Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal a avaliação do desempenho dos sistemas de gestão de qualidade, saúde ocupacional, segurança e meio ambiente de uma empresa. Utiliza-se, para tal fim, o método de estudo de caso, levando em consideração a aplicação do conceito de eco-eficiência e seus benefícios econômicos e ambientais pelos sistemas de gestão da qualidade e meio ambiente da empresa, e tendo como base o conceito de produção mais limpa. Como objetivo secundário está à análise da coerência e a da eficiência dos indicadores empregados, seu inter-relacionamento e sua complementaridade. Entre os principais resultados obtidos, destaca-se a identificação das vantagens na aplicação de indicadores operacionais com uma abordagem individualizada de entradas e saídas nas operações que compõem o processo de uma empresa. O emprego desses indicadores, aliado à identificação de indicadores de custos de resíduos, pode facilitar a definição de objetivos e metas para a não geração e minimização de resíduos baseados em critérios econômicos, técnicos e de impactos ambientais. Como resultado global da avaliação pode-se comentar que o programa de gestão da qualidade implantado na empresa atende aos princípios da serie de normas da qualidade NBR ISO 9000:2000, ainda que entendamos que outras medidas são necessárias para a manutenção integral do meio ambiente. / This thesis aims to evaluate quality, occupational health, safety and environment systems of a company. In order to do so, it employs the study case method, taking into consideration the application of the concept of eco-efficiency, its economical and environmental benefits by the company’s environment management systems. This work is based on the concept of cleaner production for the identification of the relationship between some quality indicators and the environment management systems as a secondary aim. Among the main results obtained, is the identification of the advantages in the application of operational indicators with an individual approach of inputs and outputs in the operations that composes the process according to what establishes the NBR ISO 14031:2004. The application of these indicators allied to the identification of waste cost indicators can facilitate the definition of objectives and targets for a non-generation and minimization of waste based on economic, technical and environmental impact criteria. As a global result of the evaluation, we observed that the quality management program implanted in the company, which served as object of study, complies with the principles of the quality Norm NBR ISO 9000:2000, but some improvements are still needed for the full maintenance of environment.

Inserção da metodologia de Produção Mais Limpa em Estações de Tratamento de Efluentes (ETE) de indústrias no geral. O conceito fornecido pela Produção Mais Limpa permite sua aplicação aos tratamentos de fim de tubo, não se restringindo somente ao processo produtivo. A aplicação desta ferramenta visa um incremento e a melhoria contínua do sistema de gestão ambiental englobando o tratamento de todo o tipo de poluição gerada, especificamente neste trabalho, os efluentes industriais. As ETE, com um gerenciamento e operação adequados, além de minimizarem os efeitos poluidores dos efluentes gerados nas indústrias a níveis exigidos pela legislação aplicável ou a padrões de qualidade requeridos internamente em seu processo, podem controlar todo o processo produtivo interno a fábrica. Há a possibilidade de através dos diversos parâmetros processuais de controle detectar grande parte dos desvios produtivos ocorridos no interior da fábrica. Com a aplicação da ferramenta de Produção Mais Limpa em Estações de Tratamento de Efluentes Industriais, demonstra-se através de suas diversas metodologias: - A melhoria contínua em todos os processos produtivos e de tratamento de efluentes envolvidos na indústria; - O aumento progressivo das eficiências processuais; - Que investimentos e meio ambiente estão fortemente atrelados para o desenvolvimento da indústria e seu fortalecimento tanto a nível comercial quanto na sociedade. Portanto, a abordagem dada para a Produção Mais Limpa neste trabalho é mais abrangente - enfocando os tratamentos fim de tubo - as Estações de Tratamento de Efluentes Industriais. / The insertion in industries of Cleaner Production Methodology in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WTP). The concept given from the Cleaner Production allows its application to the end of pipe treatment, not restraining it to the productive process. The application of that tool aims the development and the continuous improvement of the environmental management system gathering the treatment of any type of generated pollution, specifically in this dissertation, the industrial wastewater. The WTP, with a suitable supervision and operation, not only minimizes the polluting effects of the effluents generated by the industries to levels demanded by the applicable legislation or to patterns of quality required internally in its process, but also can control the whole factory intern productive process. There is the possibility of detecting great part of the productive deviation that occurred in the interior of the factory through many controlling processual parameters. With the application of the tool of Cleaner Production in the Treatment Stations of Industrial Effluents, it demonstrates through many of its methodologies: - The continuous improvement in all of the productive and treatment processes of effluents involved in the industry; - The progressive enlargement of the processual efficiency; - Which investments and environment are strongly related to the development of the industry and its strengthening both on commercial and social levels. Therefore, the approach given to the Cleaner Production in this dissertation is wider - focusing the end of pipe treatment - the Treatment Stations of Industrial Effluents.

