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The Roman period is well represented in Kent’s long history of excavation and discovery and it has some prominent sites. Nevertheless, there has been relatively little in the way of up-to-date synthesis or the application of current theoretical approaches. In common with many other areas of the country, rural settlement, especially ‘non-villa’ settlement, has received scant attention, whilst even its villas are mostly poorly understood. Since the advent of PPG 16 many more such rural sites have been excavated and there has been a corresponding rise, both qualitative and quantitative, in associated data, much of which remains unpublished. This thesis aims to reassess the Roman period of Kent from a rural standpoint, using a wide range of materials to construct a more nuanced and theoretically informed narrative. The basis of the study is the Kent HER. The archaeological data are combined with a number of landscape resources in order to reveal the influence of Kent’s highly varied terrain and the ways in which it was understood and exploited. Aspects of building and settlement morphology are examined and the potential of artefactual and ecofactual data for adding refinement to our understanding is explored. In its use of unpublished (‘grey’) literature, it is in line with current research priorities at national level. Results indicate that strongly patterned distributions of evidence were influenced both by Kent’s physical landscape and by human landscapes of tradition and culture. The county’s archaeological record has features that distinguish it from other southern counties and from the received trajectory of Roman Britain as a whole. This thesis places Romano-British Kent within its wider chronological and geographical context, noting its particular characteristics and finding that it is an eastern, rather than a southern county, following a trajectory very similar to that of northern Gaul.

No description available.

The thesis discusses bird depictions in the Aegean Bronze Age. The iconographical study is based on a catalogue of almost 2000 objects showing bird images from Crete, the Cyclades, the Greek Mainland and the Dodecanese dating to EB I - LB IIIC. Three research aims are addressed. The first aim is the reliable and accurate identification of the depicted bird species by finding a middle ground between the two approaches that have prevailed in past scholarship, which either consisted of overambitious attempts at species identification or resorted to overgeneralised accounts of bird imagery. A systematic identification methodology, based on a combination of techniques from iconography, ornithology and in particular anthropological studies of folk taxonomies, is developed. The second aim is the interpretation of any specific symbolic functions and ideological roles of birds in different regions and periods. This analysis rests on the combined study of media and find contexts as well as the chosen bird species and iconographical associations. The third aim is the reconstruction of types of ontologies prevalent in different regions. Based on a structuralist model of ontologies developed by the anthropologist Descola, the bird depictions are studied by looking for features that are typical of analogical, naturalist, totemic or animist art. Each research aim has yielded numerous results, which deepen our understanding of biological knowledge and cultural diversity in the Aegean Bronze Age. First, the vast majority of bird depictions can be identified as belonging to one of the following folk-taxonomical groups: columbids (doves), birds of prey/corvids, waterbirds, wading birds, owls, hoopoes, galliformes, swallows and seabirds. Second, the existence of a multitude of particular functions and roles of birds is revealed. These vary significantly according to time and regions, mirroring historical developments and the presence of different cultural attitudes towards birds. Third, marked regional differences are detectable with regard to ontologies. Cretan and Cycladic bird art is consistent with animist iconography discernible because of a pronounced artistic naturalism, an emphasis on movement and agency, and the presence of shamanic imagery. The images from the Greek Mainland can be characterised as being consistent with an ontology termed analogical by Descola because of a preference of stylised and modular depictions and the persistence of symbolic functions through time. This work lays a foundation opening up a new perspective on interpreting iconography of the Aegean Bronze Age.

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Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-05-09T12:43:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Ely Camargo.pdf: 1086950 bytes, checksum: a8d811ed904917c9ac131d56575b52d8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-05-17T19:06:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Ely Camargo.pdf: 1086950 bytes, checksum: a8d811ed904917c9ac131d56575b52d8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-17T19:06:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Ely Camargo.pdf: 1086950 bytes, checksum: a8d811ed904917c9ac131d56575b52d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / O objeto desta pesquisa é o estudo do conceito de pulsão na psicanálise, conceito-limite entre o psíquico e o somático, suas características, impulsos, fontes, objetos, metas, seus destinos como o recalque e a sublimação que possibilitam ao sujeito a educação, a criação, as atividades psíquicas, científicas, artísticas, ideológicas, e as especulações filosóficas. A metodologia é de análise teórico-conceitual para interrogar e interpretar o material bibliográfico encontrado. As pulsões são sexuais, parciais, compõem o aparelho psíquico estruturado por Freud em duas tópicas: a do inconsciente, consciente, e pré-consciente, e, a do eu, supereu, e isso (Es, id ). Analisamos a diferença entre o instinto para os animais e a pulsão que amplia para o ser falante o conceito de sexualidade e tem a libido como energia, e observamos alguns dos transtornos pulsionais encontrados na clínica freudiana. A civilização em nome de sua evolução impõe repressões às pulsões do sujeito e o dualismo inicial entre as pulsões sexuais e as do eu, ou de autoconservação, modifica-se surgindo um novo dualismo entre as pulsões de morte, e Eros, o amor, as pulsões de vida que buscam prevalecer. / Salvador

