In Kiruna, a city transformation is taking place as a result of the mining company LKAB's iron ore mining. As the mining goes deeper, the city is affected above ground. The central parts of the city and 33% of the population will, according to the prognosis, be directly affected by the forthcoming urban transformation. The aim of the study is to reach an increased understanding of how individuals who are affected in different ways by urban transformation experience and create meaning in a new situation. The study also aims to investigate whether power dimensions have an impact on sensemaking and how it manifests itself. Furthermore, the study aims to investigate whether it is possible to find any common opinions in the creation of meaning despite the different individual backgrounds and experiences. The study’s results are based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with individuals who are in some way affected by urban transformation. The theoretical framework of the study is based primarily on Weick's theory of sensemaking and then supplemented by a perspective of power since there is a lack of this in Weick's theory usually ignores it. The study also takes into account Gidden's concept of trust and ontological security to be used in the analysis of the study's results. The results of the study show that there are a number of factors that affect an individual's sensemaking. Some of the factors that are important for sensemaking are access to information, the possibility of participation and power in relation to the sense of control. / I Kiruna sker en stadsomvandling till följd av gruvföretaget LKABs malmbrytning. En malmkropp lutar in under staden och i takt med att brytningen går djupare påverkas staden ovan jord. Stadens centrala delar och 33 procent av befolkningen kommer enligt prognosen direkt påverkas av den kommande stadsomvandlingen. Syftet med studien är att nå en ökad förståelse för hur individer som på olika sätt berörs av stadsomvandlingen upplever och skapar mening i en för dem ny situation. Studien syftar även till att undersöka om maktdimensioner har någon inverkan på meningsskapande och hur det i så fall yttrar sig. Vidare syftar studien till att undersöka om det går att finna några gemensamma uppfattningar i meningsskapandet trots individernas olika upplevelser och erfarenheter. Studiens resultat baseras på kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med individer som på något sätt påverkas av stadsomvandlingen. Studiens teoretiska ramverk utgår främst från Weicks teori om meningsskapande och kompletteras med ett maktperspektiv då teorin vanligtvis bortser från det. Studien tar också hänsyn till Giddens begrepp tillit och ontologisk trygghet vilka används för att analysera studiens resultat. Resultatet av studien visar att det finns ett antal omständigheter som påverkar en individs meningsskapande. Några av omständigheterna som har betydelse för meningsskapandet är tillgången till information, möjligheten till delaktighet samt makt i relation till känslan av kontroll.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to detect and explain changes in functional use and structure of retail and services and its perceptions by residents on a case study of Prague 2. During the period 1989 - 2013 in Prague 2 and in representative types of its streets was studied the transformation of commercial and residential uses, retail and service structure and residential perceptions. By analyzing of available data in Prague 2 was shown that in the context of the processes affecting the post-socialist city increased the importance of commercial functions and structure of retail and services changed. The dynamics of changes in the streets differs based on their hierarchical position. In the streets diversified level of the external appearance of establishments at present. From structured interviews with residents of representative streets revealed that changes were perceived diversely and their satisfaction with the retail and services structure in neighbourhood was evaluated positively and negatively. Key words: city transformation; commercial function; perception; Prague 2

LKABs malmbrytning i Kiruna har pågått i över hundra år och har vuxit i takt med staden. Kiruna växte fram som ett samhälle i närhet till Kiirunavaaragruvan men den gruvdrift som sker i gruvan har resulterat i att sprickbildningar har uppkommit under staden. Markdeformationerna från gruvan sprider sig i takt med malmbrytningen in mot Kiruna stad och större delen av centralorten ligger idag innanför deformationslinjen. Då LKAB år 2003 presenterade sin nya prognos för markdeformationer stod det klart att Kiruna centralort skulle komma att genomgå en stadsomvandling på grund av denna.   Denna uppsats syftar till att följa de avväganden och ställningstaganden som tagits för valet av lokalisering av Kiruna centralort och avslutas med en diskussion om de lokaliseringsalternativ som har beaktats samt det alternativ som har antagits.   Arbetet baseras på en omfattande dokumentstudie och en internetbaserad intervju som skickades ut till utvalda berörda aktörer. / The company LKABs ore mining in Kiruna has been active for over a hundred years and has grown in pace with the city. Kiruna grew as a city in close proximity to the mine Kiirunavaara and the mining business that has resulted in ground deformations in the city. The ground deformations from the mine is spreading in the pace of the ore mining on its way to Kiruna city and the majority of the city centre is located within the deformation-line. In 2003 when LKAB presented the prognosis of the ground deformations it was clear that Kiruna city centre had to undergo an urban transformation.   This paper seeks to analyse the considerations and positions taken in the process of choosing a new position for the city centre of Kiruna. The sixth chapter will include a discussion concerning the chosen position of the relocation.   The paper is based on an extensive literature study and a survey which was sent to selected involved players.

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of Doctor of Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2017. / The need to quantify and model transformations that have taken place in the cities of South Africa is one of the grand challenges linked to country’s transition to Democracy. Given the complexities associated with different stages of city transformation, it is imperative that models used to unpack processes of city transformation are novel. In this study it emerged that statistical methods alone are not adequate to fully present, in a comprehensible way, all facets of drivers of city transformation. As a result, statistical methods have been combined with mathematical and system dynamics models. Results revealed that city transformations derive from a number of triggers. Underlining these are income, migration and houses. The empirical data collected through questionnaire survey that was later incorporated into mathematical models demonstrated that income is a primary driver that fuels city migration. System Dynamic Models demonstrated that the availability of houses or accommodation serve as constraints that keep the city population within the limits of the carrying capacity of a city. In addition it was further confirmed, through mathematical models that income has varying effects on the attractiveness of cities. This was found to be linked to the shape of the distribution of income in the city. A normally distributed income with a peak in the middle results in a city being more attractive than an evenly distributed income that peaks either at very low or high income levels. This observation brought forth a need to test heterogeneity when analyzing city transformation using income as an index. Mathematical Models that incorporated heterogeneity demonstrated the usefulness of systems analysis in unpacking the mechanism of city transformation, a component of city management that requires serious consideration for planning, budgeting and provision of limited resources like houses in the cities. Success of methods used in this study led to a conclusion that these can be enhanced through other techniques like agent based models. With this call, improvements on this study that can be attained through these techniques are recommended. This will enrich the understanding of the transformation and dynamics of cities under different conditions than those that exist in South Africa. / D