La presente tesis tiene por finalidad verificar las condiciones de seguridad en el diseño de curvas horizontales de vía utilizando esta herramienta de vanguardia de Autodesk: Vehicle Tracking y AutoCAD Civil 3D versión 2015 en la cual se ha utilizado los parámetros de la norma peruana vigente (DG-2013) publicada por el MTC (Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones). Este software nos permite simular las maniobras de giro de vehículos en proyectos de ingeniería civil y de transporte. Esencial para un diseño preciso y rentable de intersecciones, glorietas, terminales de transporte y áreas de carga y descarga, es un activo para cualquier proyecto que involucre el diseño de accesos de vehículos, gálibos (Marca o luces que señala las dimensiones máximas permitidas a un vehículo para el paso por un túnel o un puente) y maniobrabilidad. Para la explicación de esta tesis se han elegido tres casos para las simulaciones uno de ellos consta parte del proyecto ejecutado del Plan Binacional de Desarrollo de la Región Fronteriza Perú – Ecuador cuya ejecución fue prevista en un periodo de 12 años (2000-2009). Entre estos destacan cinco ejes viales binacionales que tienen por objetivos conformar una red de conexión de la zona fronteriza común en este caso se ha elegido el mejoramiento y Rehabilitación de la carretera Sullana – El Alamor eje vial N°02 de la interconexión vial Perú – Ecuador. El siguiente caso se refiere al Ovalo Gutiérrez también conocido como rotonda, glorieta o redondela es una intersección de carreteras (rutas), avenidas o calles que se confluyen están conectadas entre sí mediante un anillo. Estas minimizan el riesgo de accidente ya que fuerzan a reducir la velocidad El tercer caso se refiere a las intersecciones urbanas ofrecen un potencial de investigación en diseño geométrico de vías. En los últimos años, la demanda vial ha crecido por el aumento del número de vehículos automotores, se puede decir que la oferta es bastante inferior a la demanda de tránsito. Esto ha traído como consecuencia incrementos en la congestión, demoras, accidentes y problemas ambientales, bastante mayores que los considerados aceptables. Contamos con la capacidad, la topografía, los conocimientos, las condiciones de mejorar la vida de la malla vial y también con la necesidad de disponer de un instrumento idóneo para afrontar la solución de la actual problemática. Finalmente como aporte de la tesis verificaremos si los sobreanchos según la norma peruana. Si bien es cierto que la velocidad de diseño que es la máx. velocidad que se puede tomar para permitir garantizar seguridad y comodidad el cual va directamente relacionado con el cálculo y elección del radio mínimo utilizando la tabla 302.02 de la DG-2013.(Ministerio de Transportes y. , Agosto, 2014)

In order to create a complete BIM-model of a whole project, it is common thatseveral programs and software-suites are used. It is beneficial if the models producedin these programs are compatible with each other, in order to improve theeffectiveness of the construction process as a whole. If a model created in oneprogram has to be altered in order to be compatible with another the result is excesswork.Designers, utilizing Civil 3D, more often than not have to alter constructions whichare to be part of a surface-model. This creates a situation where the construction hasto be modelled twice as Civil 3D cannot use the original model. The purpose of thisessay is to research the problems pertaining to surface creation in Civil 3D and theconsequences they have for designers.To better understand the process of surface creation of an object containing verticalparts a practical study of the subject has been carried out in Civil 3D. A simpleconstruction was created in Revit and imported to Civil 3D as to create a surface ofthe highest parts of the construction.The methods used by designers working in Civil 3D were researched as a qualitativestudy by means of surveys and interviews. The result of the study makes it clear thatthe respondents are dependent on models from different fields involved in the sameproject. As the models do not automatically adapt to the software used by thedesigners in question a considerable amount of manual reconstruction of models areneeded. Fundamentally, the issue is two-fold. Firstly, designers depend upon 3Dmodels and objects created by others. Secondly, Civil 3D cannot render verticalsurfaces or overhangs while creating surfaces. Knowledge about the way Civil 3Dworks and utilizing methods avoiding future problems before they occur has thepotential to improve workflow. Sufficient communication between parties involvedalso results in a more effective process.

