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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Desenvolupament experimental de nous tractaments antifúngics per infeccions causades per llevats

Mariné Mestres, Marçal 21 May 2010 (has links)
Els estudis inclosos a la present tesi s'han centrat en el desenvolupament de noves teràpies antifúngiques per a infeccions causades per diverses espècies de Candida i per Cladophialophora bantiana. D'aquesta tesi s'han extret les següents conclusions:-La micafungina ha demostrat una eficàcia similar a la d'antifúngics tradicionals per al tractament experimental d'infeccions per C.glabrata. En combinació amb l'amfotericina B, aquest antifúngic ha demostrat, també, una gran eficàcia.-S'ha demostrat l'eficàcia del posaconazole per al tractament experimental d'infeccions disseminades per C.krusei i C.tropicalis.-L'anidulafungina, la caspofungina i la micafungina han estat efectives per al tractament d'infeccions experimentals disseminades per C.dubliniensis.-S'ha comprovat l'eficàcia de dues noves formulacions d'amfotericina B per al tractament d'infeccions experimentals per Candida.-La combinació de la micafungina amb l'itraconazole ha demostrat una bona activitat in vitro envers el gènere Candida.-La combinació del posaconazole, la micafungina i la flucitosina ha demostrat ser efectiva envers C. bantiana. / The studies included in this thesis focused on the development of new antifungal therapies for infections caused by various species of Candida and also Cladophialophora bantiana. The following conclusions were obtained in this thesis:-Micafungin demonstrated to be as effective as some traditional antifungal agents for the treatment of experimental infections by C.glabrata. This drug in combination with amphotericin B has also shown great efficacy.- Posaconazole demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of experimental infections by C.krusei and C.tropicalis. -Anidulafungin, micafungin and caspofungin were effective for the treatment of experimental disseminated infections by C.dubliniensis. -The effectiveness of two new formulations of amphotericin B has been proven for the treatment of experimental disseminated Candida infections. -The combination of micafungin with itraconazole showed good in vitro activity against the genus Candida. -The combination of posaconazole, micafungina and flucytosine has proven to be effective against C. bantiana.
2

Investigação do mecanismo da atividade antifúngica do monoterpeno citral frente a cepas de cladosporium spp e cladophialophora carrionii

