The turbine technology improvements from 1980 onwards have considerably increased mechanical and thermal stresses on turbine oils which, cause oil oxidation and thereby turbine oil degradation (Livingstone et al., 2007; Sasaki & Uchiyama, 2002). If the oil degradation problem is ignored, this might result in serious turbine system erratic trips and start-up operational problems (Overgaag et al., 2009). Oil oxidation by-products, in other words, sludge and varnish contaminants, lead stated turbine operation-tribological problems. Hence, sludge and varnish presence in turbine oil become a major reason for declining turbine reliability and availability. In the power generation industry, heavy-duty gas turbines as well as steam turbines have been lubricated with mineral based turbine oils for many decades (Okazaki & Badal, 2005). First, generally Group I oils (mineral base oils produced by solvent extraction, dewaxing) were used. Nevertheless, this group of oils has lower oxidation resistance. Therefore, modern gas turbines demand oils which have better oil oxidation resistance, and lower sludge and varnish contaminants tendency (Hannon, 2009). Today, there are many turbine lubricants available on the market. Besides Group I oils, more and more Group II oils (mineral base oils produced by hydro cracking and hydro treating) are selected in service, and having increased oil oxidation resistance. However field inspections demonstrate that Group II oils also experience sludge and varnish problems as well as Group I oils. Primary reason for these phenomena is the antioxidant additive packages that are used in Group II oils (Overgaag et al., 2009). In any case with recent oil formulations, oil degradation products still exist in current turbine oils, and will continue to do so in natural process. These sludge and varnish contaminants are less than 1 micron in size. Thus, they can pass turbine oil system standard mechanical filters without obstruction. With regard to keep the turbine systems in best operational conditions, external turbine oil cleaning practices became crucial to remove these less than 1 micron size oil degradation products from turbine oils. Current effective method for removing the sludge and varnish is to use electrostatic oil cleaners (Moehle & Gatto et al., 2007). Since the majority of turbine user and operator population have been shifted to use Group II based oils to counter the increased sludge and varnish problems, traditional oil cleaners became insufficient to remove sludge and varnish from Group II. (Due to Group II oils have different oil characteristics such as oil oxidation stability and solvency capability). With this awareness, thesis project is looking for ways to introduce and develop an Advanced Electrostatic Oil Cleaner to increase the availability and reliability figures of heavy-duty gas turbines against the rising amount of oil degradation products in modern formulated turbine oils. ECC (Electrostatic Cooled Cleaner) is an electrostatic oil cleaner device to clean and cool mineral based turbine oils for heavy-duty gas turbine applications by removing the sludge and varnish - oil contaminants from turbine oils. The basic principle of the ECC is based on the electrostatic force produced by parallel positioned electrodes which are charged with a high D.C. voltage. Oil contaminants- sludge and varnish have polar nature. Therefore, they are attracted by electrostatic forces whose intensity is proportional to the voltage applied. With the oil flowing in parallel to these electrodes, the polar particles in the oil (which is only neutral /no polar) are caught by filter media positioned between these electrodes. Small investments on advanced oil cleaner result in big savings on turbine system performance. Increased turbine availability and reliability predominantly reduce maintenance costs and risks besides, and thus maximizing revenue by extending heavy-duty gas turbine operational life. An introduced prototype of the ECC-D4 model was tested using two Group II and one Group I oils. The amounts of 200 liter (each) test oils were circulated approximately 300 times through the ECC-D4. In each 3 oil cleaning test sessions, it is proved that the oil insolubles content decreased approximately 40% in tested turbine oils within about 240 ECC-D4 operating hours. With taken base of heavy-duty gas turbine characteristics such as 400 MW power production capacity, annually 8000 operating hours, and 15000 liter oil reservoir volume; it is estimated that the ECC-D4 can extend the oil service-life from 24000 to 48000 operating hours (which is approximately the oil service end-life). In addition to that, assuming the ECC-D4 investment cost as 30k€, about 15k€ savings per year through the new turbine oil and component replacement costs, besides turbine operation profit losses. Moreover, the ECC-D4 returns on investment with a rate of 39 % for defined heavy-duty gas turbine. In general perspective of ECC-D4, it makes heavy-duty gas turbine infrastructure innovative, fully integrated and committed to fulfilling the need for clean, efficient, reliable power production practices in an environmental manner.