La presente tesis tiene por finalidad verificar las condiciones de seguridad en el diseño de curvas horizontales de vía utilizando esta herramienta de vanguardia de Autodesk: Vehicle Tracking y AutoCAD Civil 3D versión 2015 en la cual se ha utilizado los parámetros de la norma peruana vigente (DG-2013) publicada por el MTC (Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones). Este software nos permite simular las maniobras de giro de vehículos en proyectos de ingeniería civil y de transporte. Esencial para un diseño preciso y rentable de intersecciones, glorietas, terminales de transporte y áreas de carga y descarga, es un activo para cualquier proyecto que involucre el diseño de accesos de vehículos, gálibos (Marca o luces que señala las dimensiones máximas permitidas a un vehículo para el paso por un túnel o un puente) y maniobrabilidad. Para la explicación de esta tesis se han elegido tres casos para las simulaciones uno de ellos consta parte del proyecto ejecutado del Plan Binacional de Desarrollo de la Región Fronteriza Perú – Ecuador cuya ejecución fue prevista en un periodo de 12 años (2000-2009). Entre estos destacan cinco ejes viales binacionales que tienen por objetivos conformar una red de conexión de la zona fronteriza común en este caso se ha elegido el mejoramiento y Rehabilitación de la carretera Sullana – El Alamor eje vial N°02 de la interconexión vial Perú – Ecuador. El siguiente caso se refiere al Ovalo Gutiérrez también conocido como rotonda, glorieta o redondela es una intersección de carreteras (rutas), avenidas o calles que se confluyen están conectadas entre sí mediante un anillo. Estas minimizan el riesgo de accidente ya que fuerzan a reducir la velocidad El tercer caso se refiere a las intersecciones urbanas ofrecen un potencial de investigación en diseño geométrico de vías. En los últimos años, la demanda vial ha crecido por el aumento del número de vehículos automotores, se puede decir que la oferta es bastante inferior a la demanda de tránsito. Esto ha traído como consecuencia incrementos en la congestión, demoras, accidentes y problemas ambientales, bastante mayores que los considerados aceptables. Contamos con la capacidad, la topografía, los conocimientos, las condiciones de mejorar la vida de la malla vial y también con la necesidad de disponer de un instrumento idóneo para afrontar la solución de la actual problemática. Finalmente como aporte de la tesis verificaremos si los sobreanchos según la norma peruana. Si bien es cierto que la velocidad de diseño que es la máx. velocidad que se puede tomar para permitir garantizar seguridad y comodidad el cual va directamente relacionado con el cálculo y elección del radio mínimo utilizando la tabla 302.02 de la DG-2013.(Ministerio de Transportes y. , Agosto, 2014)

The present thesis is based on the creation of templates for topographical works and roads, the development of these files with the extension dwt and xml, created under the Peruvian Regulations, are part of a tool that serves to improve the geometrical design of roads, as it is the AutoCAD Civil 3D. The design of templates in the software AutoCAD Civil 3D, improving the design of topographical works and roads, since in Perú does not exist this type of template to help the development of projects in civil engineering more easily and exactly. In this way, through the help of the software and the use of the Peruvian legislation, it can build roads of any classification in Perú. These templates also help the editing and configuration of grading and surfaces. Through their styles of grading can be controlled the visualization of the cut and fill slopes. In this way, will have a better presentation on the design, for example, a lixiviation pool or an oxidation lake. Within the archives of templates, are the templates of layout´s planes, which will help us in the elaboration of planes, also known as documents for construction, also helps us to obtain the approval of a customer, the adoption of the demands of the government, participate in bids and the registration of the conditions as if it were built. / La presente tesis se basa en la creación de plantillas para obras topográficas y viales, la elaboración de estos archivos con extensión dwt y xml, creados bajo la Normatividad Peruana, forman parte de una herramienta que sirve para mejorar el diseño geométrico de carreteras, como es el AutoCAD Civil 3D. El diseño de plantillas en el software AutoCAD Civil 3D, mejora el diseño en obras topográficas y viales, ya que en el Perú no existe este tipo de plantilla que ayuden a la elaboración de proyectos en ingeniería civil con mayor facilidad y exactitud. De esta manera, mediante la ayuda del software y el uso de la Normatividad Peruana, se pueden construir carreteras de cualquier clasificación en el Perú. Estas plantillas también favorecen en la edición y configuración del grading y superficies. Mediante sus estilos de explanación se pueden controlar la visualización de los taludes de corte y relleno. De esta manera se tendrá una mejor presentación al diseñar por ejemplo una poza de lixiviación o una laguna de oxidación. Dentro de los archivos de plantillas, se encuentran las plantillas de maquetación de planos, que nos ayuda en la elaboración de los juegos de planos, también conocidos como documentos para construcción, también nos ayuda en obtener la aprobación de un cliente, la aprobación de las exigencias del gobierno, participar en licitaciones y registro de las condiciones como si estuviera construido.