As atividades industriais geram resíduos sólidos, de diferentes características e quantidades, que precisam ser gerenciados adequadamente para não causar poluição ambiental e danos à saúde do homem. A Lei n.o 12.305/2010, que institui a Política Nacional dos Resíduos Sólidos, estabelece a seguinte ordem de prioridade no gerenciamento dos resíduos: não geração, redução, reutilização, reciclagem, tratamento dos resíduos e disposição final ambientalmente adequada dos rejeitos. A adoção destas estratégias no gerenciamento dos resíduos industriais é um desafio tendo em vista que a maioria das empresas ainda está focada na abordagem convencional de fim-de-tubo. Especial atenção ainda deve ser dada as empresas de pequeno e médio porte que costumam apresentar maiores dificuldades para o desenvolvimento de práticas de gestão ambiental por disporem de recursos financeiros mais limitados que empresas maiores, além de normalmente contarem com uma falta de estrutura organizacional adequada. A produção mais limpa pode ser uma importante aliada no gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos, pois se trata da aplicação de uma estratégia técnica, econômica e ambiental integrada aos processos e produtos, com o objetivo de aumentar a eficiência no uso de matérias-primas, através da não geração, minimização ou reciclagem dos resíduos e emissões. Desta forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar, através de estudo de caso desenvolvido em uma empresa de pequeno porte do segmento de usinagem, as práticas de gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos a partir da metodologia de produção mais limpa, com intuito de identificar oportunidades de otimização do gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos na empresa avaliada. No diagnóstico constatou-se que são gerados sete diferentes tipos de resíduos. O cavaco é o resíduo gerado em maior quantidade na empresa, sendo que da totalidade de barras de aço que entram para a produção da peça, 62% são convertidos em cavaco. Durante a usinagem da peça o cavaco arrasta o fluído de corte, havendo uma perda em média de 257 L/ano, o que em termos financeiros representa R$ 10.000,00 por ano. A empresa vende o cavaco contaminado com o fluído de corte para sucateiros da região. Constatou-se que para otimizar o gerenciamento dos resíduos é necessário, primeiramente, elaborar o Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos Sólidos (PGRS), que deverá ser analisado e revisado periodicamente, de forma que a empresa sempre possa alcançar novos objetivos e metas para a melhoria contínua do processo. Além disso, propõem-se: a realização de treinamentos para os funcionários quanto ao manuseio dos resíduos e as boas práticas de fabricação, adequar o armazenamento dos resíduos oleosos, exigir dos fornecedores padronização na dimensão das barras de aço e realizar a separação do cavaco e fluído de corte. / Industrial activities generate solid wastes of different characteristics and quantities, which must be managed properly to avoid causing environmental pollution and damage to human health. The Law 12.305/2010, National Solid Waste Policy, establishes the following order of priority in waste management: no generation, reduction, reuse, recycling, waste treatment and environmentally waste disposal. The adoption of these strategies in the management of industrial waste is a challenge considering that most companies still focussed on the conventional end-of-pipe. Special attention should be given to small and medium businesses that often have greater difficulties in the development of environmental management practices than larger companies. Other difficulties also are the limited financial resources and a lack of appropriated organizational structure. Cleaner production can be an important ally in the management of solid waste because it is the application of a technical, economic and environmental strategy integrated into processes and products. Its aim is to increase efficiency in the use of raw materials, as well the reduction and recycling of waste and emissions. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the waste management practices of a small machining business. Was used the methodology of cleaner production aiming to identify opportunities to improve the waste management in the machining company. At diagnosis was found that are generated seven different types of waste. The chip is the waste produced in greater quantity in the company, 62% of steel bars are converted into chip. During the machining process is lost cutting fluid with the chip. The average lost is of 257 liters of cutting fluid for year. In financial terms it represents loss of R$ 10,000.00 per year. Nowadays the company sells the chip mixed with cutting fluid for scrap dealers in the region. To improve the management it was found that is first necessary to prepare the Solid Waste Management Plan (SWMP). The SWMP should be reviewed periodically so the company can always reach new goals and targets for continuous improvement of its process. Furthermore, was propose: training for employees regarding the handling of waste and good manufacturing practices, adequate storage of oily waste, require the standardization of the size of the steel bars and make the separation of the chip and cutting fluid.

