O presente trabalho aborda a temática da utopia pelo viés do urbano. Utilizando-se do texto no formato de uma viagem, é estabelecido um roteiro que se divide em três momentos principais: a partida, a chegada e o retorno. Parte-se da revisita a alguns dos principais utopistas da história ocidental; chega-se a um novo espaço urbano localizado além das nossas fronteiras - Cabo Polônio - e retorna-se para fazerem-se as relações entre esse inusitado destino e as utopias, seus contextos, épocas e ideários. A pesquisa propõe utilizar-se do pensamento utópico como instrumento de compreensão, reflexão e abordagem para as novas cidades - reais ou ideais. / This work concerns the theme of the utopia through urban bias. By using the text in the form of a trip, is there a roadmap that is divided into three main points: the departure, arrival and return. It starts revisiting some of the major Western utopians of history; it arrives to a new urban area located beyond our borders - Cabo Polonio - and returns it to make the relationship between this unusual destination and utopias, their contexts, times and ideas. The research proposes to use the utopian thinking as a tool for understanding, reflection and approach to the new cities - real or ideal.

abstract: Beijing, in its Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the National Economic and Social Development of Beijing (2011 – 2015), affirmed its intention to become a leading “World City with Chinese characteristics.” This research is based on an assessment of the proposed strategies contained within the 12th Five-Year plan that are grounded in the set of indicators (variables) closely associated with world city status. Indicator selection (e.g., percentage of foreign born population) is based on review of shared characteristics of world cities (e.g., Tokyo, New York, Singapore) constrained by availability of Beijing data; plus the significant academic literature on the topic from leading scholars such as Peter Hall. Using these indicators, Beijing’s baseline conditions and associated trends are established for assessment in a Status-Quo Scenario. Thereafter, interventions proposed by the Beijing Municipality to achieve world city status are evaluated. The results of this assessment will inform Beijing’s policy-makers regarding potential obstacles, pitfalls, or potential disruptions on the road to premier ‘World City’ status, and emphasize the need to undertake peremptory interventions and/or prepare contingency responses, as well as, inform stakeholders and decision-makers of critical and non-critical interventions recommended to achieve World City status by the year 2030. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Urban and Environmental Planning 2016

O presente trabalho aborda a temática da utopia pelo viés do urbano. Utilizando-se do texto no formato de uma viagem, é estabelecido um roteiro que se divide em três momentos principais: a partida, a chegada e o retorno. Parte-se da revisita a alguns dos principais utopistas da história ocidental; chega-se a um novo espaço urbano localizado além das nossas fronteiras - Cabo Polônio - e retorna-se para fazerem-se as relações entre esse inusitado destino e as utopias, seus contextos, épocas e ideários. A pesquisa propõe utilizar-se do pensamento utópico como instrumento de compreensão, reflexão e abordagem para as novas cidades - reais ou ideais. / This work concerns the theme of the utopia through urban bias. By using the text in the form of a trip, is there a roadmap that is divided into three main points: the departure, arrival and return. It starts revisiting some of the major Western utopians of history; it arrives to a new urban area located beyond our borders - Cabo Polonio - and returns it to make the relationship between this unusual destination and utopias, their contexts, times and ideas. The research proposes to use the utopian thinking as a tool for understanding, reflection and approach to the new cities - real or ideal.