"Nowadays, many companies in the Architecture/Engineering/Construction (AEC) industry are using Building Information Modeling (BIM) in achieving a faster, sustainable and more economic project. Among the new developed concepts and BIM applications, two of the concepts most frequently used with the support of BIM technology in the planning, organization and scheduling of projects are 4D and 5D in which a 3D model is tied to its time execution (4D) at any point in time and its corresponding cost (5D). However, most of these applications concentrate on modeling the building but it does not include a corresponding modeling of the site in which the building is located. To date, there are few studies and systematic implementation of the site and the building integrated into one BIM model. This site-building integrated model can also be conceptualized as ¡°6D BIM¡± model. The benefit of integrating the site and building together into one model is that the building is no longer treated in isolation of its surround site but incorporates extremely helpful short-term and long-term information for the owner, designer, and builder regarding site topography, landscaping, access roads, ground conditions and the location of site utilities. Major existing research and technology issues that are preventing this site-building integration deal with functionality and interoperability of the BIM software, different orientation and coordination of building model and site model. The objectives of this thesis are to explore current organizational and technological issues preventing this integration, to investigate a feasible method to create a site-linked BIM model, and to discuss the benefits and limitations of bringing BIM concept to the site conditions. The research has been conducted by an extensive review on the literature related to the topic of interest published primarily by AEC. A review on current applications of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has also been included because of the wider context provided by this technology to the specific topic of this research. Related BIM software developed by three different vendors ¡ªhas been discussed and compared to determine the level of feasibility and operational features of technological support necessary to implement the site-linked BIM model. A case study based on the design and construction of the WPI Recreational & Sports Center, currently under construction, was developed to explore and understand the details that are involved in creating a new site model and to link it with the existing 3D building model. What has been learned from the analysis of this case study is presented, discussed and analyzed in terms of benefits and limitations. Recommendations for future extensions from both the research aspect and the technology support aspect finally presented. These include the creation of 3D BIM Campus Map, which is one site model with several building models placed on it to facilitate future planning of new building and/or maintenance and operation of the current buildings and campus infrastructure.   "

O crescimento da população e dos núcleos urbanos durante o século XX, sobretudo nos países em desenvolvimento, contribuiu para o aumento das áreas impermeáveis das bacias hidrográficas, com impactos importantes nos sistemas de drenagem urbana e na ocorrência de enchentes associadas. As enchentes trazem prejuízos materiais, na saúde e sociais. Recentemente, têm sido propostas práticas conservacionistas e medidas compensatórias, que buscam contribuir para o controle das enchentes urbanas, através do retardo do pico e amortecimento dos hidrogramas. Modelos matemáticos hidrológicos-hidráulicos permitem a simulação da adoção destas medidas de controle, demonstrando e otimizando sua localização. Esta dissertação apresenta os resultados da aplicação do modelo hidrológico Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) à bacia hidrográfica de estudo e representativa do rio Morto localizada em área peri-urbana em Jacarepaguá na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, com área de 9,41 km. O processamento do modelo SWMM foi realizado com o apoio da interface Storm and Sanitary Analysis (SSA), integrada ao sistema AutoCAD Civil 3D. Além da verificação da adequabilidade do modelo à representação dos sistemas hidrológico e hidráulico na bacia, foram desenvolvidos estudos para dois cenários como medidas de controle de enchentes: cenário 1, envolvendo implantação de um reservatório de detenção e, cenário 2, considerando a implantação de reservatórios de águas pluviais nos lotes. Os hidrogramas resultantes foram comparados ao hidrograma resultante da simulação nas condições atuais. Além disso, foram avaliados os custos associados a cada um dos cenários usando o sistema de orçamento da Empresa Rio Águas da PCRJ. Nas simulações foram adotadas a base cartográfica, e os