However, a further study of these relations of control and power shows a deep articulation betwen the ilegal economy and the burgeouis economy, between the “black” market and the legal market, and at the end, between the State power and the nonsense production logic that guides huge wastefulness.

Orientador: Eliseu Savério Sposito / Banca: Ricardo Abid Castillo / Banca: María Mônica Arroyo / Banca: Márcio Rogério Silveira / Banca: Athur Magon Whitacker / Resumo: A história produziu formas hegemônicas e hegemonizadas de circulação, com base em técnicas que se sucederam e se agregaram em períodos marcados pelo desenvolvimento do par transporte - telecomunicação. Durante a globalização ocorreu a emergência de formas híbridas e fusionadas de circulação (corporativas), que se traduzem no paradigma logístico e telemático. Este paradigma da circulação também depende dos tradicionais sistemas de movimento e das tecnologias da informação e das comunicações, no entanto, a sua maior especificidade é a coordenação racional dos fluxos de mercadorias. Com o aprofundamento da divisão internacional do trabalho o comércio se complexificou, demandando logísticas territoriais das firmas como componentes estratégicas da circulação corporativa. / Abstract: The history produced hegemonic forms and hegemonized of circulation, with base in techniques that happened and they joined in periods marked by the development pair transports ‐ telecommunication. During the globalization occurred the emergency in hybrid and fused ways of circulation (corporate) that are translated in the logistic paradigm and telematic. This paradigm of the circulation also depends on the traditional movement systems and of the technologies of the information and of the communications, however, largest specificity is the rational coordination of the flows of goods. With the profoundly of the international division of labour the trade if became complex, demanding territorial logistics of the firms as components strategic of the corporate circulation. / Doutor

Orientador: Antonio Thomas Junior / Banca: Arthur Magon Whitacker / Banca: Marcelino Andrade Gonçalves / Resumo: Entre o período de 2005 a 2008, ocorreram várias investidas do governo federal brasileiro articulando ações nas diferentes instâncias do poder do aparelho de Estado (federal, estadual, municipal), na busca de impor o crivo da tributação sobre uma imensa quantidade de mercadorias. Dentre as estratégias governamentais a inauguração da nova Aduana brasileira no final de outubro de 2006, foi sem dúvida, a de maior impacto no circuito espacial de circulação das mercadorias. Este circuito é movimentado por uma grande quantidade de trabalhadores com diferentes funções no transporte, no translado, na comercialização e no consumo das mercadorias. No entanto, um estudo mais aprofundado destas relações de controle e poder aponta para uma profunda articulação entre a economia do crime e a economia burguesa, entre o mercado "negro" e o mercado legalizado, e finalmente, entre o poder do Estado e a absurda lógica da produção exacerbada do desperdício. / Abstract: Whitin the period of 2005 to 2008, there were several massive mesures from the brazilian government linking actions from diffirent instance of the state establishment (federal, state, municipal) in order to asses a tax on a huge number of articles. Among those governmen strategies, the Brazilian Custom-house opened in October 2006 was, without any doubt, the measure with the greatest impact on the spatial circuit of merchandise circulation. This circuit is actioned by a large number of workers with different functions for transportation, transfer, merchandising and comsumption of goods. However, a further study of these relations of control and power shows a deep articulation betwen the ilegal economy and the burgeouis economy, between the "black" market and the legal market, and at the end, between the State power and the nonsense production logic that guides huge wastefulness. / Mestre