Nesse estudo foram investigadas relações de iniciativas na área de Cidades Inteligentes baseadas em Tecnologia de Informação e Comunicação com as dimensões econômica, social e ambiental do Triple Bottom Line. Os objetivos foram os de verificar maneiras pelas quais as três dimensões do Triple Bottom Line foram consideradas nas iniciativas, de averiguar as relações entre Cidades Inteligentes e Tecnologia de Informação e Comunicação e, também, de identificar de que maneira indicadores das três dimensões do Triple Bottom Lineforam afetados por projetos na área de Cidades Inteligentes baseados em Tecnologia de Informação e Comunicação. A pesquisa qualitativa se deu por meio de três estudos de caso que analisaram projetos em diferentes estágios da cadeia de transformação e consumo de energia elétrica implantados em regiões urbanas do Estado de São Paulo. Além de informações primárias coletadas por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com participantes dos projetos, também foram usados dados secundários obtidos via pesquisas documental e bibliográfica. Os resultados mostraram queo desenvolvimento dos projetos foi motivado por questões de cunho tecnológico, econômico, social e estratégico. Houve benchmark para minimizar riscos, além de partes interessadas internas e externas às organizações terem sido envolvidas durante os ciclos dos projetos. A escolha dos locais de implantação foi feita para permitir o teste de tecnologias e os investimentos permitiram a geração de inovações e de lições aprendidas. Em relação à dimensão econômica do Triple Bottom Line o indicador tratando de vendas, lucros e retorno sobre investimentos foi afetado positivamente pelos projetos, mas o indicador tratando de impostos pagos foi afetado negativamente em um caso. O indicador sobre fluxos monetários foi afetado em dois casos e o indicador sobre postos de trabalho criados foi afetado positivamente em apenas um caso. O indicador sobre outros resultados econômicos apontou resultados positivos via redução do consumo de energia elétrica e de perdas técnicas e operacionais e via melhoria da qualidade de serviços prestados. Sobre os indicadores da dimensão social do Triple Bottom Line, todos os projetos afetaram positivamente os relacionados com saúde e bem-estar e com segurança e mobilidade. O indicador sobre direitos humanos e privacidade não foi afetado em nenhum dos casos e o indicador sobre relações entre empregados foi afetado em dois casos. Em relação ao indicador sobre outros impactos na comunidade, ele foi afetado em apenas um dos projetos porque conscientizou atores externos. E nos indicadores da dimensão ambiental do Triple Bottom Line, o relacionado com a emissão de poluentes e o tratando especificamente da emissão de carbono foram afetados positivamente em todos os casos. O indicador sobre reciclagem também foi afetado positivamente por todos os projetos, enquanto o indicador sobre o reuso de energia não foi afetado por nenhum dosprojetos. No que se refere aos demais impactos ambientais, aspectos ecológicos e urbanísticos foram melhorados e pode haver diminuiçãoda demanda por insumos. E o desenvolvimento dos projetos também evidenciou relações entre dimensões do Triple Bottom Line porque um dos indicadoresda dimensão econômica foi afetado porum da dimensão ambiental e também houve intersecção entre um dos indicadores da dimensão social com um da dimensão econômica. Dados os achados, esse estudo contribui para os campos de estudodas Cidades Inteligentes baseadas em Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação e das práticas de Sustentabilidade. / This study investigated the relationships between Smart Cities projects based on Information and Communication Technologies and the economic, social and environmental dimensions of the Triple Bottom Line. The aims were to verify in which ways projects took Triple Bottom Line dimensions into consideration, to ascertain the relations between Smart Cities and Information and Communication Technologies, and to identify how projects affected the indicators of the three dimensions of Triple Bottom Line. This qualitative research was carried out through three case studies that analyzed projects belonging to different stages of the electric energy transformation and consumption chain implanted in urban regions of the State of São Paulo. This study used primary data collected through semi-structured interviews with staff of the projects and secondary data obtained through bibliographic research. The results showed that the development of the projects was motivated by technological, economic, social and strategic issues. There were benchmarks to minimize risks and internal and external stakeholders participated of project development cycles. Tests of technologies were one of the criteria used to choose deployment sites and organizations obtained innovations and lessons learned. Regarding the economic dimension of the Triple Bottom Line, the indicator about sales, profits, and return on investments was positively affected by the projects, but the indicator dealing with taxes was negatively affected in one case. The indicator about monetary flows was affected by two projects and the indicator about job creation was affected positively by only one project. The indicator regarding other economic results showed positive outcomes through reduction of electricity consumption, through technical and operational losses, and through improvement in the quality of services. Regarding the indicators of the social dimension of the Triple Bottom Line, all projects positively affected the indicator related to health and well-being and the indicator related to safety and mobility. The indicator on privacy and human rights was not affected by any project and the indicator about relations between employees was affected by two projects. Regarding the indicator on other community impacts, it was affected by only one of the projects. And regarding the environmental dimension of the Triple Bottom Line, the indicator related to the emission of pollutants and the indicator dealing specifically with carbon emissions were positivelyaffected by all projects. The indicator on recycling was positively affected by all projects, while the indicator about energy recycling was not affected by any of the projects. Regarding others environmental impacts, one project can decrease the demand for inputs and other project improved ecological and urban aspects on deployment site. And the development of the projects also revealed relationships between dimensions of the Triple Bottom Line. One of the indicators from economic dimension was affected by one indicator of the environmental dimension. And there also was an intersection between one indicator of the social dimension with one indicator of the economic dimension. Given the findings, this study contributes to the field of Smart Cities based on Information and Communication Technologies and contributes to the field of Sustainability

This is a study of India's major cities and how they are faring under the conditions of contemporary globalisation. This contemporary globalisation is a part of the economic globalisation that took place in India especially after 1991, when the new economic policies were incorporated. These new economic policies were targeted at making India integrate into the larger world economy by introducing more open trade. The sectors that received major attention under the new policies were industrial and the services sector as a whole with particular emphasis on producer services (banking and insurance). As a result of liberalisation and privatisation of these sectors many new producer services firms came up in major Indian cities. Therefore, the main focus is on the inter-city relations based upon the type of advance producer services firms that are operating from these cities. Also it looks at the nodes that the major Indian cities form in larger world city network.

