En France, depuis les années 1990, la polarité traditionnelle service public / fonction publique est mise en cause par des mesures de privatisation et d'externalisation des services publics d'une part, et par la contractualisation et la « managérialisation » de la fonction publique d'autre part. Ces tendances s'observent également en Chine dans la construction d'un système de services publics à partir des années 1990, et dans l'instauration d'une fonction publique décidée à la fin des années 1980 et entérinée par la loi du 27 avril 2005 « sur les agents publics ». Malgré les divergencespolitiques et culturelles entre les deux pays, on constate non seulement un même mouvement de recul de l'administration publique dans la gestion des services publics, mais aussi l'influence croissante du droit privé sur le droit de la fonction publique. Le droit public, en tant qu'il régit traditionnellement le service public et la fonction publique, est dès lors mis en question tant au niveau de son périmètre qu'au niveau de sa substance. À mesure que la relation entre service publicet fonction publique se distend, la corrélation entre les finalités de l'État et les structures administratives devient moins évidente. Dans ce contexte, la comparaison des droits français et chinois éclaire les transformations en cours du droit public. / In France, since the 1990s, the traditional polarity public service / civil service is questioned by privatization and public services outsourcing on the one hand, and by contracting and "managerialization" of civil service on the other hand. These trends are also observed in China in the construction of a public services system from 1990s, and in the establishment of a civil service decided in the late 1980s and endorsed by the Law of 27 April 2005 on Public Servants. In spite of the political and cultural differences between the two countries, there is a converging movement : the public administration steps back from the public services management, while the private law grows its influence on the civil service law. Public law, as it traditionally governs the public service and the civil service, is therefore challenged both in its scope and in its substance. As the relationship between public services and civil service distends, the correlation between the purposes of state and the administrative structures is less obvious. In this context, the comparison of French and Chinese laws illuminates the ongoing transformations of public law.

MA (Political Studies) / Department of Political Studies / The adoption of the constitution in 1996 has opened a new era of establishing a local government system that recommended that municipalities be established for the whole territory of the republic of South Africa. The white paper on “Local Government adopted by Cabinet in March 1998 outlined framework and programmes to guide municipalities to commit to work with citizens and groups within the communities to find sustainable ways to meet their social, economic and material needs to improve the quality of their lives”. Since 2007 epidemic service delivery protests started to be a national problem where 80 percentages of service delivery protests between the periods of 2007-2014 were violent. For instance, Musina Municipality experienced violent service delivery during the period of 2007-2014 where its properties, economy and people’s lives were in stake. Therefore, this study was driven by the need to analyse the implications of service delivery protests on the economy of Musina Municipality. A qualitative method approach to investigate the problem of service delivery protests implications on stability and economy in Musina Municipality will be used. A case study regarding service delivery effectiveness and violence used by people as a response and expression of a plea to be heard by their municipality will be investigated. / NRF

Mozambique is undergoing intensive socio-economic reforms to reconstruct war damages and develop the nation. The reforms consist of economic liberalisation through structural adjustment and monetarist economic stabilisation, e.g. government withdrawal from economic activities, privatisation, deregulation, reduction of tariff levels on imports and tax on investments, cuts of expenditure on social services, restrictive credit system, focus on monetarism, increased taxation on individual income, etc. The nature of these reforms, on the surface, leads to morally questionable conditions. There is social chaos and disintegration, high indices of corruption, subtle recolonisation, decline of civil services, etc. At the bottom lie the market ethics and fundamentalist theological discourse by dint of which the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund deny historical consciousness, lack institutional memory, vest themselves with unquestionable international authority, dictate and impose policies without accountability for the social consequences. If there is any hope for Mozambicans, it lies in development ethics which relies heavily on the liberation motif, historical consciousness, and African Heritage. / Philosophy, Practical & Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Theological Ethics)

Mozambique is undergoing intensive socio-economic reforms to reconstruct war damages and develop the nation. The reforms consist of economic liberalisation through structural adjustment and monetarist economic stabilisation, e.g. government withdrawal from economic activities, privatisation, deregulation, reduction of tariff levels on imports and tax on investments, cuts of expenditure on social services, restrictive credit system, focus on monetarism, increased taxation on individual income, etc. The nature of these reforms, on the surface, leads to morally questionable conditions. There is social chaos and disintegration, high indices of corruption, subtle recolonisation, decline of civil services, etc. At the bottom lie the market ethics and fundamentalist theological discourse by dint of which the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund deny historical consciousness, lack institutional memory, vest themselves with unquestionable international authority, dictate and impose policies without accountability for the social consequences. If there is any hope for Mozambicans, it lies in development ethics which relies heavily on the liberation motif, historical consciousness, and African Heritage. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Theological Ethics)