Ce travail se propose d'étudier les échanges d'expérience entre villes et les interactions d'acteurs gravitant autour de la transformation du cadre urbain, à partir du cas de l'ingénierie sanitaire. Ce domaine d'intervention, développé à partir de la fin du XIXe siècle, visant à assurer la distribution d'une eau pure et l'épuration des déchets produits par l'organisme urbain, a provoqué de nombreux phénomènes de circulation des savoirs et de l'information, entre techniciens municipaux, élus, spécialistes nationaux, administrateurs et inventeurs ou entrepreneurs, se rencontrant par toutes sortes de réseaux.L'étude fine des procédures de prise de décision, depuis la collecte de la documentation jusqu'aux inaugurations de nouveaux équipements édilitaires, laisse apercevoir le chemin complexe par lequel la modernité technique s'est implantée en ville. L'attitude de l'Etat français à l'égard des enjeux hygiéniques a évolué, mais globalement, les cadres de l'intervention ne sont guère modifiés tout au long de la première moitié du XXe siècle. Enfin, ces circulations d'information permettent de mettre en lumière une diffusion des innovations originale, qui s'opère de façon horizontale et peu hiérarchisée au sein du réseau des villes françaises. L'aspect transnational des échanges techniques est un autre caractère marquant de ce phénomène, qui montre la capacité des gouvernements locaux à mettre en place des dispositifs techniques dans le contexte d'une expertise et d'une intervention étatique relativement discrètes. / The aim of this thesis is to study the exchange of knowledge between cities and the interactions between the forces interested in the transformation of the urban environment, using the case of sanitary engineering as a starting point. This field which was intended to provide pure water to city dwellers, as well as purifying waste, rose at the end of the nineteenth century thanks to numerous phenomena of knowledge and data circulation, among different networks linking municipal engineers and officials, sanitary inspectors, national experts and inventors.A careful study of the decision-making processes, from the documentation phase to the opening ceremonies of new facilities, enables us to perceive the complex path through which modern technology penetrated cities. In France, although the attitude of the State towards hygiene issues evolved, the general frame of the intervention of public authorities remained stable during the first half of the 20th century.The circulation of information and knowledge about sanitary engineering highlights an interesting process of innovation diffusion, which worked inside the French urban network without any strong hierarchical pattern but in a rather horizontal way. A transnational dimension appears in this process which underlines the ability of local governments to implement technological facilities in a context of relatively weak State expertise and intervention.

The oceanic surface boundary layer is of great importance and interest as its dynamics provides for the exchange of energy, momentum, heat and matter between the atmosphere and the ocean. It is crucial to have a thorough understanding of physical processes that might have a significant influence on its properties and variability. In this study I consider several different facets of mixed layer/boundary layer dynamics. One aspects concerns the consequences of the nonlinearity of the equation of state in mixed layer models. The nonlinearity of the equation of state gives rise to a term in the averaged surface buoyancy flux which can be comparable in magnitude to other terms. Its magnitude is shown to be proportional to the area enclosed by the seasonal cycle of sea-surface temperature T₅ versus the oceanic heat content H. The term always represents a buoyancy input into the ocean and is compensated exactly by the buoyancy loss via cabbeling (densification on mixing) whenever the mixed layer entrains water with different properties from below. Another problem of interest is the role of the coherent wind-induced vortices, commonly known as Langmuir circulation, in generating the surface mixed layer. A simple parameterization of the mixing due to Langmuir circulation is examined in the light of an oceanic dataset. Some evidence for the validity of the parameterization is found, thus drawing attention to Langmuir's assertion that Langmuir circulation is one of the key physical processes in the oceanic boundary layer. The third aspect of surface boundary layer dynamics explored is the mean effect on mixed layer entrainment of periodic vertical movement of isopycnals in the thermocline due to non-breaking internal waves (referred to as heaving). Seasonal model runs incorporating idealized heaving show that heaving can produce significant seasonal differences in sea-surface temperature compared to a reference case without heaving. It is inferred that by periodically stretching and compressing the mixed layer, heaving causes instabilities that result in additional entrainment of colder water from below. A heaving number RH is proposed, and two parameterizations of heaving for use in mixed layer models are suggested. / Graduate

Abstract Environmental concern and tighter public regulations have created new pressures to reduce effluent loading from kraft pulp bleaching during the past decades. This trend has forced both pulp mills and the related engineering industries to develop and optimise equipment for the pulping processes which fulfils these demands. New pulp washers and washing systems connected with the introduction of new oxygen-based reagents have in particular provided considerably improved tools for reusing process water and thereby essentially reducing effluent discharge or even allowing the implementation of a totally closed water circulation system in kraft pulp bleaching. This study was performed mainly on a laboratory scale at the University of Oulu, but some pilot-scale tests were also performed to confirm the findings of the laboratory-scale evaporation test. Another aim of the pilot-scale tests was to produce enough concentrate for further processing. Conditions were strictly controlled in all the experiments in order to ensure that conclusions could be reached regarding the phenomena examined. The results reported here indicate that the amounts of transition metal ions such as iron, copper or manganese in the process water or water to be recirculated should be kept as low as possible during chlorine dioxide or peracetic acid bleaching, as even a small amount (&lt;&lt;5 ppm) markedly reduced pulp quality and increased reagent consumption. The results also show that evaporation can be used as a method for purifying acidic effluent from both chlorine dioxide and peracetic acid bleaching, and that the resulting condensates were free of transition metals and clean enough for reuse in both bleaching processes. The purity of the condensates was further improved by neutralising the feed pH of the acidic effluents from the bleach plant before evaporation. The results also indicate that the chloride ions in the concentrate arising from evaporation of the acidic effluent from chlorine dioxide bleaching can be removed by a combined acidification/re-evaporation system.

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