One of the most important factors leading to success of a regional/national cleaner (sustainable) production strategy is sector-focused approach. Due to limited resources and other constraints, it is a necessity to make a prioritization between sectors for cleaner (sustainable) production practices. Thus, within the scope of this study, manufacturing industry sub-sectors in Izmir and in Turkey were prioritized based on various criteria. The results should assist policy makers in the preparation of related sectoral roadmaps and action plans.The prioritization of manufacturing industry sub-sector was accomplished via Multi- Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method with the integration of recent available data and by taking feedback from the stakeholders. Investigation of the sectoral priorities was carried out both at regional (Izmir) and national (Turkey) level. The criteria used in prioritization of manufacturing industry sub-sectors in Izmir were water and energy consumption, amount of wastewater discharged, amount of solid waste and hazardous waste generated, greenhouse gas emissions, HerfindahlHirschman Index (statistical measure of market concentration), sectoral employment, number of companies, export share, added value and suitability for cleaner (sustainable) production. In the prioritization analysis of Turkey all of the aforementioned criteria for Izmir except Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, number of companies and added value were used.Based on the results of this study, the top five high priority industrial sectors for cleaner (sustainable) production practices in Izmir are basic metal industry, food products and beverages, chemicals and chemical products, other non-metallic mineral products and coke and refined petroleum. In the sectoral prioritization analysis for cleaner (sustainable) production in Turkey textile industry takes the place of coke and refined petroleum. These sectors coincide with the priority sectors identified based on different purposes by other regional and national institutions.

This thesis investigates the use of a combined set of quantitative and qualitative tools to help address known barriers associated with adopting and sustaining pollution prevention (P2) in an industrial manufacturing setting. The research was conducted at an Ontario dairy processing facility in the form of a case study. P2 is an alternative approach to traditional pollution control or abatement techniques. P2 is a preferred method for pollution management, both environmentally and economically, as it focuses on the efficient use of resources to prevent pollution at the source. The tools used in this research included: wastewater treatability testing, hierarchical process mapping, employee interviews, and causal loop diagrams (CLDs). The application of these tools assisted the participating facility in better characterizing its existing environmental problems, uncovering concrete resource saving opportunities within its processes, and providing more adaptive visual approaches of documenting and conveying P2 concepts. / OMAFRA Agri-Food and Rural Link KTT Funding Program

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-01T17:54:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-08-05. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-04-01T18:00:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000563958.pdf: 5863857 bytes, checksum: e178b32ca73d7f8e7732a3dde5e612f7 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / No Brasil, as atividades da construção civil são motivos de preocupação para os líderes ambientais, principalmente em relação à geração e à gestão dos resíduos da construção. Diante da necessidade de desenvolvimento sustentável nesse setor, a inovação tecnológica torna-se uma importante ferramenta para a minoração do impacto ambiental. Baseado nos princípios da produção mais limpa (P+L), o objetivo deste trabalho foi colaborar para o desenvolvimento da inovação tecnológica na construção civil, visando à redução dos resíduos gerados em obra. Utilizou-se como matéria-prima o gesso, água e polímeros, objetivando a melhoria nas propriedades deste material, tanto no estado fresco quanto no estado endurecido, como a redução da absorção e aumento da resistência à compressão, com conseqüente ampliação de sua utilização como material alternativo na construção civil na produção de painéis modulares de vedação. Diferentes tipos e quantidades de polímeros foram adicionados na água de amassamento do gesso para a realização de ensaios de laboratório que determinaram a trabalhabiblidade da pasta, os tempos de início e fim de pega, a taxa de absorção e a resistência à compressão