This research proposes a novel Retrofit Design Approach based on process simulation and the Response Surface Methodology (RSM).Retrofit Design Approach comprises: 1) a diagnosis stage in which the variables are screened and promising variables to improve system performance are identified through a sensitivity analysis, 2) an evaluation stage in which RSM is applied to assess the impact of those promising variables and the most important factors are determined by building a reduced model from the process response behaviour, and 3) an optimisation stage to identify optimal conditions and performance of the system, subject to objective function and model constraints. All these stages are simulation-supported. The main advantages of the proposed Retrofit Design Approach using RSM are that the design method is able to handle a large industrial-scale design problem within a reasonable computational effort, to obtain valuable conceptual insights of design interactions and economic trade-off existed in the system, as well as to systematically identify cost-effective solutions by optimizing the reduced model based on the most important factors. This simplifies the pathway to achieve pseudo-optimal solutions, and simultaneously to understand techno-economic and system-wide impacts of key design variables and parameters. In order to demonstrate the applicability and robustness of the proposed design method, the proposed Retrofit Design Approach has been applied to two case studies which are based on existing gas processing processes. Steady-state process simulation using Aspen Plus TM® has been carried out and the simulation results agree well with the plant data. Reduced models for both cases studies have been obtained to represent the techno-economic behaviour of plants. Both the continuous and discrete design options are considered in the retrofitting of the plant, and the results showed that the Retrofit Design Approach is effective to provide reliable, cost-effective retrofit solutions which yield to improvements in the studied processes, not only economically (i.e. cost and product recovery), but also environmentally linked (i.e. CO₂ emissions and energy efficiency). The main retrofitting solutions identified are, for the first case, column pressure change, pump-around arrangement and additional turbo-expansion capacity, while for the second case, columns pressure change, trays efficiency, HEN retrofit arrangements (re-piping) and onsite utility generation schemes are considered. These promising sets of retrofit design options were further investigated to reflect implications of capital investment for the retrofit scenarios, and this portfolio of opportunities can be very useful for supporting decision-making procedure in practice. It is important to note that in some cases a cost-effective retrofit does not always require structural modifications. In conclusion, the proposed Retrofit Design Approach has been found to be a reliable approach to address the retrofit problem in the context of industrial applications.

Orientador: Egle Novaes Teixeira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T13:52:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vicente_ClaudiaSpegiorin_D.pdf: 5969713 bytes, checksum: ed0a90aaf19195b916ebd3398b2868c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Os hemocomponentes, concentrados de hemácias, concentrados de plaquetas e plasma, são os produtos obtidos a partir do sangue total doado pelo doador de sangue. São os principais produtos de um serviço de hemoterapia, e devem ter características que garantam a segurança da terapia transfusional. No acompanhamento da cadeia geradora de resíduo do Hemocentro de Campinas, o descarte de unidades de sangue total e de hemocomponentes chama a atenção. A Metodologia de Produção mais Limpa (P+L) é uma ferramenta interessante para tratar as causas destes eventos, pois, através dela, é possível analisar as causas de geração deste resíduo, promover a minimização e a busca por soluções que tragam benefícios sociais, econômicos e ambientais. Neste estudo foi analisado o fluxo das bolsas plásticas para coleta de sangue de doadores desde a aquisição até a finalização da transfusão, tendo como referência a metodologia da P+L para identificar as causas e as possibilidades de minimização do descarte de unidades sangue total e de hemocomponentes em cada processo. Foram identificadas seis oportunidades de P+L, uma no processo de Gestão de Materiais, três no processo de Coleta de Sangue Total, duas no processo de Processamento, e uma no processo do Laboratório de Compatibilidade. Os respectivos planos de monitoramento definidos incluíram ações de gerenciamento dos processos de trabalho, mudança de técnica e mudança de material. As principais barreiras identificadas estão relacionadas aos recursos econômicos, ao dimensionamento de recursos humanos, e ao planejamento de ações de captação de doadores e coleta de sangue total sem considerar a capacidade operacional da unidade de processamento. Na análise do lay out da área física e do fluxo de atividades da sala de coleta identificou-se pontos críticos que induzem ao erro e