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-05-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:43:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 girotto_rl_dr_assis.pdf: 2508553 bytes, checksum: afa80b1992fcf4b393f000a55a5514c7 (MD5) / Este trabalho trata da política indigenista do Estado Republicano ao sul de Mato Grosso, tendo como objeto específico o processo de educação escolar na Reserva de Dourados e Aldeia Panambizinho, no período de 1929 a 1968. Os referenciais teórico-metodológicos adotados baseiam-se, primordialmente, na História Cultural, na História Social, na Antropologia e na Etnografia, com a contribuição das fontes da História Oral. Intenta-se a construção de uma História que, ao mesmo tempo em que evidencia a violência cometida contra os povos indígenas, os reconhece como agentes sociais. Ao longo do trabalho, analisamos as concepções da política indigenista oficial em suas contradições e ambigüidades, passando do plano discursivo ao prático. Buscamos reconstituir o processo de criação da Reserva Indígena de Dourados e da Terra Indígena do Panambizinho, fazendo uma breve contextualização dos condicionamentos históricos recentes da migração dos Terena e dos Guarani até a região, perpassando pela caracterização de sua conformação étnico-cultural, em seus aspectos mais relevantes. Com base em documentos escritos e orais, demonstramos o entrelaçamento do Serviço de Proteção ao Índio com a Missão Evangélica Caiuá, o primeiro abdicando de sua proposta inicial de secularização das práticas sociais para processar, em parceria com a Instituição religiosa, um projeto de escola alicerçado num ideário que combinava catequização e educação, visando garantir a civilização e a integração dos índios à sociedade local, a ponto de fazer, daquela última, parte constitutiva da estrutura política do órgão tutor. Concomitantemente, buscamos relacionar alguns depoimentos referentes ao modelo de escola implantado e a visão de índios informantes que estudaram nas décadas de 1950 e 1960. / This work presents the indigenist politics of the Republican State in the south of Mato Grosso, and has as specific object the process of school education in the Reservation of Dourados and Aldeia Panambizinho, in the period 1929-1968. The theoretical-methodological referentials are based mainly on Cultural History, Social History, Anthropology and Ethnography, with the contribution of the sources of Oral History. It was attempted the construction of a History that evidences the violence that is committed against the indigenous people, at the same time that recognizes them as social agents. Along the work, it were analyzed the conceptions of the official indigenist politics in their contradictions and ambiguities, passing from the discursive plan to the practical. It was sought to reconstitute the process of creation of the Indigenous Reservation of Dourados and the Terra Indígena do Panambizinho, contextualizing the recent historical conditionings of the migration of the Terena and Guarani to the area, passing through the characterization of their ethnic-cultural resignation in the more relevant aspects. Based on written and oral documents, it was demonstrated the interlacement of S.P.I. with the Missão Evangélica Ciuá, the first abdicating of its initial proposal of secularization of the social practices to develope a school project in partnership with the religious Institution, founded on an ideology that combined catechization and education, seeking to guarantee the civilization and integration of the Indians to the local society, to the point of converting the last one in a constituent of the tutor organ political structure. At the same time, it presents some testimonies regarding the school model implanted in the reservation and the view of informant Indians that studied there in the decades of 1950 and 1960.

The utilisation of minerals in Ancient Egyptian medicine from procurement through to use is examined here in a case study investigating the role of sodium salts. The sodium salts, salt and natron are two of the three most commonly used minerals in the Egyptian pharmacopeia. The results of the project are important to medical historians and archaeomineralogists alike in that they formulate a systematic understanding of the way in which minerals were used in medical and medically associated industries. Key sources of salt and natron were examined and the Wadi Natrun was identified as the probable main site of natrun exploitation. A comprehensive study conducted of this area involved examining sources of a historical geographical nature and analysis of mineralogical samples gathered from fieldwork in the Wadi Natrun. From the source of exploitation, natron and salt were sold to the Egyptians to be used in a number of everyday industries as well as for their use in medical and medically associated industries. Salt and natron were found to be used for their astringent and cleansing qualities, and are still being used in traditional medical formulations. Prescription replication showed that these substances worked effectively. Additional research into medically associated industries showed commonality between sodium salts use between all three industries investigated. The results of this research shows that a comprehensive study of the use of minerals in medicine could be established. Primary sites of exploitation of both salt and natron were identified, and minerals from theses sites were categorised and identified. The results showed that the chemical nature of these deposits had changed in the last 2000 years. The results also demonstrate reasons why the language surrounding the term natron needed to be revised. These results have implications for both archaeology and the history of medicine.