axial. Pela microscopia eletrônica de varredura, foi possível analisar a microestrutura das pastas confeccionadas e confirmar os dados obtidos nos ensaios de absorção e resistência à compressão axial. Dois traços com presença de aditivos se destacaram em relação aos objetivos propostos neste trabalho. Os resultados indicam que a presença de Silicone, que é um produto comercial, proporcionou redução na taxa de absorção do gesso, de 75%, se comparado com traço branco de análise. No entanto, sua presença não influenciou significativamente na resistência à compressão do material. A adição combinada de Silicone e Glenium 3200 HES possibilitou a redução de 28% na relação água/gesso, aumentando... / In Brazil, the activities of civil construction are an issue of great concern to the environmental leaders, particularly in relation to the generation and management of the construction wastes. Given the need for sustainable development in this sector, technological innovation has become an important tool for the mitigation of environment impacts. Based on the principles of cleaner production (P + L), the aim of this work was to collaborate to the develoment of technological innovation in civil construction, aiming to reduce the waste generated in constructions. Plaster, water and polymers were used as raw materials. In order to improve the properties of the mixture, both in early age and hardened gypsum pastes, this study assessed whether an alternation in the misture proportion would yield a reduction in the absorption rate and an increase in the compression resistance, with consequent expansion of its use as an alternative material in civil construction in the production of modular panels to seal. Different types and quantities of resins were added in the water before mixing with the plaster. Laborstory tests were carried out to determine the workability of the gypsum paste, the initial and final setting time values, the absorption rate and compression resistance. Using the scanning electron microscopy, it was possible to analyze the microstructure of gypsum paste and comfirm the data obtained in laboratory tests of absorption and compression resistance. Two mixtures with additives were more relevant to the proposed objectives for this work. The results indicated that the addition of silicone, which is a commercial product, provided a decrease in the plaster absortion rate of 75%, when compared to mixture without silicone. However, their addition reduced the compression resistance of the material. The combined addition of silicone and Glenium 3200 HES yielded a reduction in water/plaster ratio of 30%, increasing the compression resistance ...

Submitted by JOSE CARVALHO FILHO null (jose.carvalho@urca.br) on 2017-11-07T19:37:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Final Carvalho.pdf: 2857653 bytes, checksum: cab6b3112cdb1a8763aa645bf65361dd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-11-21T13:41:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carvalhofilho_j_dr_guara.pdf: 2857653 bytes, checksum: cab6b3112cdb1a8763aa645bf65361dd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-21T13:41:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carvalhofilho_j_dr_guara.pdf: 2857653 bytes, checksum: cab6b3112cdb1a8763aa645bf65361dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O meio ambiente tem sido a fonte natural de recursos para oferecer bem-estar às necessidades humanas. As empresas de transformação são as principais consumidoras dos recursos naturais, que em algum momento da cadeia produtiva foram retirados do ambiente. Como resultado das atividades produtivas das empresas, o meio ambiente assimila a perda de recursos não renováveis, a incapacidade de recuperar suas funções e a degradação causada pelos impactos ambientais, motivados por resíduos e emissões. As pressões sociais e governamentais expressam o desejo de proteger o meio ambiente por meio do conceito de sustentabilidade dos sistemas produtivos. Muitas propostas e ferramentas tem surgido no cenário mundial, uma delas feita em conjunto por entidades mundialmente reconhecidas, como o Programa das Nações Unidas para o Meio ambiente (PNUMA), e a Conferência das Nações Unidas para o Meio ambiente e Desenvolvimento (CNUMAD), foi intitulada Produção Mais Limpa (P+L) e se propõe a evitar a controlar a poluição causada por resíduos e emissões antes que ocorra. Esta tese propõe diretrizes para implantação e gestão de princípios da P+L, como estratégia preventiva contra poluição para as empresas produtoras de calçados plásticos injetados. Essas diretrizes foram propostas a partir da fundamentação teórica obtida de uma pesquisa bibliográfica que contemplou os