dados climatológicos e hidrológicos previamente observados no contexto do projeto HIDROCIDADES, Rede de Pesquisa BRUM/FINEP, na qual este estudo se insere. Foram representados os processos de geração e propagação do escoamento superficial e de base. Durante o processo de calibração, realizou-se a análise de sensibilidade dos parâmetros, resultando como parâmetros mais sensíveis os relativos às áreas impermeáveis, especialmente o percentual de área impermeável da bacia (Ai). A calibração foi realizada através do ajuste manual de sete parâmetros do escoamento superficial e cinco do escoamento de base para três eventos. Foram obtidos coeficientes de determinação entre 0,52 e 0,64, e a diferença entre os volumes escoados e observados entre 0,60% e 4,96%. Para a validação do modelo foi adotado um evento pluviométrico excepcional observado na cidade em abril de 2010, que à época causou enchentes e grandes transtornos na cidade. Neste caso, o coeficiente de determinação foi igual a 0,78 e a diferença entre volumes foi de 15%. As principais distorções entre hidrogramas observados e simulados foram verificados para as vazões máximas. Em ambos os cenários as enchentes foram controladas. A partir destes estudos, pôde-se concluir que o melhor custo-benefício foi o cenário 2. Para este cenário, foi observado maiores amortecimento e retardo da vazão de pico do hidrograma, igual a 21,51% da vazão simulada para as condições atuais da bacia. Os custos de implantação orçados para os reservatórios de lote ficaram 52% a menos do que o do reservatório de detenção. / Population and urban occupation growth during 20th century, mainly in underdeveloped countries, contributed for increasing impermeable surfaces in drainage basins, leading to important impacts on urban drainage systems and associated floods. Floods cause material losses, healthy and social problems, apart of great disruptions in large citys mobility. Recently, a number of, non-conventional, conservative practices and compensatory measurements have been proposed seeking urban flood control, by lengthening hydrographs time lag and promoting shallow rising limb. Hydrologic-hydraulic mathematical models allow the simulation of these flood control measurements, demonstrating and optimizing their location, maximizing the benefits of their application. This dissertation presents the results of the application of the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to the representative and under study catchment of Morto River, with 9,41 km2 of area, located in a peri urban area, in Jacarepaguá, city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Storm and Sanitary Analysis (SSA) tool integrated to AutoCAD Civil 3D System supported the model processing. Apart of verifying the representativeness of the hydrologic-hydraulic modelling system to the physical processes in the Morto river catchment, two different scenarios were studied as means of flood control: scenario 1, involving the simulation of one retention reservoir and, scenario 2, involving the use of multiple distributed rainwater reservoirs in the lots. The resulting hydrographs were compared to the one for catchments actual conditions. Additionally, the associated costs for each scenario were evaluated applying the official budget system of Rio Águas of Rio de Janeiro Council. It was applied the cartographic data base, climatological and hydrological data obtained in the HIDROCIDADES Project, FINEP BRUM Research Network, under which this work has been developed. The processes of generation and propagation of runoff and baseflow were modelled. During the calibration process, was performed a sensitivity analysis of the parameters, resulting as the most sensitive parameters those related to impervious areas, especially the percentage of impervious area in the basin (Ai). Manually calibration was performed, seven parameters for runoff simulation and five for baseflow were adjusted, for three events, presenting values for the coefficient of determination between 0.52 and 0.64. The difference between simulated and observed volumes varied from 0.60% to 4.96 %. Model validation was performed for an exceptional rainfall event in April 2010, which caused floods in many places in the city. In this case, the coefficient of determination was equal to 0.78 and difference in runoff volumes equal to 15 %, being identified that the main differences are in peak flows discharges. In both scenarios floods were totally controlled. It was concluded that the best cost-benefit was for scenario 2. For this scenario it was observed the best result, considering both reduction on hydrographs peak flow discharge and increasing on time to peak. Peak flow discharge was reduced by 21,51% when compared to the simulated hydrograph for catchments current stage. It was found a much lower cost for scenario 2, the budget was 52% less than the budget for scenario 1.

