Climate change will likely have impacts on disease vector distribution. Posing a significant health threat in the 21st century, risk of tick-borne diseases may increase with higher annual mean temperatures and changes in precipitation. We modeled the current and future potential distribution of the Ixodes ricinus tick species in Europe. The Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction (GARP) was utilized to predict potential distributions of I. ricinus based on current (1990-2010 averages) and future (2040-2060 averages) environmental variables. A ten model best subset was created out of a possible 200 models based on omission and commission criteria. Our results show that under the A2 climate change scenario the potential habitat range for the I. ricinus tick in Europe will expand into higher elevations and latitudes (e.g., Scandinavia, the Baltics, and Belarus), while contracting in other areas (e.g., Alps, Pyrenees, interior Italy, and northwestern Poland). Overall, a potential habitat expansion of 3.8% in all of Europe is possible. Our results may be used to inform climate change adaptation efforts in Europe.

The dissertation examines factors influencing nonprofit organizations' contribution to collaborative governance for climate change adaptation and nonprofit roles in the collaboration. Why an organization collaborates with others has long been a concern of scholars. However, in a majority of empirical studies, collaboration has been considered as a dichotomous concept. To fill the gap, this study considers organizations' contribution to collaboration, i.e., collaboration level in terms of power, joint activities, human resource, funding, and information sharing. To understand contribution of nonprofits to collaboration for climate change adaptation, this research employs the institutional collective action framework suggesting that organizations work together when expected benefits are greater than collaborative risks. Survey data from 101 nonprofit private organizations (beyoungri mingan danche) in South Korea, which are legally defined in the Assistance for Nonprofit, Nongovernmental Organizations Act, are analyzed. Finding is that government funding and social relationship are strongly associated with nonprofit contribution to collaboration, highlighting that the financial stability of nonprofit organizations and mutual trust among entities based on routine interaction are critical motives for nonprofit collaboration. Finding also reveals that Korean nonprofits mainly play a role as social capital creators in climate change adaptation. The finding also highlights that Sang Bu Sang Jo (相扶相助) among community members is a key concept to encourage nonprofit engagement in climate change adaptation in the Korean context.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第20744号 / 地環博第167号 / 新制||地環||33(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎地球環境学専攻 / (主査)准教授 吉野 章, 教授 岡﨑 健二, 准教授 西前 出 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

There are two primary purposes of this study. One is theory development and the other is empirical. The first aim will be conducted by proposing a framework for the integrated approach between Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation. The empirical purpose will be conducted by applying the framework on Nepal’s National Adaptation Plan (NAP). Numerous scholars and researchers have conducted research regarding why an integrated approach between DRR and CCA is favourable for the development in reducing vulnerability in areas and countries which are heavily affected by climate-related disasters. Although multiple convergences, there still exist certain obstacles and differences across the approaches. These include separation in institutions and actors, financial mechanisms, the gap between typologies and terminology and spatial scale differences. The main findings that can be gathered from this study is that Nepal's NAP includes many objectives and aspects which is pointing towards that the Integrated Approach is becoming more evident in today's DRR and CCA efforts. The areas which lacked the most in the NAP was the centralisation of poverty reduction and a lack of details regarding how and by whom many of the objectives and activities were planned to be implemented.

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Urban trees provide a wide array of benefits and values for urban dwellers as a foundational part of the biodiversity, the generation of ecosystem services and mitigation of negative impacts of climate change. However, management in cities often fail to acknowledge the diversity of ecosystem services in urban landscapes needed for improving resilience. Through interviews with actors managing tree communities within the city of Stockholm, along with a review of municipal policy documents, this study explores the qualities, values and benefits, focusing on biodiversity, ecosystem services and climate change adaptation, that are considered when making decisions about tree management. The interview results and policy documents were analyzed using an analytical framework for three different phases of management: (i) goals, (ii) strategies and measures and (iii) monitoring and evaluation. Most of the actors to some extent consider biodiversity, ecosystem services and climate change adaptation through ecosystem services in management. The strategies of including a more diverse set of values and benefits are still in its early stages, which is reflected in a low degree of strategical work, lack of clearly defined goals and limited operationalization of the concepts, and few actors work with monitoring and evaluation. However, more aspects of biodiversity and ecosystem services are gaining attention within management, and there is an ambition to incorporate such values to a greater extent.

