Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:23:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3256464 bytes, checksum: d7068cce3f5e09eaf57eee2189de5388 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work linked to the research line of Regional Hystory Graduate Program in History of the Federal University of Paraíba, with a major in History Culture aims to discuss the hygiene oh the body in the city of Parahyba. During the early twentieth century several media devices such as the newspapers A Imprensa and A União and the Era Nova magazine, were launched with the function of regulating the population of Paraiba from the new so-called civilizing precepts. Added to this documentation to the reports of Public Health and Hygiene Inspectorate under the guidance of doctors dictate standards of conduct, cleanliness and hygiene for the body mind and soul. The selected area was opened in 1912, the year the city Parahyba started to fear the ―terrible invasion‖ of bubonic plague that devastated the cold city of Campina Grande and ends in 1924, year that the Medical Society of Paraíba organized the Medical Week, a scientific event that had the objective of discussing eugenics and hygiene and its application in the city, in schools and in the body. The dissertation takes its inspiration from the body and the Historiography of the body and medicalization, developed mostly from the late twentieth century, due to the dialogue of history with other disciplines, like sociology, anthropology and medicine. Analyzing the cleanliness of the body in the city of Parahyba was walking through a world that reeked of sour, monuments of garbage and mud puddles, were created, for people who mixed with filth and realizing that this model that was once dirty little by little was replaced by the clean. Principles dictated by the teaching manuals of civility who wanted historical healthy bodies of clean and fragrant. / Este trabalho vinculado à linha de pesquisa História Regional do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, com área de concentração em História e Cultura Histórica tem por objetivo discutir a higienização do corpo na cidade da Parahyba. Durante o início do século XX vários dispositivos midiáticos como os jornais A Imprensa e A União e a revista Era Nova, apresentavam, nos seus discursos, preceitos ditos civilizatórios, a partir de normas que deveriam ser seguidas pela população paraibana. Somam-se a essa documentação os relatórios da Saúde Pública e da Inspectoria de Hygiene que sob a orientação dos médicos ditavam normas de conduta, asseio para o corpo e higiene da mente e da alma. O recorte escolhido tem início em 1912, ano em que a cidade da Parahyba passou a temer a ―terrível invasão‖ da peste bubônica que assolava a fria cidade de Campina Grande, e termina em 1924, com a organização da Semana Médica, um evento científico, da Sociedade de Medicina da Paraíba, que teve a função de discutir eugenia e higienização e sua aplicação na cidade, nas escolas e no corpo. A dissertação tem como inspiração a Historiografia do Corpo e da Medicalização, desenvolvida, principalmente, a partir do final do século XX, devido ao diálogo da História com outras disciplinas, a exemplo da Sociologia, Antropologia e a Medicina. Analisar a higiene do corpo na cidade da Parahyba foi passear por uma cidade de início do século XX, com suas mazelas, a exemplo dos maus odores, dos monumentos de lixo e poças de lama, em que as pessoas que se amontoavam misturando-se a imundície. Corpos sujos que aos poucos foram substituídos pelo limpo. Princípios ditados pelos manuais pedagógicos de civilidade que desejavam corpos de sujeitos históricos hígidos e cheirosos.

The thesis consists of theoretical and practical parts. The practical part represents a series of paintings in which the author is engaged in transcription of personal experiences and impressions of the world marked by a human phenomenon. The theoretical part discusses the quest for the ultimate artistic output and initiatives, which led the author to comment on this topic. In the context of finding appropriate means of expression for the final artistic output, the author reflects on the diversity of artistic approaches and methods used in the presentation of issues of civilization in the world of art.

The utilisation of minerals in Ancient Egyptian medicine from procurement through to use is examined here in a case study investigating the role of sodium salts. The sodium salts, salt and natron are two of the three most commonly used minerals in the Egyptian pharmacopeia. The results of the project are important to medical historians and archaeomineralogists alike in that they formulate a systematic understanding of the way in which minerals were used in medical and medically associated industries. Key sources of salt and natron were examined and the Wadi Natrun was identified as the probable main site of natrun exploitation. A comprehensive study conducted of this area involved examining sources of a historical geographical nature and analysis of mineralogical samples gathered from fieldwork in the Wadi Natrun. From the source of exploitation, natron and salt were sold to the Egyptians to be used in a number of everyday industries as well as for their use in medical and medically associated industries. Salt and natron were found to be used for their astringent and cleansing qualities, and are still being used in traditional medical formulations. Prescription replication showed that these substances worked effectively. Additional research into medically associated industries showed commonality between sodium salts use between all three industries investigated. The results of this research shows that a comprehensive study of the use of minerals in medicine could be established. Primary sites of exploitation of both salt and natron were identified, and minerals from theses sites were categorised and identified. The results showed that the chemical nature of these deposits had changed in the last 2000 years. The results also demonstrate reasons why the language surrounding the term natron needed to be revised. These results have implications for both archaeology and the history of medicine.