artigos mais citados em publicações de abrangência internacional. O referencial teórico obtido sobre o assunto deu suporte para a elaboração de um questionário semiestruturado que orientou a coleta de dados em uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo estudo de casos múltiplos, que mapeou o processo produtivo das empresas desse extrato e permitiu o pesquisador vivenciar a realidade dessas empresas e verificar o confronto entre a teoria e a prática em relação aos 14 princípios da P+L selecionados na literatura sobre o assunto. Após a coleta dos dados em empresas de porte micro, pequenas e médias, sendo duas de cada porte num total de seis empresas estudadas, a transversalidade da analise cruzada permitiu a generalizar a aplicação dos princípios em relação a realidade para dar suporte ao desenvolvimento das diretrizes de implementação que uma vez adotadas pelas empresas propiciará a mesma os benefícios relacionados a Produção Mais Limpa (P+L). / The environment has been the natural source of resources to provide well-being to human needs. The manufacturing industry are the main consumers of natural resources that remove them from the environment at some point along the production chain. Because of the productive activities of the companies, the environment assimilates the consumption of nonrenewable resources, the inability to recover its environmental functions and the degradation caused by the impacts of the waste and emissions. Social and governmental pressures express the desire to protect the environment towards the concept of sustainability of productions systems. Many proposals and tools have emerged along the world, one of them made jointly by globally recognized entities such as the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), entitled Cleaner Production (CP) and aims to avoid controlling the pollution caused by waste and emissions before it occurs. This thesis proposes guidelines for implementation and management of CP principles, as a preventive strategy against pollution for manufacturing industry of injected plastic shoes. A bibliographical research contemplated the most cited articles in publications of international scope and generated a theoretical reference that based the basis for the formulation of the guidelines for implementation and management of CP principles. The theoretical reference supported a protocol that guided the data collection in a qualitative research of the multiple case study. The case study mapped the productive process of the companies researched and allowed the researcher to experience the reality of these companies and check the confrontation between theory and practices in relation to the 14 principles of CP selected in literature. After collect data in a total of six companies, two of each, micro, small and medium size, the transversally of the cross analysis allowed generalize the application of the principles in relation to reality to support the development of the guidelines which once adopted by the companies will provide the same benefits related to Cleaner Production (CP).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-05-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:00:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_dj_me_bauru.pdf: 2830469 bytes, checksum: 472bcc066d7e9582cfd3189fdd96d740 (MD5) / A aplicação mínima da quantidade de lubrificante (MQL) na usinagem dos metais surgiu como uma alternativa para reduzir a abundância de fluidos de corte e, com isso, atingirn produção mais limpa. Na retificação, apesar de ser considerada uma técnica inovadora no aspecto ambiental, sua aplicação é restrita devido à geração excessiva de calor e ao entupimento dos poros do rebolo causado pelos cavacos, prejudicando a qualidade final do produto e aumentando o desgaste da ferramenta. Esta pesquisa buscou aprimorar o uso do MQL usando, além do jato com a mistura ar e óleo injetado na interface rebolo-peça à alta velocidade, um jato de ar comprimidom para minimizar o empastamento do rebolo gerado durante o processo de usinagem pela mistura formada pelo óleo do MQL mais os cavacos. Foram realizados ensaios na retificação cilíndrica externa de mergulho do aço ABNT 4340, temperado e revenido com dureza média de 54 HRc, usando rebolo de nitreto de boro cúbico (CBN) com ligante vitrificado. Os métodos de lubri-refrigeração propostos foram o convencional com fluido em abundância, MQL (estes dois sem uso do jato de ar para limpeza do rebolo) e MQL com a limpeza, variando o ângulo de incidência do ar comprimido na superfície de corte do rebolo. Consideram-se as variáveis de saída do processo: rugosidade, desgaste diametral do rebolo, circularidade, além de análises metalográficas e medições de microdureza da superfície retificada para verificação de danos térmicos; de forma a analisar a viabilidade da substituição do tradicional método de aplicação dos fluidos em abundância pelo MQL com a limpeza. Os resultados mostraram a possibilidade de implementação da técnica da limpeza do rebolo como um aprimoramento tecnológico da mínima quantidade de lubrificante na retificação, reduzindo o consumo dos fluidos de corte. A técnica MQL com limpeza... / The application of minimum quantity of lubricant (MQL) on machining of metals has emerged as an alternative to reduce the abundance of cutting fluids and then achieve a cleaner production. In grinding, although considered a breakthrough technique in the environmental aspects, its application is restricted due to excessive generation of heat and griding wheel loading caused by the chips, damaging the final product quality and increasing tools wear. The objective of this research was to improve the MQL technique by using an additional jet of compressed air to clean the clogged pores of the wheel. Tests were performed in cylindrical plunge grinding of the ABNT 4340 steel, quanched and tempered (54 HRc) with a vitrified cubic boron nitrite (CBN) grinding wheel. The suggested methods of lubrication were conventional (abundant fluid), MQL (that without the use of air jet to cleaning the wheel) and MQL plus cleaning system, changing the incided angle of the jet of compressed air in the cutting surface of the grinding wheel. The performance of the proposal technique was evaluated based on an analysis of the process output variables: roughness, diametric wear of the grinding, roundness, and metallographic analysis plus microhardness measurements of the grounded surface to verify thermal damage incidence. The results showed the possibility of implementing the technique of cleaning as a technological enhancement to minimum quantity of lubricant in the grinding, reducing the use of cutting fluids. The technique MQL plus cleaning system, in a specific incident angle of the compressed air was extremely efficient, resulting in better surface finish, reduced tool wear and free of thermal damage when compared with conventional methods without cleaning of the wheel

A industrialização gerou riqueza, mas também gerou a poluição ambiental pondo em risco as condições de vida no planeta. A produção mais limpa é uma metodologia de gestão para a prevenção da poluição nas manufaturas. A fim de difundir essa metodologia, foram criadas redes inter-organizacionais em diversas regiões do mundo para promover e implementar a produção mais limpa. No entanto, a difusão da produção mais limpa se confronta com barreiras organizacionais persistentes na américa latina como a resistência à mudança, falta de liderança, falta de formação de competências práticas, falta de suporte interno, falta de priorização e falta do efeito multiplicador. Isso sugere que, atualmente, tais redes especializadas nos aspectos técnicos da gestão ambiental não devem estar suficientemente capacitadas na gestão das variáveis organizacionais para a difusão da produção mais limpa. Como um primeiro passo rumo à compreensão destas variáveis, essa tese analisa as redes internas, dentro de uma grande corporação multinacional norte americana. A implementação de uma estrutura matricial para a gestão de projetos pela metodologia seis sigma estimulou os fluxos de conhecimento dos relacionamentos pessoais nas redes internas para mobilizar e multiplicar os conhecimentos tácitos aptos a prevenir a poluição. Deste modo, o desempenho do programa de produção mais limpa corporativo mais do que dobrou mundialmente e viabilizou-se que a subsidiária brasileira participasse do programa com seus primeiros projetos. As técnicas estatísticas comprovaram que a capacidade organizacional para a gestão de projetos tem poder explicativo para o desempenho do programa de produção mais limpa. Por fim, a modelagem qualitativa descreve a integração entre a estrutura matricial oficial e as redes internas de relacionamentos pessoais e propõe um modelo organizacional, no qual o âmbito global da infra-estrutura e o âmbito local das redes auto-projetadas para a execução dos projetos são interligados por um terceiro âmbito representado pelos fluxos dinâmicos de conhecimento das redes internas. / The industrialization created wealth but also generated environmental pollution causing risk for the planet life conditions. Cleaner production is a management methodology for pollution prevention in manufactures. Inter-organizational networks to diffuse this methodology were created in many regions of the world, in order to promote and implement cleaner production. However, the diffusion of cleaner production is confronted with recurrent organizational barriers in latin america as the resistance to change, insufficient leadership, insufficient development of practical skills, insufficient internal support, insufficient prioritization and insufficient multiplication effect. This suggests that currently those networks specialized in the technical issues of environmental management may not be sufficiently skilled to manage the organizational variables for the cleaner production diffusion. As a first step towards the understanding of those variables, in this thesis, the internal networks inside a big north american multinational corporation are analyzed. The implementation of a matrix structure for project management with the six sigma methodology stimulated the knowledge flows of the personal relationships in the internal networks to mobilize and diffuse the tacit knowledge needed to prevent pollution. Thus, the performance of the corporate cleaner production program more than doubled worldwide and also made it feasible to the brazilian subsidiary to participate in this program with its first projects. The statistical techniques proved that the organizational capacity for project management has explaining power to the performance of the cleaner production program. Finally, the qualitative modeling describes the integration between the matrix structure and the internal networks of personal relationships and it is proposed an organizational model, in which the global infra-structure dimension and the local self-designed networks dimension to the projects execution are interconnected by a third organizational dimension represented by the dynamic knowledge flow of the internal networks.

Esta pesquisa qualitativa buscou a realidade ambiental da produção industrial de malharias selecionadas na região de Monte Sião, em Minas Gerais, quanto a maior ou menor presença de preocupações de produção mais limpa, bem como sua visão em termos de redução do uso de água, de energia, e, especialmente, de resíduos sólidos têxteis. Justificou-se pelas preocupações relacionadas ao meio ambiente e sua preservação que implicam em questões cada vez mais pertinentes e abordadas nos estudos relacionados ao vestuário de moda, tal como o design que está inteiramente conectado às mudanças cotidianas, e interessado na redução de materiais. É neste contexto que se encontra a produção mais limpa (P+L), almejando agregar melhorias no processo ou no produto, buscando soluções por meio da apresentação de alguns processos que norteiam estes caminhos. Em vista disso, foi elaborada uma revisão da literatura especializada em têxtil, moda e cenários ambientais, e foi realizada uma investigação de campo baseada em métodos qualitativos exploratório de pesquisa, utilizando-se de observações diretas e entrevistas semiestruturadas efetuadas junto às malharias. Alguns resultados da investigação sugerem que a realidade ambiental da produção industrial de malharias tenha uma aproximação com a produção mais limpa, sobretudo, em relação ao tratamento dado aos resíduos sólidos têxteis. Na abordagem da pesquisa de campo observaram-se diferenças quanto às ações voltadas para a minimização de água, energia, e a geração de resíduos sólidos têxteis, ao passo que evidenciaram uma preocupação e tratamentos aos mesmos, indicando de certa forma que existe um equilíbrio quanto ao direcionamento do resíduo têxtil e a dedicação no tratamento, sendo um importante ponto de cuidado do polo industrial / This qualitative research sought the environmental reality of some selected industrial knitting production in the region of Monte Sião, in Minas Gerais, regarding the greater or lesser presence of \"cleaner production\" concerns, as well as its vision in terms of reduction of water use, energy, and especially solid textile waste. It has been justified by the environmental concerns and their preservation that imply issues increasingly relevant and addressed in studies related to fashion clothing, such as design that is fully connected to everyday changes, and interested in reducing materials. Cleaner production is found in this context, aiming to add improvements in the process or product, seeking solutions through the presentation of some processes that guide these paths. A review of the literature on textiles, fashion and environmental scenarios and a field research were carried out based on qualitative exploratory research methods, using direct observations and semi-structured interviews accomplished on-site. Some research results suggest that the environmental reality of the industrial production of knitting products is in line with cleaner production, especially in relation to the treatment of solid textile waste. In the field research approach, differences were observed regarding actions aimed at minimizing water, energy, and solid textile waste generation, while showing them a concern and treatments, indicating in a certain way that there is a balance to the direction of the textile waste and the dedication in the treatment, being an important point of care of the industrial pole