Global mean sea levels are expected to have increased with 0,43-0,84 meters by the year 2100, due to the effects of climate change. An observed increase in the speed of which sea levels are rising is further cause for concern for inhabitants of coastal communities, as threats of flooding, erosion and saltwater intrusion rapidly become more imminent, prompting protective adaptation measures to be considered. The southernmost parts of Sweden are particularly exposed as the effects of post-glacial rebound are negligible or non-existent, meaning that adaptation measures in municipalities in this region are a more immediate concern than in other parts of the country. Municipalities in Sweden have a large responsibility and role in the planning processes for local adaptation measures. Recent research however indicates notable discrepancies in terms of both approach and progress of municipal adaptation work. This study uses content analysis of municipal planning and guiding documents to research and evaluate relative adaptation approaches by categorising and comparing relevant indicators of progress. The scope of the study is limited to the 33 coastal municipalities that experience 1mm/year or less post-glacial uplift. The findings indicate that municipal attention to sea level rise has increased notably in planning documents during the past ten years. Furthermore, the content analysis shows that the variation in planning documents used by municipalities in terms of purpose and approach vary greatly. Lastly, a comparison of the municipalities show that while there are notable differences in approach and progress, municipalities with established adaptation plans are similarly structured in terms of ambition and level of detail, and could be considered frontrunners in sea level rise adaptation work. / <p>2022-06-05</p>

In the midst of a climate crisis like the one the world is facing right now, it is essential to try to find new tools that allow better decision-making both to mitigate climate change and to adapt to it. To this day, data science has yet to develop the necessary knowledge to tackle climate change, even though there are large databases with climate data available. With the technological revolution that society is experiencing, and the large amounts of data generated every moment, it is inevitable to think that the necessary responses will inevitably require greater collection and use of data, along with the tools, knowledge, and infrastructure needed. Cities, as great centers of knowledge, population density and innovation, must take the lead to promote data science and Big Data and incorporate them into building urban resilience. For the combination to be productive, both concepts must also be understood in a holistic and complemented way, resilience and Big Data. Both dynamic and relatively new concepts must find the point of union and scientists investigating adaptation must reach out to data scientists to find the skills necessary to clean the data as well as organize, analyze and manage it. Pairing Big Data insights with a well-established and localized urban resilience context can reveal deeper understanding of climate vulnerability, leading to the adaptation of better early-warning systems, more rigorous monitoring and evaluation and ultimately more robust adaptation response based on more accurately defined problems. This study analyzes both concepts, fully understanding what Big Data is, and studying urban climate resilience in a specific setting: the city of Madrid. In this way, the results of this study allow the clear identification of the varied applications of Big Data for a given environment of climate change threats, such as heatwaves, loss of biodiversity and flooding, describing their main data sources, methods, and standing criteria. In addition, the major characteristics of the Big Data use process are explained in the decision-making mechanism, describing the barriers and key drivers of data access, assessment, and application. Such considerations include the correct integration of the different stakeholders in the data collection, cleaning and application processes, ethical considerations of privacy, use and ownership, as well as good governance issues such as fostering citizen participation, encouraging innovation and urging the creation of a solid and robust management infrastructure that promotes the proper operation of the data conditions. The use of Big Data can be a fundamental tool for the development of more robust, flexible and reflexive resilience strategies, which keep climate threats projections updated, allowing adaptation measures to be more relevant and suited for a system’s shocks and stresses. This study broadens the knowledge on which are the correct data sources, the relevance of these data on their application in urban climate resilience and specific Big Data considerations for the city of Madrid.

No description available.

No description available.