podem gerar o descarte. Conclui-se que a aplicação da Metodologia P+L possibilita a identificação das causas de descarte e das quantidades descartadas, as ações propostas podem promover a minimização da geração deste resíduo e no acompanhamento das ações propostas e dos resultados, definidos nos planos de monitoramento para cada oportunidade, cria-se um ciclo ininterrupto da aplicação contínua de uma estratégia preventiva de geração de resíduo, tal qual preconizada na definição de P+L feita pela UNIDO / Abstract: Blood components, packed red cells, platelet concentrates and plasma, are the products obtained from whole blood donated by blood donors. These are the main products of a transfusion service, and must have features that ensure the safety of transfusion therapy. In monitoring the chain of waste generated by the Blood Center of Campinas, the disposal of units of whole blood and blood components draws attention. The Methodology of Cleaner Production (CP) is an interesting tool for addressing the causes of these events, enabling the analysis of the causes of this waste generation, promoting the minimization of this waste and for seeking solutions that bring social, economic and environmental benefits. In this study the flow of plastic bags for blood donors was analyzed; from acquisition to completion of transfusion, using the P + L methodology as the reference to identify the causes of the disposal of units of whole blood and blood products and possibilities for minimizing waste discard in each process. Six opportunities of CP were identified, one in the process of Material Management, three in the process of Whole Blood Collection, two in the process of blood processing, and one in the Compatibility Laboratory process. Monitoring plans included management actions, defined work processes, technical changes and material changes. The main barriers identified were related to economic resources, design of human resources, donor recruitment planning and collection of whole blood without considering the operational capacity of the processing unit. During the analysis of the physical layout of the area and the flow of activities in the collection room, critical points inducing error and generating waste were identified. We concluded that the application of the CP methodology enabled the identification of the causes of waste and of the quantities discarded, moreover the actions proposed could promote minimization of waste generation and that the monitoring of proposed actions and outcomes, defined in the monitoring plans at every opportunity, created a continuous cycle of application of preventive strategies for waste generation, as recommended by UNIDO / Doutorado / Saneamento e Ambiente / Doutora em Engenharia Civil

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-07-01T15:38:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ellen Fernanda Gomes De Souza.pdf: 1195462 bytes, checksum: 415a58597176143ff7aa9f4620ecb0ca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-01T15:38:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ellen Fernanda Gomes De Souza.pdf: 1195462 bytes, checksum: 415a58597176143ff7aa9f4620ecb0ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / The Cleaner Production is an environmental tool, that, when deployed, results in many benefits. This tool is aligned to the dynamic balance of sustainable development, they are: environmental, economic and social. The objective of this research is to analyze the implementation of the Cleaner Production developed by bakeries in Recife suggested by Ecopão project. This project was developed by Sebrae-PE to align sustainability at the bakeries of Recife, through the tool of the Cleaner Production. The literature review was based on key search terms, such as sustainable development, Cleaner Production and family businesses. The methodology of this study is qualitative in nature. The bakery sector is between the six major industries of the country. In 2014 the sector generated a turnover of R$ 8.5 billion. Six bakeries in Recife, that implemented the project, were studyed. It developed a multiple case study with the documentary analysis of Ecopão project reports, direct observation, interviews with responsible for the creation of the project and with the owners of the six surveyed bakeries. The interviews followed a semi-structured script and were recorded and transcribed for analysis of results. The analysis was based on the method of triangulation and synthesis of crossed cases. According to the actions suggested by Ecopão project bakery 2 was the one that held the shares. Since it implemented a new power plant and the actions have been implemented with the help of a consultant. The bakery 4 was the least accomplished actions. Due to problems with its facilities and staff. By the results of the bakeries studied the implementation of Ecopão project actions related to Cleaner Production is an excellent contribution tool for better sustainable development in this sector. / A Produção Mais Limpa é uma ferramenta ambiental que está alinhada ao equilíbrio dinâmico do desenvolvimento sustentável, são eles: ambientais, econômicos e sociais. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é analisar a implantação das ações de Produção Mais Limpa desenvolvidas pelas padarias de Recife sugeridas pelo projeto Ecopão. Este projeto de natureza qualitativa foi desenvolvido pelo SEBRAE-PE para alinhar sustentabilidade às padarias de Recife, por meio da ferramenta de Produção Mais Limpa. A revisão bibliográfica foi baseada nos termos principais da pesquisa, como: desenvolvimento sustentável, Produção Mais Limpa e negócios familiares. O setor de panificação se insere entre os seis maiores setores industriais do país, em 2014 gerou um faturamento de R$ 8,5 bilhões. Ao total, foram estudadas seis padarias da cidade de Recife nas quais desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa de casos múltiplos com a análise documental dos relatórios do projeto Ecopão, por meio de observação direta e entrevistas com o responsável pela criação do projeto e com os proprietários das padarias pesquisadas. As entrevistas de natureza semiestruturada, foram gravadas e transcritas para posterior a análise. Está baseada no método de triangulação e síntese de casos cruzados. De acordo com as ações sugeridas pelo projeto Ecopão, apenas uma padaria de número 2 foi a que mais realizou as tais ações, uma vez que implantou uma nova central de produção e obteve a ajuda de um consultor. Já a padaria de número 4 foi a que menos aplicou as ações, visto que apresentava problemas nas suas instalações e com a equipe de funcionários. A partir dos resultados das padarias investigadas se observou que as ações do projeto Ecopão relacionadas à Produção Mais Limpa são uma ferramenta de contribuição para um melhor desenvolvimento sustentável nesse setor.

Air intake system (AIS) plays an important role on affecting the performance of the engine and the vehicle. The design and optimization of the structures and materials of AIS contributes to producing a quality reliable system, reducing noise, cost and weight at the same time, which are significant to improve the performance of engine and vehicle. Fresh air hoses/pipes are intended to transport, in air cleaner purified, air from the air cleaner to the throttle fitted on the inlet manifold or to the compressor fitted to the exhaust manifold. Air cleaner box is responsible for filtering out the dust and impurities in the air. The charge air pipes are intended to transport purified compressed air from the compressor to the charge air cooler and then to the throttle fitted on the inlet pipe. For the air cleaner box optimization, through the benchmarking and the innovation ideas from the daily life, two alternative optimized designs were introduced to reduce the cost and weight. The first is four clips connectors and the other is spring clamps. For the hose clamps, another innovation design was introduced to replace the previous hose clamps, which is called friction connector on the inner side of the bellow hose, the outer side of the air cleaner box lid and the clean side duct. For the material of the charge air ducts, TPEE was selected to replace the previous EACM rubber hoses. Further tests and prototypes should be conducted and produced to verify the effect of the optimization.

Detta examensarbete har genomförts hos Weda AB gällande deras bottensug B600. Syftet med projektet har varit att åstadkomma en ökning av robotens automationsgrad för att eliminera behovet av övervakning och samtidigt minska robotens operationstid per rengöringscykel. För att öka automationsgraden har en kursavvikelse, som uppkommer i samband med robotens övergång från poolens djupa del till dess grunda del, undersökts. Fokus har legat på att minska denna avvikelse genom att ta fram ett mekaniskt tillbehör som enkelt kan monteras på roboten. Två stycken iterationer av prototypen har tillverkats och testats. Den andra iterationen kunde inte validera lösningen på grund av oförutsedda problem. En tredje iteration har som resultat av detta teoretiskt föreslagits med syfte att lösa dessa problem för att kunna validera konceptets verkan. Fortsatt testning av den tredje iterationen kommer därmed att vara avgörande för ifall konceptet som helhet fungerar som tänkt. / This thesis has been carried out at Weda AB regarding their bottom suction robot B600. The purpose of the project has been to achieve an increase in the robot's degree of automation to eliminate the need for monitoring and at the same time reduce the robot's operating time per cleaning cycle. To increase the degree of automation, a deviation of the course that occurs in connection with the robot's transition from the deep part of the pool to its shallow part has been investigated. The focus has been on reducing this deviation by developing a mechanical accessory that can be easily mounted on the robot. Two iterations of the prototype have been manufactured and tested. The second iteration could not validate the solution due to unforeseen problems. As a result, a third iteration has been theoretically proposed with the aim of solving these problems. Continued testing of the third iteration will thus be decisive for whether the concept as a whole will work as intended.

