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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Clonostachys rosea em folhas de morangueiro: autoecologia e antagonismo a Botrytis cinerea / Clonostachys rosea in strawberry leaves: autoecology and antagonism to Botrytis cinerea

Cota, Luciano Viana 20 February 2004 (has links)
Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2017-04-28T11:16:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 417475 bytes, checksum: 8400f05bf369248ad0d6aa4ab07e5768 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-28T11:16:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 417475 bytes, checksum: 8400f05bf369248ad0d6aa4ab07e5768 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-02-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Em programa de pesquisa de manejo do mofo cinzento, causado por Botrytis cinerea (Bc), selecionaram-se quatro isolados de Clonostachys rosea (Cr). Em vista da não disponibilidade de informações, estudaram-se aspectos autoecológicos desses isolados e do PG 88-710 (proveniente do Canadá) em folhas de morangueiro. Quando aplicados em folhas, as quais foram submetidas a intervalos de 0 a 48h de câmara úmida após a aplicação, todos os isolados colonizaram as folhas. Os isolados sobreviveram em folhas e as colonizaram, quando submetidas à até 36h de ausência de molhamento foliar após a aplicação. A temperatura afetou o crescimento micelial em meio BDA e a colonização de discos foliares. A 10°C, os isolados cresceram pouco em BDA e não esporularam em discos foliares. O ótimo para crescimento em cultura e esporulação em discos foi em torno de 25°C. Em folhas previamente inoculadas com Bc e submetidas a intervalos de 0 a 36h de ausência de molhamento após a aplicação, todos os isolados reduziram a esporulação do patógeno, em níveis superiores a 93%. A redução da esporulação de Bc foi superior a 90% em folhas submetidas a intervalos de 0 a 48h de duração de câmara úmida, após a aplicação dos isolados. A 10°C nenhum isolado reduziu a esporulação do patógeno; a 15°C, a redução da esporulação variou de 37,1 a 72,3%; a 20°C, a redução foi superior a 85,7% e, a 25 e 30°C, Bc não esporulou. Quando aplicados antes do patógeno, em intervalos de 0 a 288h, os isolados reduziram de 47,3 a 97% da esporulação. Quando aplicados após o patógeno, nos mesmos intervalos, os isolados reduziram a esporulação, em níveis superiores a 95%. Em estudos de dinâmica temporal de isolados de Cr em plantas de morangueiro, durante 49 dias, os isolados de Cr sobreviveram durante todo o tempo em folhas ativas, porém houve redução da colonização foliar: 1 dia após a aplicação, a colonização foi de 16,3 a 18,3% e, aos 49 dias, foi de 3,9 a 5,5%. Em dois experimentos, avaliou-se a capacidade dos isolados em protegerem folhas da infecção por Bc. No primeiro, a esporulação do patógeno reduziu-se em 52,3% e 9,7%, após 1 e 7 dias da aplicação dos isolados, respectivamente. Nos demais intervalos, os isolados não reduziram a esporulação do patógeno. No