Assimilées à des fronts arbitraires, les frontières politiques sont devenues à notre époque le signe et le modèle de la limite brutale et injuste. A ne plus vouloir distinguer les groupes humains nous continuons pourtant à les séparer, mais différemment et selon des formes renouvelées du rapport de domination. En supprimant la dimension politique des frontières, ainsi, nous les démultiplions tout en créant des murs et des barrières aux proportions inédites. Notre travail tâche de comprendre comment bien séparer afin de pouvoir mieux unifier. Cela implique de poser certaines questions préalables. Y a-t-il un sens universel et initial au traçage de toute limite dans le sol ? Par quel type d’évolution les limites traditionnelles devinrent-elles des frontières modernes ? Qu’est-ce qu’une frontière au sens pleinement démocratique du terme ? Une frontière n’est pas une limite, car leur légitimité respective n’a pas la même source : une limite se fonde sur une transcendance, tandis que la frontière est auto-référentielle. La raison formelle, en Occident, aura fini par s’imposer à la nature et à la divinité. Il s’agit alors de comprendre le passage historique de l’une à l’autre en suivant les rapports successifs des hommes au symbole, au territoire et au pouvoir. Plus profondément encore, les diverses manières de clore la communauté sociale engagèrent à chaque fois, jusqu’aux prémisses théoriques contemporaines du cosmopolitisme politique, une compréhension renouvelée de son ouverture possible vers les formes diverses de la liberté. Enquêter sur les fondements et les origines de toute séparation politique, en ce sens, revient à retrouver sur le plan historique et normatif à la fois les traces de l’universel concret, celui qui ouvre par la clôture et dont l’idéal est rendu sensible par sa matérialisation dans l’espace. / Considered as arbitrary lines, political borders are today the sign and the model for a brutal and unfair limit. While refusing to distinguish between human groups, we however continue to separate them but on a different manner and according to renewed forms of domination. By suppressing the political dimension of borders, we in fact increase them while creating unprecedented walls and barriers. Our study intends to understand how separating well allows for a better unification. This raises some questions beforehand. Is there a universal and initial meaning to the drawing of any limit on land? Which type of evolution do traditional limits undergo in order to turn into modern borders? What is a border in the fully democratic sense of the term? A border is not a limit because their respective legitimacy does not have the same origin: a limit is based on transcendence whereas a border is self-referential. In the West, formal reason has definitely imposed itself on nature and on the divine. It is then necessary to understand the historical switch from one to the other while studying the successive relations of men to symbol, land and power. On a deeper level, the different ways of containing a social community has always led to a renewed understanding of its possible opening to various forms of freedom, and this up to the theoretical contemporary premises of political cosmopolitanism. Inquiring on the foundations and the origins of any political separation in that sense comes down to track, on an historical and normative level, signs of the concrete universal, the one that opens by closing, and whose ideal is made real by its materialization in space.

Ph.D. / This is the study of an unknown man's view of his contemporary Byzantine world how it was structured and functioned both socially and culturally. In other words, this is an attempt to reconstruct the world view of an unknown individual, through expression of his emotions, impressions, principles and norms in connection with various aspects of his environment. By this approach, I trust, the anonymous author's value system can be "re-created" and examined in association with the collective cultural norms, set and shared by his contemporary society. Thus, besides theauthor's aesthetic perception of the external, physical aspects of his environment, collective and individual stereotypes found in ideologies (such as ethnocentrism, provincialism, patriotism, and class differentiation), as well as religious and social moral values (such as piety, faith, sin, generosity, divine intervention) will be identified and analysed. Our author's perception of his world order may be seen "from the inside" through his concepts, opinions, impressions, criticisms and praises. These are expressed either directly or indirectly throughout his narrative, and refer to certain situations, events, characters and the human condition in general (such as the eternal question of life and death). Certain values, which are expressed by the author through his concepts and opinions, may appear as contradicting one another. These cases will be analysed according to the author's perception of a certain event and measured against related collective ideology, i.e. generally-held conceptions and values, as well as factual information. Thus, in order to realise the purpose of our study, we shall: • examine the relationship and interaction between individual and collective concepts in the Chronicle; • establish the Chronicle's value as a source of information g on the political, economic, social and cultural life in Western Greece during a significant section of the later Byzantine era (1375-1422); • try to reach a better understanding of the mentality of multi-ethnic Byzantine society, especially in Western Greece during the 14 th and 15th centuries.

Prof. D. van der Westhuizen

No description available.

No description available.

