Orientador: Caroline Joy Steel / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T15:43:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_EvelineLopes_M.pdf: 15471832 bytes, checksum: b43c4088e42981acaea0df1073c7d74c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito da adição de diferentes fontes de fibra alimentar em pão convencional e em pão pré-assado congelado. Um delineamento composto central rotacional (DCCR) foi utilizado, com as porcentagens das diferentes fontes de fibra alimentar - farelo de trigo, amido resistente e locust bean gum (LBG) - sendo as variáveis independentes. O delineamento incluiu dezoito ensaios: oito pontos fatoriais, seis pontos axiais e quatro repetições do ponto central. Os resultados foram analisados pela Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta. Os níveis de farelo de trigo, amido resistente e LBG usados foram, respectivamente: 0-20%, 0-20% e 0-3% (base farinha). As variáveis dependentes foram parâmetros farinográficos das combinações de farinha de trigo e fontes de fibra, parâmetros do processo de panificação (tempo de mistura rápida e tempo de fermentação) e características de qualidade dos pães (volume específico, cor instrumental da crosta e do miolo, aceitação sensorial, vida de prateleira avaliada através da umidade do miolo e dureza dos pães após um, quatro e sete dias do forneamento). O efeito do período de estocagem congelada (0, 32 ou 62 dias) foi avaliado através da submissão da média dos dados das características de qualidade dos pães dos dezoito ensaios do planejamento à análise de variância e teste de Tukey. Os resultados mostraram que as fontes de fibra alimentar modificaram a absorção de água e as propriedades de mistura da farinha de trigo, interferiram no tempo de mistura rápida do processo e nas características tecnológicas do pão, como volume, cor, umidade e dureza. No entanto, notou-se que as modificações tecnológicas não inviabilizaram os produtos, uma vez que eles foram bem aceitos sensorialmente e apresentaram uma alta intenção de compra pelos provadores. Verificou-se que o aumento do tempo de estocagem congelada, de 32 para 62 dias, não teve grande interferência na maioria das características dos pães analisados. Concluiu-se que foi possível a produção de pães convencionais e pães pré-assados congelados com fibras que atendem à legislação brasileira para fins de rotulagem nutricional de fibra alimentar (considerados fonte e/ou alto teor de fibras), com parâmetros tecnológicos e sensoriais que os permitem ser considerados produtos de boa qualidade / Abstract: The aim of this work was to study the effect of adding different dietary fiber sources to conventional bread and to frozen part-baked bread. A central composite rotational design (CCRD) was used, with the percentages of the different dietary fiber sources ¿ wheat bran, resistant starch and locust bean gum (LBG) ¿ being the independent variables. The design included eighteen trials: eight factorial points, six axial points and four repetitions of the central point. Results were analyzed using the Response Surface Methodology. The levels of wheat bran, resistant starch and LBG used were, respectively: 0-20%, 0-20% and 0-3% (flour basis). The dependent variables were farinographic parameters of the combinations of wheat flour and dietary fiber sources, baking process parameters (rapid mixing time and proofing time) and bread quality characteristics (specific volume, crust and crumb instrumental color, sensory acceptance, shelf-life evaluated through crumb moisture and bread hardness after one, four and seven days from baking). The effect of the frozen storage period (0, 32 or 62 days) was evaluated by the submission of the average values of the bread quality characteristics of the eighteen trials of the experimental design to Analysis of Variance and the Tukey test. The results showed that the dietary fiber sources modified the water absorption and the mixing properties of the wheat flour, interfered in the rapid mixing time and in the technological characteristics of bread, such as volume, color, moisture and hardness. Nevertheless, it was shown that the technological modifications did make the products unfeasible, as they had a good sensory acceptance and a high buying intention by the panelists. It was observed that the increase of frozen storage time, from 32 to 62 days, did not greatly affect most of the bread characteristics analyzed. It was concluded that it was possible to produce conventional and frozen part-baked breads with fiber that attend the Brazilian legislation regarding nutritional labeling claims related to dietary fiber (breads that can be considered sources and/or high fiber content), having technological and sensory parameters that permit them to be considered good quality products / Mestrado / Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos

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There are numerous problems in the world that need to be dealt with in order to achieve sustainable development. The energy system has significant negative impacts on many of these problems, and there is a need for a transition towards more sustainable energy. Sweden has already started this transition and is using large amounts of renewable energy. However, within the transport sector and the manufacturing sector in particular, large amounts of fossil fuels are still used. Biogas is one alternative that can help solve several sustainability problems and that could be part of a future more sustainable energy system. However, it is not certain what biogas is most suitable to be used for. The aim of this thesis is to investigate how biogas should be used in a future more sustainable energy system, by answering three research questions: 1) In what ways can biogas be used in a more sustainable energy system? 2) How can we assess whether biogas is suitable in a specific context? and 3) What determines whether it is easy or difficult for a user to start using biogas? These questions are explored in a Swedish context using four appended articles, which are based on two collaborative projects using a combination of workshops, literature reviews and interviews. Biogas can be used for heat, electricity or fuel in the manufacturing or transport sector. In Sweden, heat and electricity are mainly of interest for smaller production scales, while production on larger scales will likely be dominated by upgrading mostly to CBG but also to LBG. CBG can be used for less energy-intensive purposes, such as cars or buses, while the growing interest in LBG in Sweden may open up new market segments for biogas which are more energy-intensive, such as heavy trucks or shipping, or in geographical locations that are further away from the site of production. Several sustainability assessment methods exist that can be used to evaluate whether biogas is suitable in a specific context, such as multi-criteria assessments or scenario analyses. These methods can include a number of different aspects that are relevant to biogas use, such as GHG emissions, safety issues, and the vitality of the surrounding region. In order to introduce biogas, six main factors were identified that can make this easier or more difficult: technical maturity, tank volume, distance between the producer and the user, scale of energy use, policies and costs, and strategies of individual organizations. Overall, the rise in LBG production creates new opportunities for biogas use in both geographical and usage areas that did not previously use biogas. There is no simple answer to what biogas should be used for in the future – rather, this depends on the circumstances. It is also possible that the usage areas that are most suitable now for biogas might not be the most suitable areas in the future, depending on developments within, for example, the electricity system and hydrogen. However, CBG and LBG are likely to dominate biogas production in Sweden until then.

This dissertation deals with the Corporate Social Responsibily and highlights the importace of evaluation of CSR activities. I have chosen T-Mobile Czech Republic a.s. as an example of a socially responsible company. I evaluate one of its CSR activities by LBG methodology. Based on the analysis contained in this dissertation TMCZ can be considered as a socially responsible company. Its CSR activities are not only beneficial for the community, but also for the company itself. The purpose of this disertation is to stimulate creation CSR annual report in TMCZ and point out the importace of close monitoring of supported projects, so that it would be possible to find out the efficiency of invested resources.

The theses works with company social responsibility in a banking sector, it's reporting and with a way it influences total brand value. The theoretical part is focused on description of social responsibility and company's philantropy with a emphasis on it's benefits for a company. Special parts are dedicated to possibilities of brand value evaluation and also to a new EU directive on non-profit report. Practical part of the research is focused on Česká spořitelna, her activities in the field and it's management. The author measures an influence of ČS CSR activities on general brand awareness among both groups employees and customers. The author uses explorative probe. The author also offers some recommendations for more effective CSR management and it's use for brand value strengthening based on the results of the research.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att bidra till en bättre förståelse för LBG:s förutsättningar inom sjöfarten genom att kartlägga vilka möjligheter och hinder som finns för att använda LBG som bränsle i Östersjöområdet. Studien består av en analytisk kartläggning som baseras i en litteraturstudie och kompletteras av en intervjustudie med branschaktörer.  Uppsatsen använder en kombinerad PESTLE/SWOT-metodik, där en kartläggning har utförts med hjälp av en PESTLE-analys för att identifiera områden och faktorer. Faktorerna har därefter analyserats genom en SWOT-analys för att svara på rapportens formulerade huvudfrågeställning. Resultatet visar att potentialen för LBG inom sjöfartsbranschen är stor, särskilt då den huvudsakliga infrastrukturen för bränslet finns på plats med anledning av LNG:s framväxt i Östersjöområdet. Den volymmässiga avsättningspotentialen för bränslen är också stor inom sjöfarten, och LBG har unika styrkor jämfört med LNG och i sjöfarten redan etablerade bränslen. LBG:s styrkor ligger i linje med de målsättningar som finns kring omställning till förnybara bränslen i transportsektorn, samt de strategier och mål som finns om att reducera koldioxidutsläpp på global och europeisk nivå. Intervjuade rederier menar att de ser utvecklingen mot LBG som ett naturligt steg för sin LNG-drivna flotta och att testverksamhet pågår med inblandning av LBG i LNG-drivna fartyg. Tre faktorer identifierades som särskilda viktiga för utvecklingen mot LBG i sjöfartsbranschen i Östersjön. En av dessa berör produktionskapaciteten av LBG, där sjöfartsbranschens stora energibehov medför att endast en begränsad inblandning av LBG är möjlig i dagsläget. Ett annat identifierat fokusområde består i LBG-kostnad för sjöfarten, där den hårda konkurrenssituationen inom branschen negativt påverkar rederiers möjligheter att bekosta inblandning av LBG. Förutsättningarna påverkas också av att fartygsbränslen för kommersiell sjöfart är skattefria och att andra potentiella branscher för LBG medger möjlighet till skattemässiga subventioner. I uppsatsen skissas det på förslag för hur man kan avhjälpa dessa hinder och bättre utnyttja LBG:s styrkor som fartygsbränsle i Östersjöområdet. / The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of LBG's conditions in the shipping sector by mapping out the opportunities and barriers of using LBG as fuel in the Baltic Sea area. The paper consists of a literature study that is supplemented by an interview study with industry players. The thesis uses a combined PESTLE / SWOT methodology, where a survey has been performed using a PESTLE analysis to identify areas and specific factors. The factors were then analyzed through a SWOT analysis to answer the main issue proposed by the author. The results show that there is considerable potential for LBG in the shipping industry, especially as the entire fuel infrastructure is in place due to LNG's continuous growth in the Baltic Sea area. LBG has unique strengths compared to both LNG and fuels that are already established in the maritime industry. LBG's strengths are in line with the aims of increasing renewable fuels in the transport sector, as well as the strategies and targets that exist to reduce carbon dioxide emissions at a global and European level. Interviewed shipping companies see the development towards LBG as a natural step for their LNG-operated fleet, and that testing is ongoing with mixing LBG in some LNG-fueled vessels. Three factors were identified as particularly important for the development of LBG in the Baltic Sea. One of these concerns the production capacity of LBG, where the large energy needs of the shipping industry mean that only a limited use of LBG is possible at present. Another identified focus area is costs in relation to LBG, where the tough competitive situation in the shipping industry negatively impacts shipping companies' ability to afford a more expensive fuel like LBG. The prerequisites are also affected by the fact that ship fuels for commercial shipping are tax-free and that other potential sectors for LBG allow for tax subsidies. The thesis outlines proposals for how to overcome these obstacles and make better use of LBG's strengths as a fuel for shipping in the Baltic Sea area.