segundo experimento, a redução da esporulação de Bc foi de 62,6% e de 19,4%, após 1 e 49 dias da aplicação dos isolados, respectivamente. Os isolados de Cr obtidos em condições brasileiras foram tão eficientes quanto o PG 88-710 na colonização de folhas de morangueiro e no antagonismo a Bc. / In a research program aiming to manage diseases caused by Botrytis cinerea (Bc), four isolates of Clonostachys rosea (Cr) were selected. As little is known about these isolates, their autoecology and of PG 88-710 (from Canada) was studied. on strawberry leaves. The isolates were applied on leaves, which stayed in moisture chamber on intervals varying from 0 to 48h, and leaf colonization was assessed. All five isolates colonized leaves, disregarding the interval of moisture chamber, and leaf colonization varied between 7.8 to 16.2%. The isolates were applied on leaves, which stayed until 36h without leaf wetness. Disregarding the delay in the time of moisture was established, the isolates survived and colonized the leaves (leaf colonization varied between 11.2 to 14.2%). Temperature affected both mycelial growth in vitro and leaf colonization. At 10°C, Cr isolates did not sporulate on strawberry leaf discs and grown poorly in PDA medium. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and leaf colonization was around 25°C. Leaves inoculated with Bc, were sprayed with each isolate and were kept from 0 to 36 h without surface wetness. All five isolates reduced pathogen sporulation by more than 93%. On leaves that stayed in moisture chamber on intervals varying from 0 to 48h after application of the isolates, reduction of Bc sporulation was larger than 90%. At 10°C, all isolates did not reduce pathogen sporulation; at 15°C, reduction on pathogen sporulation varied from 37.1 to 72.3%; at 20°C, the reduction was larger than 85.7%; at 25 and 30°C Bc did not sporulate. Each isolate was applied on leaves either before or after Bc inoculation, at intervals ranging from 0 to 288h. For all application times before Bc inoculation, reduction of pathogen sporulation varied from 47.3 to 97.0%. For most application times after inoculation, reduction of pathogen sporulation was larger than 95.0%. Temporal dynamics of Cr isolates on strawberry was studied during 49 days. All four isolates survived in active leaves but leaf colonization decreased from 16.3-18.3% to 3.9-5.5% from 1 to 49 days after application. Each isolate was applied on leaves, Bc was inoculated after 1 to 49 days (treatments weekly spaced), and pathogen sporulation was evaluated. For experiment 1, reduction of pathogen sporulation was 52.3% and 9.7%, 1 and 7 days after Cr application, respectively; Bc sporulation was not reduced at the other treatments. For experiment 2, reduction of pathogen sporulation was 62.6% and 19.4%, 1 and 49 days after antagonist application, respectively. The four isolates were similar to the PG 88-710 regarding leaf colonization efficiency and antagonistic capacity to Bc. / Dissertação importada do Alexandria
2

Produção massal de Clonostachys rosea / Mass production of Clonostachys rosea

Saraiva, Rodrigo Moreira 17 February 2009 (has links)
Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2017-06-20T18:42:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 502635 bytes, checksum: 3d459feebbf0f27372e1bb496c77054c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-20T18:42:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 502635 bytes, checksum: 3d459feebbf0f27372e1bb496c77054c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-17 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / O biocontrole do mofo cinzento em condições de campo é viável, este fato é comprovado pelo acúmulo de informações quanto ao antagonismo de C. rosea a B. cinerea. Porém, demanda-se otimizar a produção massal do antagonista, bem como obter formulação de baixo custo e estável no tempo. Nesse trabalho, objetivou-se desenvolver metodologia para produzir C. rosea. Avaliaram-se diferentes substratos, a otimização da produção, o tempo ótimo de produção, a suplementação do substrato, a concentração do inóculo inicial, a produção de esporos na ausência de luz e a produção de esporos em diferentes recipientes. Milheto, palha de soja e palha de feijão foram substratos eficientes na produção, que foi afetada pelo nível de umidade em cada substrato. A adição de suco de vegetal (V8 ® ) aumentou a esporulação em substrato arroz. Abrindo-se o recipiente após 6 dias de colonização, antecipou-se o tempo do início da coleta e maior produção de esporos. A faixa de concentração inicial testada (10 3 a 10 8 ) não afetou a produção final de esporos. Não houve diferença significativa entre a produção de esporos na ausência de luz e com fotoperíodo de 12 h, aos 30 dias de colonização. Avaliou-se, ainda, a sobrevivência de esporos de C. rosea, armazenados a 4°C ou temperatura ambiente após diferentes tempos de secagem (12, 24, 36 e 48 h) com dois diluentes (água e sacarose 35%). Também se avaliou a sobrevivência dos esporos em substrato moído, com ou sem Caolin, armazenados a 4°C ou temperatura ambiente. Após 4 meses, avaliou-se a capacidade destes esporos em colonizar folhas de eucalipto. A germinação dos esporos submetidos a diferentes tempo de secagem reduziu-se a zero após dois meses de avaliação, independente do tratamento. Em substrato moído, ocorreu aumento significativo da germinação na presença de caolim, armazenamento a 4°C no primeiro mês de avaliação, mas a germinação reduziu-se a zero após dois meses de avaliação. Realizou-se teste de colonização em folhas de eucalipto com esporos em que a porcentagem de germinação foi zero, e os esporos colonizaram-nas. Portanto, é possível ocorrer a dormência dos esporos, o que será estudado posteriormente. / It is believed that the biocontrol of gray mold with C. rosea under field conditions is viable. However mass production of the antagonist must be optimized and a formulation of low cost and stable over time must be developed. Therefore this research aimed to develop methods to produce and commercialize C. rosea in a commercial scale. We evaluated different substrates, the optimization to production, the optimum time to production, the supplementation of substrate, the initial inoculum concentration, the production of spores on absence of light, and the production of spores in different containers. Millet, soybean straw, and bean straw were efficient as substrates to produce spores, which was affected by the level of moisture on each substrate. The addition of V8 ® vegetable juice increased the sporulation on rice. The opening of the container after 6 days of colonization reduced the time to start to collect spores and increased spores production. The range of initial concentration tested (10 3 to 10 8 ) did not affect the final spores production. After 30 days, it was found no significant difference between the production of spores on absence of light and photoperiod of 12h. We also evaluated the survival of spores of C. rosea in a formulation stored at 4°C or laboratory temperature (24±2°C) after different drying times (12, 24, 36 and 48 h) with two solvents (water and sucrose 35%). The survival of spores in ground substrate, with or without Kaulin, stored at 4°C or environment temperature was evaluated. The ability of these spores to colonize leaves of eucalyptus was also evaluated after 4 months storage. The germination of formulated spores of all treatments reduced to zero after 2 months of evaluation. In the ground substrate, germination significantly increased in the presence of Kaulin, storage at 4°C, at the second month of evaluation, but it was zero after 2 months of evaluation. However the fungus colonized eucalyptus leaves even after the formulated spores being stored for 4 months storage. Therefore, it is possible that the spores become dormant, which will be studied later. / Dissertação liberada do sigilo pelo Orientador em 29 de novembro de 2016. Documento anexado ao Termo de Autorização.
3

Influência de fatores bióticos e abióticos no estabelecimento de Clonostachys rosea em tecidos de roseira e controle biológico de Botrytis cinerea pelo antagonista em restos culturais / Effects of biotic and abiotic factors on Clonostachys rosea establishment on rose tissues and biological control of Botrytis cinerea by the antagonist on rose debris

Morandi, Marcelo Augusto Boechat 06 February 2001 (has links)
Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2017-06-20T16:31:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 443327 bytes, checksum: 5dacc858720c3f3f3562b9c76b172d07 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-20T16:31:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 443327 bytes, checksum: 5dacc858720c3f3f3562b9c76b172d07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-02-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Objetivou-se avaliar o controle biológico de B. cinerea por C. rosea, como componente do manejo integrado do mofo cinzento em roseiras, com as seguintes hipóteses de trabalho: i- C. rosea pode colonizar endofiticamente, diferentes tecidos de roseira, em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento; ii- C. rosea possui habilidade saprofítica para se estabelecer na comunidade microbiana dos restos culturais de roseira; iii- C. rosea coloniza eficientemente ferimentos nos tecidos de roseira e limita a colonização do patógeno; e iv- C. rosea reduz eficientemente a produção de inóculo de B. cinerea em condições de cultivo protegido. Clonostachys rosea germinou, estabeleceu endofiticamente e esporulou abundantemente, em tecidos maduros, senescentes ou mortos. A germinação foi mais alta em tecidos mortos (>98% de conídios germinados) que em folhas e pétalas maduras e senescentes (31% a 47%). Quando folhas maduras foram feridas antes da aplicação de C. rosea, o número de conídios germinados dobrou, mas a área com esporulação do fungo não se alterou e foi alta (>75%). Em folhas maduras, aplicou-se C. rosea imediatamente ou até 24 h após ferimento, e, a seguir, inoculou-se B. cinerea; a germinação do patógeno reduziu-se em até 41% e a esporulação em mais de 99%. O período de 24h de alta umidade, antes das aplicações em folhas senescentes e mortas, estimulou o crescimento de fungos indígenas presentes e reduziu a esporulação de C. rosea e B. cinerea. Em folhas mortas, a associação de fungos indígenas com C. rosea contribuiu para o controle do patógeno. Entretanto, quando aplicados em alta densidade de esporos, Penicillium sp. e Alternaria alternata interagiram negativamente com C. rosea e reduziram sua eficiência em 16 e 21%, respectivamente. Em folhas, estudou-se o efeito de infestações de pulgões (Macrosiphum rosae L.) e de ácaros (Tetranychus urticae Koch) no crescimento e esporulação de C. rosea e B. cinerea e na supressão do patógeno pelo antagonista. A germinação dos dois fungos foi maior nas folhas previamente infestadas por pulgões e ácaros. Naaplicação combinada C. rosea+B. cinerea, em folhas não infestadas, o antagonista suprimiu a germinação do patógeno em mais que 50%, mas, nas infestadas, a germinação do patógeno foi alta (>75%). A infestação com pulgões e ácaros aumentou significativamente a esporulação de C. rosea, independentemente da presença de B. cinerea, e a de B. cinerea, quando inoculado isoladamente. Entretanto, na aplicação combinada, o antagonista suprimiu quase que completamente a esporulação do patógeno, tanto nas folhas infestadas quanto nas não infestadas. Em condições de casa de vegetação, avaliaram-se os efeitos de C. rosea na esporulação de B. cinerea e de variáveis climáticas sobre a colonização dos restos culturais de roseiras (‘Sônia’ e ‘Red Success’) por ambos os fungos. Em ambas as cultivares, a esporulação do patógeno foi consistentemente reduzida em 30 a 50% nos tratamentos onde se aplicou C. rosea (C. rosea e C. rosea+mancozeb, para ‘Red Success’, e C. rosea, para ‘Sônia’). Na aplicação de C. rosea+mancozeb, a esporulação do antagonista reduziu-se em 10 a 15%, ao longo do ensaio, apesar de não ter reduzido significativamente o controle da esporulação de B. cinerea. Nos tratamentos onde foi aplicado, C. rosea estabeleceu-se eficientemente nos restos culturais de roseira, em vista do incremento da sua esporulação a cada avaliação, pelo alto valor da área abaixo da curva de esporulação do antagonista e pela redução crescente na esporulação de B. cinerea. Entretanto, não houve redução significativa da incidência da doença, provavelmente, porque as aplicações de C. rosea iniciaram-se ao final de janeiro, quando a epidemia do mofo cinzento já estava em estádio avançado; não se realizaram práticas de saneamento ao longo do ensaio; e nem todas as roseiras da casa de vegetação foram tratadas com C. rosea, o que permitiu a multiplicação do patógeno. Entretanto, espera-se que, em casas de vegetação, mesmo sob condições favoráveis ao patógeno, a aplicação de C. rosea ao longo de vários ciclos produtivos possa reduzir a população de B. cinerea e, conseqüentemente, a incidência do mofo cinzento em botões. A umidade relativa máxima foi o principal fator de estímulo à colonização de ambos os fungos, por sua influência direta no teor de umidade dos restos culturais; enquanto a umidade relativa mínima e a temperatura máxima reduziram a colonização de ambos, por estarem associadas ao dessecamento dos restos. O fato de os requerimentos ambientais para os dois fungos serem similares é relevante em termos do estabelecimento de estratégias de controle biológico de B. cinerea. / To evaluate the biological control of B. cinerea by C. rosea as a component of the integrated management of rose gray mould, the following hypothesis were tested: i- C. rosea is able to grow endophyticaly on different rose tissues at different developmental stages; ii- C. rosea is able to establish on the microbial community of rose debris; iii- C. rosea is able to colonize wounds and restrict the growth of the pathogen in rose tissues; and iv- C. rosea can inhibit B. cinerea sporulation on rose debris in commercial greenhouse. Clonostachys rosea germinated, established, and sporulated abundantly on mature, senescent, and dead tissues. Germination was higher on dead tissues (>98%) than on mature and senescent tissues (31% to 47%). On wounded mature leaves, germination of C. rosea was twice higher than on non-wounded leaves. The area covered by conidiophores was not affected by wounds and was high (>75%) on all instances. On mature leave that were wounded, inoculated with C. rosea immediately or until 24 h after wounded, and challenge inoculated with the pathogen, the germination of B. cinerea was reduced by 41% and the sporulation on more than 99%. When senescent and dead leaves were subjected to a 24h of high humidity before the inoculations, the growth of indigenous fungi was stimulated and the sporulation of both C. rosea and B. cinerea was reduced. The association of the indigenous fungi with C. rosea contributed for the control of the pathogen on dead leaves. However, when applied on high inoculum density, Penicillium sp. and Alternaria alternata interacted negatively with C. rosea and reduced the antagonist efficiency by 16 and 21%, respectively. The effects of aphids (Macrosiphum rosae L.) and mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch) infestations on growth and sporulation of C. rosea and B. cinerea and on the control of the pathogen by the antagonist were evaluated on rose leaves. When applied alone, the germination of both fungi was greater on infested leaves than on the control leaves. In the combined application, C. rosea inhibited the germination of the pathogen on non-infested leaves by 50%. However, on infested leaves the germination of B. cinerea was high (>75%) despite the presence of the antagonist. Similarly, the infestations of aphids and mites increased the sporulation of both B. cinerea and C. rosea when each fungus was applied alone. However, in the combined application C. rosea inhibited the sporulation of B. cinerea on more than 99% on infested and non-infested leaves. The reduction on B. cinerea sporulation by C. rosea and the effects of climatic factors on pathogen and antagonist growth on rose debris of ‘Sônia’ and ‘Red Success’ plants were evaluated in a plastic covered greenhouse. For both cultivars, B. cinerea sporulation was consistently reduced by 30 to 50% on the treatments were C. rosea was applied (C. rosea and C. rosea+mancozeb, for ‘Red Success’, and C. rosea, for ‘Sônia’). When C. rosea was associated with mancozeb, fungal sporulation was reduced by 10 to 15%, but the efficiency of the antagonist in controlling pathogen sporulation was not significantly reduced. C. rosea established efficiently on rose debris, as verified by the increment of the antagonist sporulation at each evaluation, the high values of area under sporulation curve, and the crescent reduction on B. cinerea sporulation. However, the incidence of gray mould was not significantly reduced, probably due to three main reasons: the applications of C. rosea started by the end of January, when gray mould epidemic was advanced; no sanitation practices were performed during the experiment; and the production of B. cinerea spores on border plants (untreated) in the greenhouse. The daily maximum relative humidity was the main factor that stimulated the debris colonization by both fungi, probably by its influence on the humidity content of the debris. The daily minimal relative humidity and maximum temperature, probably because of their association to the debris dryness, reduced the growth of both fungi. The find that the environmental requirements for C. rosea and B. cinerea are similar can be of paramount importance to establish a biocontrol strategy against the pathogen. From the present and previous studies, the continuous applications of C. rosea can be expected to markedly reduce inoculum production by B. cinerea and, consequently, gray mould incidence in rose production systems, regardless the favorable conditions for the pathogen in the greenhouse. / Tese importada do Alexandria
4