O crescimento da população e dos núcleos urbanos durante o século XX, sobretudo nos países em desenvolvimento, contribuiu para o aumento das áreas impermeáveis das bacias hidrográficas, com impactos importantes nos sistemas de drenagem urbana e na ocorrência de enchentes associadas. As enchentes trazem prejuízos materiais, na saúde e sociais. Recentemente, têm sido propostas práticas conservacionistas e medidas compensatórias, que buscam contribuir para o controle das enchentes urbanas, através do retardo do pico e amortecimento dos hidrogramas. Modelos matemáticos hidrológicos-hidráulicos permitem a simulação da adoção destas medidas de controle, demonstrando e otimizando sua localização. Esta dissertação apresenta os resultados da aplicação do modelo hidrológico Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) à bacia hidrográfica de estudo e representativa do rio Morto localizada em área peri-urbana em Jacarepaguá na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, com área de 9,41 km. O processamento do modelo SWMM foi realizado com o apoio da interface Storm and Sanitary Analysis (SSA), integrada ao sistema AutoCAD Civil 3D. Além da verificação da adequabilidade do modelo à representação dos sistemas hidrológico e hidráulico na bacia, foram desenvolvidos estudos para dois cenários como medidas de controle de enchentes: cenário 1, envolvendo implantação de um reservatório de detenção e, cenário 2, considerando a implantação de reservatórios de águas pluviais nos lotes. Os hidrogramas resultantes foram comparados ao hidrograma resultante da simulação nas condições atuais. Além disso, foram avaliados os custos associados a cada um dos cenários usando o sistema de orçamento da Empresa Rio Águas da PCRJ. Nas simulações foram adotadas a base cartográfica, e os dados climatológicos e hidrológicos previamente observados no contexto do projeto HIDROCIDADES, Rede de Pesquisa BRUM/FINEP, na qual este estudo se insere. Foram representados os processos de geração e propagação do escoamento superficial e de base. Durante o processo de calibração, realizou-se a análise de sensibilidade dos parâmetros, resultando como parâmetros mais sensíveis os relativos às áreas impermeáveis, especialmente o percentual de área impermeável da bacia (Ai). A calibração foi realizada através do ajuste manual de sete parâmetros do escoamento superficial e cinco do escoamento de base para três eventos. Foram obtidos coeficientes de determinação entre 0,52 e 0,64, e a diferença entre os volumes escoados e observados entre 0,60% e 4,96%. Para a validação do modelo foi adotado um evento pluviométrico excepcional observado na cidade em abril de 2010, que à época causou enchentes e grandes transtornos na cidade. Neste caso, o coeficiente de determinação foi igual a 0,78 e a diferença entre volumes foi de 15%. As principais distorções entre hidrogramas observados e simulados foram verificados para as vazões máximas. Em ambos os cenários as enchentes foram controladas. A partir destes estudos, pôde-se concluir que o melhor custo-benefício foi o cenário 2. Para este cenário, foi observado maiores amortecimento e retardo da vazão de pico do hidrograma, igual a 21,51% da vazão simulada para as condições atuais da bacia. Os custos de implantação orçados para os reservatórios de lote ficaram 52% a menos do que o do reservatório de detenção. / Population and urban occupation growth during 20th century, mainly in underdeveloped countries, contributed for increasing impermeable surfaces in drainage basins, leading to important impacts on urban drainage systems and associated floods. Floods cause material losses, healthy and social problems, apart of great disruptions in large citys mobility. Recently, a number of, non-conventional, conservative practices and compensatory measurements have been proposed seeking urban flood control, by lengthening hydrographs time lag and promoting shallow rising limb. Hydrologic-hydraulic mathematical models allow the simulation of these flood control measurements, demonstrating and optimizing their location, maximizing the benefits of their application. This dissertation presents the results of the application of the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to the representative and under study catchment of Morto River, with 9,41 km2 of area, located in a peri urban area, in Jacarepaguá, city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Storm and Sanitary Analysis (SSA) tool integrated to AutoCAD Civil 3D System supported the model processing. Apart of verifying the representativeness of the hydrologic-hydraulic modelling system to the physical processes in the Morto river catchment, two different scenarios were studied as means of flood control: scenario 1, involving the simulation of one retention reservoir and, scenario 2, involving the use of multiple distributed rainwater reservoirs in the lots. The resulting hydrographs were compared to the one for catchments actual conditions. Additionally, the associated costs for each scenario were evaluated applying the official budget system of Rio Águas of Rio de Janeiro Council. It was applied the cartographic data base, climatological and hydrological data obtained in the HIDROCIDADES Project, FINEP BRUM Research Network, under which this work has been developed. The processes of generation and propagation of runoff and baseflow were modelled. During the calibration process, was performed a sensitivity analysis of the parameters, resulting as the most sensitive parameters those related to impervious areas, especially the percentage of impervious area in the basin (Ai). Manually calibration was performed, seven parameters for runoff simulation and five for baseflow were adjusted, for three events, presenting values for the coefficient of determination between 0.52 and 0.64. The difference between simulated and observed volumes varied from 0.60% to 4.96 %. Model validation was performed for an exceptional rainfall event in April 2010, which caused floods in many places in the city. In this case, the coefficient of determination was equal to 0.78 and difference in runoff volumes equal to 15 %, being identified that the main differences are in peak flows discharges. In both scenarios floods were totally controlled. It was concluded that the best cost-benefit was for scenario 2. For this scenario it was observed the best result, considering both reduction on hydrographs peak flow discharge and increasing on time to peak. Peak flow discharge was reduced by 21,51% when compared to the simulated hydrograph for catchments current stage. It was found a much lower cost for scenario 2, the budget was 52% less than the budget for scenario 1.