AFRIKAANS: Hierdie verhandeling is ‘n studie van hartbees- of dakhuise, wat van 1652 tot in die 20ste eeu in Suid-Afrika voorgekom het. Jan van Rie¬beeck en sy gesin het aanvanklik (1652) in ‘n tydelike dakhuis in Tafelbaai gewoon. Dakhuise is deur die vee- en Trekboere, asook die Voortrekkers na die uithoeke van die land versprei. Die gevolgtrekking waartoe deur die studie gekom word is, dat die begrip hartbeeshuis dakhuise, ontwikkelde dakhuise en (lang)muurhuise vir tydelike bewoning insluit. Die dakraamwerk van die bootvormige dakhuis het uit ‘n vurkondersteunde-nokpaalkonstruksie bestaan. Drie dakraamtipes het by die wigvormige dakhuis voorgekom, naamlik die gaffelsuilondersteunde-nokpaalkonstruksie, vurkondersteunde-nokpaalkonstruksie en die kapstylraamwerk. Geen bewyse ter ondersteuning van die bestaande teorie oor die oor¬sprong van die term hartbeeshuis kon gevind word nie. Tydgenootlike getuienis het tot die gevolgtrekking gelei dat die oorsprong van die term hartbeeshuis met die vorm van die inheemse boksoort, die hartbees verband hou. Die Suid-Afrikaanse dakhuise toon direkte ooreenkomste met die millennia-oue Wes-Europese dakhuistradisie, waarvan die vorm en konstruksie ten spyte van geografiese verskille min of geensins verander het nie. Die lande van oorsprong en die prototipes word aangewys, waarna die Suid-Afrikaanse eweknie ten opsigte van die vorm, materiaal en konstruksie - met in beg rip van streekverskille - beskryf word. In die slotbeskouing word die betekenis van die dakhuis as Westerse woning, asook die bewaring daarvan kortliks in oënskou geneem. ENGLISH: The study focuses on the history of the South African hartbeeshuis or roof dwelling dating from 1652 well into the 20th century. For the first few months in Table Bay, Jan van Riebeeck and his family had to reside in a temporary roof dwelling. Roof dwellings were distributed through South Africa by the migrating stock-and cattle-farmers and eventually by the Voortrekkers. The conclusion of the study is that the concept hartbeeshuis refers to roof dwellings, developed roof dwellings and the temporary long walled house. The roof structure of the boat-shaped roof house consisted of a primary tong-support. The framework of the wedge-shaped roof dwelling takes one of three forms: it may consist of two forked uprights carrying a ridge tree against which the sides lean; it may consist of two pairs of sloping poles which cross at the apex to carry the ridge tree; or it may consist of a series of paired couples. No evidence could be found to support any of the existing theories regarding the origin of the term hartbeeshuis. Contemporary evidence confirms that the term is associated with the shape of the indigenous antelope, the hartbees. The South African roof dwelling correlate with the oldest building traditions in Western Europe. In South Africa, the basic shape and construction of the roof have only experienced little changes on a regional level. The various prototypes and the countries of origin are highlighted. The South African counterparts are described according to their shape, construction materials and technique. The study concludes with the significance of the roof dwelling as a Western dwelling type and the conservation thereof. / Dissertation (MA (Cultural History))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted

While much has been written in recent times on the concept of civil society, the idea that it is part of an Orientalist construct of West and non-West has not been explored. This dissertation addresses this lacuna in the literature by examining Western concepts of civil society and establishing the ways in which these concepts are constructed through the deployment of a mirroring construction of non-Western Others. I examine the work of three theorists (Montesquieu, Ferguson and Hegel) who wrote on civil society during the Enlightenment or in its aftermath. These theorists are emblematic of a discursive formation which differed from prior discursive formations in two related respects: their concept of civil society and their construction of non-Western Others. During the eighteenth century both constructions of the concept of civil society and of non-Western Others were undergoing significant changes leading eventually to a concept of civil society as distinct from the state and to what might be termed a "post-Enlightenment geographical imagination". To demonstrate the disjuncture between discursive formations, the work of two seventeenth-century theorists (Hobbes and Locke) is compared and contrasted with that of these writers. The work of three late twentieth-century social scientists (Shils, Gellner and Fukuyama) is examined and their concept of civil society and use of non-Western Others is contrasted with those of the prior discursive formation. I show how their concept of civil society is informed both by the concept of civil society developed in the Enlightenment and its aftermath and by the mirroring constructions of non-Western Others of the post-Enlightenment geographical imagination. Underscoring the work of all these theorists are methods of comparison and the representational practices they authorize. These are explored through two conceptions of alterity which have operated in Western thought and their connections to questions of comparison. An analysis is made of the relationship of the ideas of comparison and comparative method to questions of translation in Western philosophy and social science. The implications of this discussion of comparison and representation for theories of civil society and their constructions of non-Western Others is analyzed. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate