River discharge can affect ocean surface temperature by altering stratification within the oceanic mixed layer. A hitherto unexplored aspect of present climate is the feedback of river runoff onto climate. This thesis presents an investigation of the impact of global river runoff on oceans and climate using a fully coupled global climate model, Community Climate System Model (CCSM). Two model simulations for a period of 100 years have been carried out: 1) a reference run (CTRL) that incorporates all the features of a global coupled model with river runoff into the ocean embedded in it, and 2) a sensitivity run (NoRiv) in which the global river runoff into the ocean is blocked. Comparison of model climate devoid of fluvial discharge with the reference run reveals the significance of fluvial discharge in the present climate. By the end of 50 years of NoRiv experiment, salinity growth slows down and reaches a quasi-stable state. Regions close to river mouths exhibited maximum salinity rise that can potentially alter local density and stratification. On an average, denser and saltier waters in the NoRiv run annihilate barrier layer and form a deeper mixed layer, compared to CTRL run. Density gradient created by the modulation in salinity set forth anomalous currents and circulation across coastlines that carries coastal anomalies to open ocean, preventing local salinity buildup. Arctic Ocean, Bay of Bengal, northern high latitude Pacific and the Atlantic are the most affected regions in terms of changes in salinity and temperature. Model simulations demonstrate that major transformation in Arctic freshwater budget can have potential impact on northern Pacific and Atlantic climate. In the absence of runoff, global average sea surface temperature (SST) rise by about ~ 0.5oC, with major contribution from northern higher latitude oceans. In the Pacific, high latitude warming is related to deepening of mixed layer as well as the northward transport of low latitude warmer waters. Substantial cooling in the central equatorial Pacific (~1oC during winter) can alter large-scale ocean-atmosphere circulation, including El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The reinforcement of Pacific and Atlantic western boundary currents aids the transport of warm saline water from low latitudes to higher latitudes. The results suggest that the river runoff can have potential impact on oceanic climate. Response of Indian summer monsoon rainfall to global continental runoff is also examined. In the NoRiv run, average summer monsoon rainfall over India increased by ~ 0.55 mm day−1. Consistent with the increase in annual average Indian monsoon rainfall, all other northern hemispheric monsoon systems showed an increase, while southern hemispheric monsoons weakened. Associated with enhanced monsoon, the periodicity of ENSO in the NoRiv run changes as a result of cooling tendency in the equatorial Pacific, a sign of consistent La Niña. Equatorial Pacific cooling, in spite of a global ocean warming trend, is found to be primarily because of the enhanced local easterly winds and resultant strong equatorial upwelling. Cold anomaly due to upwelling spread entire equatorial Pacific basin within a span of 50 years. The La Niña situation in the Pacific favored increased monsoon rainfall over Indian subcontinent. Another surprising result of this study is the strengthening of ENSO-monsoon relationship in the NoRiv run. This suggests that the river discharge can be considered as a dampening force in the ENSO-monsoon relationship. Northern hemisphere showed a clear warming in the NoRiv simulation compared to CTRL, the result of which is an enhanced trans-hemispheric gradient. Cross-equatorial winds triggered by this gradient blow from southern hemisphere and shift the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) northward, increasing the precipitation in the northern hemisphere. The cooling in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean and the warming in the west, reflected in the increase in number of positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events (9 positive and 5 negative IOD events in the last 50 years), also favored summer-time rainfall over India.

The thesis contains is familiar with the issues of renewable energy and global warming. Assessing the use of these resources in households in the Czech Republic. The selected family house, perform measurements on the existing heating system. In conclusion, there is suggestions for optimalization system houses, the possibility of linking the with renewable energy sources and an assessment of economic turn.

This diploma thesis aims to illuminate the issue of global climate change, its progression and describes the components of the climate system. The thesis addresses the impact of greenhouse gases on the climate system, the phenomenon of global warming, and the consequences along with their manifestations in the nature itself. The paper includes one chapter solely dedicated to the characterisation of environmental protection in historical context, with emphasis on the climate protection. The chapter also mentions a number of key international agreements and conferences. The second part of the thesis is concerned with the Indonesian legislation on climate protection in Indonesia. It also describes the global-scale impacts of selected activities and mentions number of international agreements and Indonesian regulation seeking to tackle the issue of climate change.

As alternative fuels are becoming more common, technologies need to adjust to them. Natural gas is one of the alternative fuels that has grown during the latest years in the transport sector. Natural gas consists of around 97 % methane and is the cleanest fossil fuel. The use of natural gas can make it easier to transition to biogas as it has equivalent properties. Today Scania CV AB's trucks fuelled by natural gas are using auxiliary cabin heaters driven by diesel. This means that the natural gas trucks have two fuels on-board the truck. The goal of this project is to find a concept to eliminate the diesel fuel and replace it with an auxiliary cabin heater driven by another energy source. It will improve the heating solution and make it superior from an environmental perspective. The result of the project lead to a short-term solution with an auxiliary heater fuelled by natural gas. A long-term solution is to have a cooperation with a manufacturer to develop a better natural gas auxiliary heater that fulfils more of the requirements in the technical specification. An experiment plan is devised to test parameters out of reach of the project.