Interação Clonostachys rosea - Botrytis cinerea em morangueiros e mudanças metabólicas nas plantas / Clonostachys rosea - Botrytis cinerea interaction in strawberry plants and metabolic changes in the plants

Borges, Álefe Vitorino 24 February 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2018-09-19T17:34:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 672894 bytes, checksum: 1244927f20e5eed71f3171916884e265 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-19T17:34:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 672894 bytes, checksum: 1244927f20e5eed71f3171916884e265 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Botrytis cinerea, o agente etiológico do mofo cinzento, é um patógeno importante em morangueiros. Clonostachys rosea é efetivo no biocontrole dessa doença em diversas culturas, em condições controladas e de campo. O antagonista pode, ainda, promover o crescimento, aumentar a produção e induzir respostas de defesa nas plantas. Objetivando-se investigar os efeitos da aplicação do antagonista na população do patógeno e no metabolismo da planta, estudou-se a interação entre C. rosea, B. cinerea e morangueiros com base na dinâmica populacional dos fungos e no perfil metabólico do hospedeiro. Avaliou-se a colonização foliar de ambos os fungos e a sobrevivência epifítica de C. rosea em folhas, em câmara de crescimento e em cultivos comerciais. O antagonista se estabeleceu e reduziu a colonização por B. cinerea, principalmente quando aplicado semanalmente. A população de C. rosea diminuiu com o tempo após a aplicação, e a intensidade de colonização pelo patógeno foi inversamente proporcional à do antagonista. Em câmara de crescimento, a população epifítica do antagonista reduziu-se substancialmente aos 3 dias da aplicação. Em condições de campo, onde o intervalo mínimo entre a última aplicação e coleta de folhas foi de 7 dias, não foi possível quantificar a população epifítica do antagonista. Comparou-se o perfil metabólico de morangueiros tratados com C. rosea em intervalos de 7, 14 ou 28 dias ao de morangueiros não tratados, e verificou-se que a aplicação semanal alterou o perfil metabólico. Aumentos significativos nos níveis de citrato e succinato, compostos intermediários do ciclo de Krebs, de alguns fitoesteróis, fitoestrogênios, cafeína e piceatanol foram observados. Tais alterações podem estar relacionadas à promoção de crescimento e ativação do sistema de defesa. Concluiu-se que C. rosea afetou a dinâmica populacional de B. cinerea em tecidos assintomáticos e alterou o perfil metabólico de morangueiros. Esses resultados subsidiam estudos subsequentes para elucidar o modo de ação de agentes de biocontrole. / Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of gray mold, is an important pathogen of strawberry plants. Clonostachys rosea is effective in the biocontrol of gray mold in several crops, in growth chamber or field conditions. The antagonist may also promote growth, increase the production and induce defense responses of plants. Aiming to investigate the effects of antagonist application on pathogen population and plant metabolism, we studied the interaction of C. rosea, B. cinerea and strawberry plants based on the population dynamics of both fungi and metabolic profile of the host. We assessed leaf colonization of both fungi and the epiphytic survival of C. rosea on leaves, under growth chamber and in commercial cultivations. The antagonist established in leaves and reduced the colonization by B. cinerea, mainly when applied weekly. The population of C. rosea decreased over time after the application and tissue colonization by the pathogen was inversely proportional to the colonization by the antagonist. Under growth chamber the antagonist population was substantially reduced 3 days after applied. Under field conditions, which the minimal interval between last application and the collection of leaves was 7 days, it was not possible to quantify the epiphytic population of the antagonist. We compared the metabolic profiles of strawberry plants treated with C. rosea at intervals of 7, 14, or 28 days with the profiles of untreated plants, and found that weekly applications altered the metabolic profiles. There was a significant increase in the levels of citrate and succinate, intermediate compounds in the Krebs cycle, some phytosterols, phytoestrogens, caffeine, and piceatannol. These changes may be related to growth promotion and activation of plant defense system. In conclusion, C. rosea affected the population dynamics of B. cinerea in symptomless tissues and changed the metabolic profile of strawberry plants. These results can support subsequent studies aiming to elucidate the action mode of biocontrol agents.
5

Cellobiose dehydrogenase from Clonostachys rosea: Production, purification and activity analysis

Larsson, Terese January 2021 (has links)
Biological control agents are a promising niche to replace chemical pesticides for treating plant pathogens in agriculture. A potential biocontrol agent is the microparasitic fungi Clonostachys rosea which has the ability to attack various plant pathogens such as other fungi and nematodes. One key feature in the interaction between mycoparasite and prey is degradation of the fungal cell wall where cell wall degrading enzymes are important. One cell wall degrading enzyme is cellobiose dehydrogenase of which it has been found a high number of genes for in C. rosea compared to other mycoparasites. The reason for these many cellobiose dehydrogenase genes being present in C. rosea is what this study aimed to find out. To do so, the different cellobiose dehydrogenase proteins 001, 002, 003 and 004 were successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris. The 003 protein had significantly higher expression levels and were further purified with size exclusion chromatography where some of the resulting purified protein was used to set up a crystallization screen. Unfortunately, no crystals have been formed so far. The enzymatic activity against lactose, cellobiose and laminaribiose of all produced cellobiose dehydrogenase proteins were also analyzed using a 2,6-dichloroindophenol activity assay. The proteins 001 and 002 showed a low activity against lactose and cellobiose whereas the other protein showed no activity for the tested conditions. That these proteins have developed variations in their activities may be one reason for why they are all still existing.
6