Orientador: Robespierre de OLiveira / Banca: Márcio Benchimol Barros / Banca: Francisco Verardi Bocca / Resumo: Esta pesquisa apresenta um exame crítico do conceito de felicidade em Freud, confrontando-o com o de Marcuse. Na acepção freudiana, felicidade refere-se, por um lado, à realização do programa do princípio de prazer, ou seja, retorno ao inanimado e, por outro, ao desvio da finalidade original das pulsões e domínio racional destas. Em Eros e Civilização, tomando como interlocutores Freud e Marx, Marcuse especula sobre a hipótese de uma civilização não-repressiva. A felicidade é conceituada como a satisfação das verdadeiras necessidades de todos os homens em um contexto de liberdade. A partir desta concepção, analisam-se as críticas e as particularidades do pensamento de Marcuse visando a mostrar que, embora a problemática exposta do ponto de vista de uma leitura ortodoxa de Freud seja pertinente, o conceito de felicidade, para ser compreendido e revelar seu potencial crítico, requer uma análise que contemple a inserção da psicanálise no campo da dialética empreendida por Marcuse / Abstract: This research shows a critical examination on the concept of happiness according to Freud, face up to Marcuse. In Freudian meaning, happiness refers, on one side, to the accomplishment of pleasure principle program, that is, return to the inanimate and, on the other side, to the deviation from the original purpose of that and rational domain. In Eros and Civilization, by having as interlocutors Freud and Marx, Marcuse speculates about the hypothesis of a non-repressive civilization. Happiness is defined as the real needs of all men in a context of freedom. From these conceptions, the criticism and particularities of Marcuse's thought were analyzed aiming to show that, although the problem exposed from the point of view of an orthodox reading of Freud, the concept of happiness, in order to be understood and reveal its critical potential, requires an analysis which contemplates the insertion of the psychoanalysis in the field of dialectics undertaken by Marcuse / Mestre

Orientador: Marcos Tadeu del Roio / Banca: Gabriel Conh / Banca: Jorge Grespan / Banca: Antonio Carlos Mazzeo / Banca: Ricardo Luiz Coltro Antunes / Resumo: Objetiva-se demonstrar neste trabalho que existe um processo de inflexão na obra de Habermas, que se inicia com seu Student und Politik de 1961 e completa-se, inescapavelmente, com sua obra Theorie des Kommunikativen de 1981. Neste processo de inflexão, poder-se-ia observar a demarcação definitiva da ruptura de Habermas com os fundamentos da teoria crítica da sociedade, presentes nos pensadores da primeira geração da Escola de Frankfurt; e, a adesão aos princípios e fundamentos do liberalismo, como forma de delinear e demarcar o processo de construção de uma teoria social, bem como de uma teoria da evolução social, particular e autônoma, posta nos marcos do elogio da sociedade capitalista. Tratar-se-ia da afirmação de um tipo particular de neocontratualismo com vista a salvação de um projeto de modernidade e de racionalidade completamente esgotados na e pela sociabilidade burguesa e que, portanto, só poderia se consubstanciar sob a forma e nos marcos da regressão cultural. Neste processo de inflexão, uma categoria advinda dos teóricos da primeira geração da Escola de Frankfurt tornara-se central na teoria social de Habermas, na medida em que a concepção de capitalismo de Estado adquirira centralidade nos seus mais diversos e contraditórios diagnósticos do tempo presente, de tal forma que se consubstanciaria sob a forma da concepção de capitalismo tardio e mediaria a passagem da centralidade da categoria trabalho, mesmo que inscrita na esfera lógica e gnosiológica-epistêmica, para a centralidade da categoria da política. Tal mudança radical de paradigma passou a influenciar progressivamente a nova teoria crítica, inaugurada com a segunda geração de Habermas, que pouco ou nada se identificara aos teóricos da primeira geração da Escola de Frankfurt. Assim sendo, o diagnóstico do tempo presente, exposto neste trabalho, fora o de que os trinta anos que separa Student und Politik de Theorie des Kommunikativen... / Abstract: Objective is to demonstrate in this paper that there is a process of inflection in the work of Habermas, who is full-starts with your Student und Politik, 1961 and, inescapably, with his Theorie des Kommunikativen work of 1981 this process of inflection, power-would observe the final demarcation of the break with the foundations of Habermas critical theory of society, thinkers present in the first generation of the Frankfurt School; and adherence to the principles and foundations of liberalism as a way to delineate and demarcate the process of building a social theory and a theory of social evolution, private and autonomous, put milestones in praise of capitalist society. Would treat the claim of a particular type of neo-contractualism overlooking the salvation of a project of modernity and rationality completely exhausted and by the bourgeois sociability and, therefore, could only substantiate the form and within the framework of cultural regression . In this process of inflection, a category arising from the first generation of theorists of the Frankfurt School had become central in social theory of Habermas, in that the design of state capitalism acquired centrality in its various and contradictory diagnoses of this time, such that if consubstanciaria as designing and late capitalism mediates the passage of the centrality of work category, even inscribed in the sphere logical and epistemological-epistemic, to the centrality of the category of politics. Such a radical paradigm shift began to progressively influence the new critical theory, inaugurated with the second generation of Habermas, that little or nothing had identified the first generation theorists of the Frankfurt School. Therefore, the diagnosis of this time, exposed in this work, out of the thirty years separates Student und Politik of Theorie des Kommunikativen, served primarily to hatch the egg of a serpent that would eventually support a discourse ethics, as well as... / Doutor