The thesis deals with the issues of digital terrain model creation. It aims to explain the solution of an international contract, starting from gathering the data and finishing with the creation and visualization of the digital terrain model of the given location. The software AutoCAD Civil 3D 2013 is used for modeling. Main outcomes of the thesis are volume calculation of flood line, contoured map of the dam area, the digital model and its visualization.

Inom byggbranschen talas det idag mycket om BIM (Building Information Modelling). Det finns ettbehov av att komma ifrån skräddarsydda 2D-ritningar och istället använda sig av informationsrika 3Dmodellersom brukas genom hela konstruktionens livscykel. Denna utveckling har länge pågått inomhuskonstruktion, men i anläggningssektorn är detta arbetssätt svårare att implementera.Svårigheten att få in ett mer BIM-orienterat arbetssätt inom anläggning beror dels på att mångaprogramvaror inte är tillräckligt utvecklade för att kunna skapa informationsrika och tillförlitligamodeller av konstruktioner med komplexa geometrier, så som broar.I takt med att Trafikverket, som är den största beställaren i Sverige, börjar ställa krav på 3D måstebåde tekniken och människans arbetssätt utvecklas.Syftet med detta examensarbete är att genom en fallstudie undersöka hur lämpade programmen TeklaStructures och AutoCAD Civil 3D är för att utföra en 3D-modell av en dubbelkrökt bro. Programmenställs sedan mot varandra i en avslutande jämförelse där fördelar och nackdelar presenteras.Studien har gjort det tydligt att BIM inte bara handlar om att skapa en informationsrik modell, utan omett arbetssätt som helt och hållet förändrar byggsektorn till att arbeta mer samordnat och effektivt.Jämförelsen mellan de två berörda programvarorna i denna studie visar att de båda har styrkor ochsvagheter men att båda lämpar sig bra för vårt ändamål. Dock skiljer de sig åt i detaljeringsgrad ochhur bra förmåga de har att vara till hjälp för att arbeta med BIM i större utsträckning. / Within the construction industry, there is a lot of discussion around BIM (Building InformationModelling). There is a need to move away from customized 2D-drawings and instead focus oninformative models which can be used throughout the whole cycle of construction. This developmenthas been ongoing within house construction, but this approach is harder to implement within thefacility sector.The difficulty in implementing a more BIM-oriented approach within construction is partly due tosoftware currently not being fully developed to create informative and reliable models of constructionswith complex geometries, such as bridges.Since Trafikverket, the largest construction developer within Sweden, has started to place a largerdemand on 3D there is a need for both technology and human resource to develop.The aim of this dissertation is to present a case study investigating the suitability of the software TeklaStructure and AutoCAD Civil 3D to perform a 3D-model of a double-curved bridge. The two pieces ofsoftware will be contrasted in a final comparison whereby both pros and cons will be presented.The study has made it clear that BIM is not just about creating an informative model, but it is alsoabout an approach which has the ability to completely change the construction sector to work morecollaboratively and effectively.The comparison between the two relevant software in this study shows that they both have strengthsand weaknesses and are suitable for our purpose. However, they differ in how detailed models theycan create and how well they have the ability to work with BIM to a greater extent.

Creación de superficie utilizando curvas de nivel en Autodesk Civil 3D 2006.