Evaluation of the Fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Clonostachys rosea as Bio-control Agents against the Honey Bee Parasitic Mite, Varroa destructor

Sinia, Alice 08 1900 (has links)
Laboratory bioassay was used to determine the pathogenicity of nine isolates of fungi of the genera Metarhizium, Beauveria and Clonostachys to the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor. All nine isolates were pathogenic to V. destructor with Metarhizuim anisopliae UAMH 9198, Clonostachys rosea UAMH 9161 and Beauveria bassiana GHA being the most pathogenic within their respective species. Metarhizium anisopliae UAMH 9198 was more lethal to V. destructor than B. bassiana GHA and C. rosea UAMH 9161 with LC50 values of 1.6 x 10(5), 9.6 x 10(6) and 5.4 x 10(6) conidia/mL, respectively. Metarhizium anisopliae and B. bassiana significantly affected brood and adult honey bee survivorship and their immune responses. They were lethal to the bees with LC50s of 3.70 x 10(6) and 2.62 x 10()5 conidia/mL, respectively. The effect of temperature and thymol on conidia germination, production and colony growth of the fungal isolates was determined. Temperature significantly affected conidia germination, production and colony growth (P < 0.05) but thymol did not. Efficacy of the two most promising isolates (M. anisopliae UAMH 9198 and B. bassiana GHA) as potential bio-control agents against V. destructor in hives was evaluated. Fungal inocula were applied as dry formulation, with corn flour as carrier, using dispenser tray and dusting applications. Treatments were either applied alone or in combination with thymol to determine any synergistic effects. All treatments significantly increased mite mortality (P < 0.05), however, the mite control efficacy varied between fungal treatments and application methods. Combined treatments of fungi and thymol caused significantly higher mite mortality than single fungal treatments, which showed control levels of ≤61%. Significant differences in mite mortality were found between the two delivery methods with the differences depending on the fungal isolate. The results suggest that M. anisopliae UAMH 9198 would be a more effective bio-control agent for the management of V. destructor in honey bee colonies than the other isolates tested when dispensed continuously in hives using delivery methods such as a dispenser tray. However, future research is needed to improve delivery methods and investigate the effect of carriers used in the formulation on the efficacy of such entomopathogenic fungi. / Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food (OMAF), University of Guelph
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Stanovení suprese vybraných původců onemocnění rostlin pomocí mykoparazitických hub. / Determination of the suppression of selected plant diseases by mycoparasitic fungi.

ŠMÍD, Jindřich January 2011 (has links)
No description available.
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Biological Detoxification of Enniatins

Suchfort, Rosine Ghislaine 07 November 2016 (has links)
No description available.
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Indukce supresivity půdy pomocí introdukce mykoparazitických hub proti významným původcům onemocnění rostlin / Induction of suppressive soil by introduction of mycoparasitic fungi against important plant pathogens

STREJČKOVÁ, Monika January 2013 (has links)
This M. Sc. thesis is based on using of mycoparasitic fungi Trichoderma virens, Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata in biological control against phytopathogenic fungi Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium solani. The efficacy of mycoparasitic fungi against pathogens was evaluated in dual cultural tests. The strains of T. virens and C. rosea f. catenulata isolated from soils in the Czech Republic were tested in the experiment. Reference strain was GL 21 fungus T. virens reisolated from commercially available bio-preparation SoilGard and strain C. rosea f. catenulata reisolated from Prestop Mix. All the strains were tested for biological and production properties. All strains are able to colonize the substrate and to suppress the growth and development of pathogens. Strain GL 21 of T. virens was used for seed coating of variety Scirocco in combination with products Guar gum and Carboxymethyl cellulose, which served as a carrier for stick on conidia. After 3 days, the effect of fungus T. virens was evaluated on energy of germination, development of roots of grain. The grain health was determined after 7 days. The fungus T. virens has a positive effect on the grains germination and grain health. During the vegetation the influence of seed coating by T. virens was observed on growth and development of spring wheat. The parameters such as number of plants per m2, tiller numbers, plants health, stand height, number of grains in the spike and thousand grain weight (TGW) were evaluated. During the vegetation the fungus T. virens has positive effect on the plant height.

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