Current projections indicate that by 2050, two in every three people will live in urban areas, and that cities will accommodate 3 billion people during this period. Cities are consuming three-quarters of the world's energy and causing three-quarters of global pollution. To reduce these impacts, new technologies have been considered in the development of smart sustainable cities, but technology has not always favoured the idea of sustainable consumption. To address this issue, we have aimed to focus on identifying the role of sustainable consumption within implementations of smart cities’ projects across Europe. We have selected a set of smart city projects in 76 cities in Europe from CONCERTO initiatives, Mapping Smart Cities in Europe, Energy Study for the Stockholm Region and Joint European Support for Sustainable Investment in City Areas and classified them according to: smart governance, smart mobility, smart living, smart environment, smart citizens and smart economy. Furthermore, we established a number of categories for the classification of the evaluated projects based on their relevance to sustainable consumption, and considered several solutions for the integration of sustainable consumption in smart sustainable cities. The results show that in 18.9% of the projects, sustainable consumption is not relevant at all. The second classification shows the percentage of the remaining categories where sustainable consumption is relevant; 8.3% consider sustainable consumption as relevant even though it was not implemented in the project. These cities aim to achieve a higher level of sustainable consumption, which is expected to be included in future projects. If they keep themselves in this category, their behavioural consumption patterns will not change and the impact of citizens on the cities will remain the same. The majority of the projects, 54.2%, implemented technology to reduce consumption but if the projects do not coincide with the behaviour of citizens, a big rebound effect will occur. 37.5% of the projects consider relevant sustainable consumption to its full potential and this can change citizen’s behaviour. In conclusion, sustainable consumption is relevant in most of the projects analysed, with new technologies available to help energy savings and reduction of our consumption. However, if there is a lack of smart consumption from the citizens, the technologies available might not be sufficient and consumption could increase. One quarter of the analysed smart cities projects still do not consider the consumption behaviour of the citizens. This can be changed through campaigns and explanations targeting the population on how to manage and reduce energy and resource consumption. To reduce the negative impact of the cities’ growth, projects considering smart sustainable cities need to integrate sustainable consumption policies that account for citizens' behaviour.

Urbanization and climate change are two of the most important issues of our days. Many attempts have been made to define the most sustainable way to organise cities in order to cope with the increased population, while simultaneously being climate friendly, socially acceptable and economically viable. This master thesis focuses on the comparison of the sustainability performance of two particular theoretically planned urban forms, located in the suburban area of Stockholm – a “compact city”-like neighborhood and a “garden-city”-like neighbourhood. It was decided that the focus would be on the carbon footprint of the representative residences of each urban form, with the help of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); and that overall sustainability criteria for neighbourhoods would after wards be assessed, having a certification system forsustainable neighbourhoods (CityLab for districts, in particular) as a framework for a – mostly theoreticalassessment. After the exploring of the differences in the sustainability performance(environmental and social) of the two assessed urban forms, a discussion is made concerning the relationship between urban form and sustainability and conditions under which the most sustainable urban form could be achieved. The results of the analysis highlight that the concept “one size fits all” cannot conform to urban planning decisions, since cities should be able to adjust to the needs of each generation.

Thesis (M.Dev. (Planning and Management)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / Population development planning has continued to be a battle for both developed and developing countries, as such it has been used as an exploitative tool and a political instrument to manipulate societies. China has offered a perfect example with its one-child policy. Although china’s one-child policy has been in use for over 35 years, and this approach was to control the fertility rate under the notion of planned and facilitated economic growth. The temporary brake measure saw its epic fail in the current 21st century; this resulted in the loosening and relaxed approach of the two-child policy as a measure towards population development planning. The relaxed policy and the Chinese withdrawal from controlling the reproductive systems of communities came soon after the realisation of the current underdevelopment within the country. The support from political allies and the rushed policy implementation was likely fuelled by the lack of understanding in terms of population development and planning. To solicit the incision of the study, qualitative data analysis, thick descriptions and classifications were utilised. Thick descriptions involved the expressions of meaning, contexts and, where relevant, intentions relating to conceptions, approaches and determinants of population development were planned. Contexts included the geographic, cultural, policy, historical, demographical, legislative, social, economic, political, and environmental and so on for Southern Africa and its states. Planning is value-laden; therefore, intentions relating to the adoption of family planning policies and their confusion with population development planning in Southern Africa will be discussed. For quantitative data, PCA was used to analyse the data into a variety of summary statistics. Irrespective of varied reasons presented as the culprit of ineffective population development in planning, this study argues that determinants of population development should be primate to attendant planning in Southern Africa.

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