In this thesis we address the problem of designing codes for specific applications. To do so we make use of the relationship between clusters and codes. Designing a block code over any finite dimensional space may be thought of as forming the corresponding number of clusters over the particular dimensional space. In literature we have a number of algorithms available for clustering. We have examined the performance of a number of such algorithms, such as Linde-Buzo-Gray, Simulated Annealing, Simulated Annealing with Linde-Buzo-Gray, Deterministic Annealing, etc, for design of codes. But all these algorithms make use of the Eucledian squared error distance measure for clustering. This distance measure does not match with the distance measure of interest in the error correcting scenario, namely, Hamming distance. Consequently we have developed an algorithm that can be used for clustering with Hamming distance as the distance measure. Also, it has been observed that stochastic algorithms, such as Simulated Annealing fail to produce optimum codes due to very slow convergence near the end. As a remedy, we have proposed a modification based on the code structure, for such algorithms for code design which makes it possible to converge to the optimum codes.

The maritime industry must deal with several challenges and difficulties to tackle climate change. Organisations and companies are pursuing strategies to decarbonize the operations and provide an efficient and sustainable model for the shipping sector that would not damage the natural environment. The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) and the European Union have implemented a set of regulations to tackle the rapid increase of Greenhouse Gas emissions, researching and developing new marine fuel technologies. Decision-making processes have been usually used with the participation of several stakeholders, concluding on an eventual ranking of several alternatives. However, this master thesis assesses with the aid of a Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methodology, and the Distance To Target weighting scheme four marine fuels technologies. It takes into consideration science-based targets, especially the Planetary Boundaries framework and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, with the overall goal to assess the robustness of the results and compare them with other conducted analyses. The final results shows that hydrogen is defined as the most sustainable fuel, based on 5 selected criteria, followed by ammonia, LBG and LNG. However, there are differences between conventional MCDA and current research’s results when it comes to the weighting of the sustainability criteria, which is based on assumptions that have been made during the analysis. More accurate data on marine fuel technologies, and specific science-based targets for the maritime industry would assist decision-making methodologies, leading to objective outcomes.

No description available.

Due to the finite speed of light and a vast, expanding universe, telescopes are just now receiving the light emitted by galaxies as they were forming in the very early universe. The light from these galaxies has been redshifted (stretched to longer, redder wavelengths) as a result of its journey through expanding space. Using sophisticated techniques and exceptional multi-wavelength optical and infrared data, we isolate a population of 378 galaxies in the process of formation when the Universe was only two billion years old. By matching the distinctive properties of the light spectra of these galaxies to models, the redshift, age, dust content, star formation rate and total stellar mass of each galaxy are determined. Comparing our results to similar surveys of galaxy populations at other redshifts, a picture emerges of the growth and evolution of massive, star-forming galaxies over the course of billions of years.