Syftet med detta examensarbete var att bidra med ett alternativ till den nuvarande rengöringsmetoden som används på Wedas bottensugare YT-600. En ersättning av pump och sugmunstycke med en elektrisk driven roterande enhet ska underlätta sedimentupptagningen i bassänger och tunnlar. I nuläget är borstarna som används på sugmunstycket inte tillräckligt effektiva. Den nya lösningen ska kunna bearbeta svårborttaget sediment och annan påväxt. En motor har valts för enheten, motorfästen har konstruerats och design ändringar har genomförts på YT-600s ramverk. Materialval, en marknadsanalys och en SWOT analys har genomförts för att identifiera eventuella förbättringsområden. I ett första skede har konceptgenerering skett för hand därefter har modellen konstruerats på CAD genom Creo Parametric. Beräkningar och simuleringar har genomförts för att kunna identifiera den maximala spänningen som sker på ramverket. Arbetet resulterade i framtagning av en ny lösning för YT-600. En lämplig elmotor har utsetts, motorfästen har konstruerats och en ersättning av pump samt sugmunstycke har genomförts. Därmed har målen för detta arbete uppnåtts. / The purpose of this thesis was to contribute with an alternative to the current cleaning method used on Weda's underwater cleaner YT-600. A replacement of the pump and suction nozzle with an electrically driven rotating unit will facilitate sediment removal in pools and tunnels. At present, the brushes used on the suction nozzle are not efficient enough. The new solution must be able to process sediment that is difficult to remove and other fouling. An engine has been selected for the unit, engine mounts have been designed and design changes have been made to YT-600’s framework. Material selection, a market analysis and a SWOT analysis have been carried out to identify possible areas for improvement. At first, concept generation took place by hand with paper and pen after which the model was constructed on CAD through Creo Parametric. Calculations and simulations have been performed to be able to identify the maximum stress that occurs on the framework. The work resulted in the development of a new solution for YT-600. A suitable electric motor has been appointed, motor mounts have been designed and a replacement of the pump and suction nozzle has been carried out. Thus, the goals for this thesis have been achieved.

Reducing losses of usable waste fiber from paper mills conserves valuable resources and has the capacity to produce considerable economic returns to the manufacturer. The purpose of this research effort was to evaluate the potential for the prevention of loss and/or recovery of usable waste fiber from paper machines within a fine paper mill. Further, a preliminary evaluation of fiber loss prevention strategies and fiber recovery technologies was conducted. The paper mill in question experienced losses of usable waste fiber to the sewer in amounts approaching, and sometimes exceeding 40 tons/day. An existing database of usable fiber test results was analyzed to determine patterns of fiber loss. Further testing showed that the most significant fiber losses resulted from centrifugal cleaner cones. These cones, designed to remove foreign material from stock, are one step in a series of mechanical cleaning devices in the stock preparation area of the paper mill. Cleaner cone systems on two of the paper machines were found to contribute most significantly to total fiber loss. Contrary to cleaner cone design, the dirt content of fiber rejects from cones experiencing excessive loss was very low. Cleaner cones on other machines operated normally. These rejects were extremely dirty and quantities of fiber were low. These results indicate poor operating efficiency of two of the cleaner cone systems in question. By adding cones where space is available, system capacity and efficiency will increase, fiber losses will decrease, and the dirt content of rejects will increase. This will result in substantial resource and financial savings to the paper mill. Technologies have been developed to recover usable fiber from paper mill sludge. However, prior to further investigation of the use of such innovations at this paper mill, efforts should focus on the reduction of fiber loss from point sources. / Master of Science