Caldas, Camila Pinheiro de Menezes 14 February 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-07-10T13:15:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2655697 bytes, checksum: 19ce66f159c415cc8bc44434ba4cef04 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T13:15:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2655697 bytes, checksum: 19ce66f159c415cc8bc44434ba4cef04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-14 / Dematiaceous fungi are associated with superficial infections of the skin and soft tissues, and include sepsis with high mortality. The clinical, epidemiological and therapeutic importance given to the mycoses caused by dematiaceous fungi drive studies aimed at discovering new antifungal agents. Among them the monoterpenes are distinguished and enjoy broad recognition of their antimicrobial effect. Citral is a monoterpene with known pharmacological properties, including antifungal action. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of this monoterpene, its possible mechanisms of action, and the effect of association with certain antifungals against Cladophialophora carrionii and Cladosporium spp, as well as to determine, through theoretical analysis, in silico, its pharmacokinetic profile and other possible pharmacological activities. Tests of antifungal activity were performed by microbiological screening of eight (8) phytochemicals; to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of citral by microdilution technique; measuring the radial mycelium growth at different time intervals; and measuring spore germination inhibition. The actions of citral on the fungal cell wall (Sorbitol assay), and the fungal cell membrane (ergosterol complexation) were also investigated. We also carried out in silico studies and rated the association effect of citral with antifungals (amphotericin B and voriconazole) using the checkerboard method. In microbiological screening, citral showed better antifungal activity against 10 tested strains, being selected to continue in antifungal research. The MIC of Citral ranged between 128 and 256 ug/ml for C. carrionii, and C. sphaerospermum. For C. oxysporum the MIC was 128 ug/ml for all three tested strains, and the MIC for C. cladoporioides was 64 ug/mL. The MFC of citral varied between 256 and 1024 ug/ml for C. carrionii and C. sphaerospermum, it was 256 ug/ml for C. oxysporum, and 128 ug/ml for C. cladoporioides. The results also showed that citral significantly inhibits mycelial growth and spore germination for the four species tested. In the mechanism of action investigation it was shown that the MIC values of citral against Cladosporium spp. and C. carrionii remained unchanged in the presence of 0.8 M sorbitol suggesting that this monoterpene does not act by inhibiting the synthesis of the fungal cell wall. However, the test results on the plasma membrane showed that citral interacts with ergosterol. In the in silico study, citral showed good oral bioavailability, as well as important pharmacological activities. The citral-voriconazole association was indifferent and the citral-amphotericin B association was antagonistic for all strains tested. From the results, it is suggested that citral acts on the Cladosporium spp. and C. carrionii membrane through a mechanism involve ergosterol complexation. The monoterpene is presented as a promising antifungal agent, in particular, for cases of mycosis caused by dematiaceous fungi. / Fungos dematiáceos estão associados com infecções superficiais de pele e tecidos moles até sepse, com elevada mortalidade. A importância clínica, epidemiológica e terapêutica dispensada às micoses causadas por fungos dematiáceos impulsionam estudos que visam à descoberta de novos agentes antifúngicos. Entre eles os monoterpenos se destacam por possuírem amplo reconhecimento do seu efeito antimicrobiano. O citral é um monoterpeno com conhecidas propriedades farmacológicas, incluindo ação antifúngica. Neste contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a atividade antifúngica desse monoterpeno, seus possíveis mecanismos de ação, o efeito da associação com antifúngicos contra Cladophialophora carrionii e Cladosporium spp, bem como determinar, através de análise teórica, in silico, o seu perfil farmacocinético e outras possíveis atividades farmacológicas. Os ensaios da atividade antifúngica foram realizados por meio da triagem microbiológica de 8 fitoconstituíntes; determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e concentração fungicida mínima (CFM) do citral pela técnica de microdiluição; medida do crescimento micelial radial em diferentes intervalos de tempo; inibição da germinação de conídios. A ação do citral sobre a parede celular fúngica (ensaio com Sorbitol) e sobre a membrana plasmática fúngica (complexação com o ergosterol) foram investigadas. Também foram realizados estudos in silico e avaliado o efeito da associação do citral com antifúngicos (anfotericina B e voriconazol) pelo método de checkerboard. Na triagem microbiológica o citral apresentou melhor atividade antifúngica contra as 10 cepas testadas, sendo selecionado para dar continuidade a investigação antifúngica. A CIM do citral variou entre 128 e 256 μg/mL para C. carrionii e C. sphaerospermum, para C. oxysporum a CIM foi de 128 para as três cepas testadas e a CIM de C. cladoporioides foi de 64 μg/mL. A CFM do citral variou entre 256 e 1024 μg/mL para C. carrionii e C. sphaerospermum, foi de 256 μg/mL para C. oxysporum e 128 μg/mL para C. cladosporioides. Os resultados também mostraram que o citral inibiu significativamente o desenvolvimento micelial e a germinação dos conídios das quatro espécies testadas. Na investigação do mecanismo de ação foi evidenciado que os valores de CIM de citral contra Cladosporium spp. e C. carrionii permaneceram inalterados na presença de sorbitol 0.8 M sugerindo que este monoterpeno não atua através da inibição da síntese da parede celular fúngica. Por outro lado, os resultados do ensaio sobre a membrana plasmática mostraram que o citral interage com o ergosterol. No estudo in silico, o citral demonstrou uma boa biodisponibilidade oral, bem como importantes atividades farmacológicas. A associação citral-voriconazol foi indiferente, enquanto citral-anfotericina B foi antagonista para todas as cepas testadas. Diante dos resultados, sugere-se que o citral atua sobre a membrana de Cladosporium spp e C. carrionii, por um mecanismo que envolve a complexação com o ergosterol. Dessa maneira, esse monoterpeno apresenta-se como promissor agente antifúngico, em especial em casos de micoses causadas por fungos dematiáceos.

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