Cleaner production (CP) is the continuous application of a preventive environmental strategy process associated to the products and services of an organization, with the goal of increasing efficiency and reducing risks to human beings and the environment. Its implementation has generally increased productivity from the rational use of resources. Total Performance Scorecard (TPS) is a sistematic learning process, developing and continuous improvement, based on the sustainable growth of personal and corporate actions. The objective of this research was to propose a strategy to manage organizational processes, based on the principles of cleaner production in metal mechanic companies. The proposal for maintenance and continuity of improvements is based on the TPS cycle. The research was made from the data of a producer of agricultural machines in Rio Grande do Sul, which has the objective of reducing scrap in its processes. Three cases were considered in this research: obsoletes items, purchasing process of sheet metals and cutting the sheet metals to produce the pieces. The data show a significant improvement with the use of the cleaner production principles in the researched processes. / Produção mais limpa (PML) é a aplicação contínua de uma estratégia ambiental preventiva e integrada aos processos, produtos e serviços de uma organização, visando aumentar sua eficiência e reduzir riscos para a humanidade e o meio ambiente. Sua adoção, em geral tem elevado a produtividade a partir da racionalização no uso dos recursos. Total Performance Scorecard (TPS) é um processo sistemático de aprendizagem, desenvolvimento e melhoramento contínuos, baseado no crescimento sustentável das atuações pessoais e corporativas. O objetivo desta pesquisa é propor uma estratégia para o gerenciamento de processos organizacionais, com base nos princípios da produção mais limpa em empresa do setor metalmecânico. A proposta para manutenção e continuidade das melhorias baseia-se no ciclo TPS. A pesquisa foi feita a partir de dados de um fabricante de máquinas agrícolas do Rio Grande do Sul, que busca reduzir resíduos em seus processos. Três estudos de caso: itens obsoletos, processo de compra de chapas e corte de chapas para produção de uma peça, foram tratados na pesquisa. Os dados comprovam uma melhora significativa com a aplicação dos princípios da produção mais limpa nos processos estudados.

O crescimento da atividade industrial, com a conseqüente geração de maior quantidade de poluentes, aliado ao aumento das exigências da sociedade por um ambiente adequado para a qualidade de vida impulsionam o desenvolvimento de novas formas de gestão em processos produtivos. Os organismos normalizadores criaram normas técnicas e estratégias de orientação às empresas visando o desenvolvimento de formas de gestão que procuram a melhoria contínua aliada à vertente ambiental. A norma certificável da Série ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 14000 - Gestão Ambiental, relacionada ao Sistema de Gestão Ambiental (SGA), é a ISO 14.001, aplicável a qualquer tipo e porte de organização. Neste contexto, há outras estratégias voltadas para a melhoria da qualidade ambiental de processos produtivos, sendo a Produção mais Limpa (P+L) uma das que possui maior reconhecimento mundial. Esta foi criada pela UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) e pode ser definida como uma estratégia ambiental preventiva aplicada a produtos, processos e serviços para minimizar os impactos sobre o meio ambiente. Contudo, as normas e as metodologias relacionadas a esses sistemas não apresentam procedimentos detalhados para a sua realização. Dessa forma, o objetivo do estudo é o levantamento e análise de métodos, ferramentas e procedimentos (denominados neste estudo como práticas) de SGA e P+L, para suprir a lacuna identificada, e indicar possibilidades de interação dessas estratégias. A metodologia foi baseada na revisão bibliográfica, principalmente a sistemática. A análise das práticas frente às etapas do SGA e da P+L foi feita a partir do cruzamento dos objetivos das etapas dos sistemas com os objetivos de cada prática. Os resultados obtidos envolvem a indicação de práticas para aplicação nas etapas propostas de P+L e do SGA e, a partir disso, a identificação de etapas comuns e complementares entre os sistemas. Foram levantadas 73 práticas, sendo 43 aplicadas e discutidas no estudo. A maioria das práticas foram classificadas nas etapas de levantamento de aspectos ambientais, monitoramento e medição e à melhoria ou medição do desempenho ambiental vinculados à implementação tanto de um sistema de gestão ambiental, quanto da estratégia de P+L. O estudo demonstrou que faltam práticas relacionadas às etapas iniciais de ambos os sistemas (fase inicial de planejamento), ligadas a requisitos legais, documentação e ações corretivas e de não conformidades para o SGA e para elaboração de cronograma de atividades, fluxogramas e implementação das medidas de P+L. As principais interações apontadas pelo estudo a partir das práticas levantadas foram: Levantamento de Aspectos ambientais do SGA com a etapa de Balanços de massa e energia de P+L; a etapa de Monitoramento e medição do SGA com a etapa de Avaliação técnica, ambiental e econômica de P+L; e as etapas de Auditoria interna e Avaliação de resultados do SGA com as etapas de Avaliação dos resultados e Plano de monitoramento e continuidade de P+L. Portanto, foi possível concluir que a aplicação de um dos sistemas poderia facilitar o andamento e implementação do outro e vice-versa, além de se complementarem para atingirem melhor gestão ambiental em processos, produtos ou serviços. Além disso, há a necessidade de maiores estudos para validação das interações apresentadas. / The growth of industrial activity, with consequent generation of higher amount of pollutants, coupled with increased demands from society for a suitable environment for quality of life motivated the development of new forms of management in production processes. The standardization organizations have established technical standards and strategies to guide companies seeking to develop ways of managing that pursue continuous improvement, coupled with the environmental aspects. The certifiable standard of the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 14000 series - Environmental Management, is ISO 14001, related to the Environmental Management System (EMS) and applicable to any type and size of organizations. In this context, there are other strategies for improving the environmental quality of production processes, and Cleaner Production (CP), is one of which that has greater worldwide recognition. This strategy was established by UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) and can be defined as a preventive environmental strategy applied to products, processes and services to minimize impacts on the environment. However, standards and methodologies related to these systems do not present detailed procedures for its implementation. Thus, the objective of the study is a survey and analysis of EMS and CP methods, tools and procedures (named in this study as practices) to fill the gap identified, and indicate possibilities for incorporating these strategies. The methodology was based on literature review, mainly of the systematic survey of practices. The analysis of practices compared to the EMS and CP steps was made relating the objective of these steps with the goals of each practice. The results involve the appointment of practices for implementing the steps proposed by CP and EMS and, the identification of common and complementary steps between systems. A total of 73 practices were raised and 43 were applied and discussed in the study. Most of the practices were classified in steps of environmental assessment, monitoring and measuring and improving or measuring the environmental performance linked to the implementation of both an environmental management system and the strategy of CP. The study showed that there is a lack of practices related to the initial phases of both systems (the early planning stages), relating to legal requirements, documentation and corrective actions, non-conformance to the EMS and to elaborate schedule of activities, flow and implementation of CP measures.The main possible interactions identified by the study were: Environmental aspects step of EMS with Mass and energy balances step of CP; Monitoring and measurement step of EMS with Technical, environmental and economic evaluation step of CP; and Internal audit and Outcome assessment steps of the EMS with Evaluation of results and Monitoring plan and continuity steps of CP. Thus, it is possible to conclude that implementing one of the systems could facilitate the progress and implementation of the other and vice versa, besides complementing to achieve better environmental management in processes, products or services. Moreover, there is a need for further studies to validate the interactions presented.