University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of English

Observations of adolescent's language in upper secondary school in Sweden. Do teenagers stule-shift when speaking in different communicative settings; that is the core of this essay. Five informants have been observed in three different speaking sessions, and their language is analyzed, discussed and compared to secondary sources.

In a study involving two languages: French and Arabic, this thesis examines the patterns and meanings of Arabic religious expressions as a code alternation practice in Algerian television interviews. It is concerned with investigating what participants may accomplish by selecting Arabic over French in some points of interaction to deploy religious expressions in their utterances. It also aims at exploring what the function is that these expressions may achieve for the organization of talk-in-interaction. Based on their manifestation in the participants’ utterances, the current study identifies four categories of the use of religious expressions in Algerian media talk where they appear as: transition words to switch to Arabic to keep going on in interaction; in adjacency pairs as a result of a reciprocal invocation between participants; devices to hold the floor and continue turns in interaction; and finally, signals for closing turns and shifting topics where a speakership change or a move to a new topic is possible.

The aim of this essay was to analyze bilingual children in conversation. The essay examinesunder what syntactic circumstances bilingual Spanish / Swedish speaking children codeswitch.The data for this essay is based on recordings of two of the author’s familymembers. The focus is on how bilingual children code-switch, if it is more likely forbilingual children to code-switch when the syntax of two languages are in alignment and ifthere is a dominant language. The collections of recordings are based on real conversationsbetween two bilingual children. The two participants in the study are Spanish and Swedishspeakers; they were born and raised in Sweden with Hispanic parents. The children havebeen exposed to both Spanish and Swedish at home. To be able to obtain the data the authoronly took the most important parts from the transcripts; both audio and video recordingswere made to capture spontaneous conversations between the two brothers. The results showthat the two participants code-switch most frequently at points when the syntax of the twolanguages is in alignment.

The aim of this essay is to examine why Swedish-English code-switching occurs, focusing on one person. The idiolect examined is Simon Davies, hosting the TV-show Design: Simon & Tomas where Simon Davies and his colleague Tomas Cederlund travel around Sweden helping Swedes with interior design. Season three of the show was transcribed into written data and theories were later used when analyzing the data transcribed from the TV-show. The data was analyzed from a qualitative and a quantitative aspect as well as mixed and unmixed utterances. This was done in order to see if there is a pattern in the way Davies switches as well as further understand what kind of items are switched. As this is done, the essay analyses the possible reasons for why Davies switches using the theories displayed earlier. The results show that Davies’ idiolect does not fully follow any specific pattern, however most of the words switched are nouns and the least common word class is prepositions. However, theories applied show that Davies’ switching could be a way for him to create an identity and connect with Swedes. The use of Swedish could help him seem friendlier and less like a stranger.

The present study aims to redeem social indexical meanings of language choice and language alternation in the light of indexical order, a notion proposed by Silverstein (2003). Many researchers have agreed that language varieties are indexical of certain macro-social relations and that code-switching even within a speech event can also be socially meaningful. Nonetheless, some issues such as how the indexical associations have been formed and how the associations are dynamically transformed into indexical effects have been less extensively discussed. Based on the framework of indexical order, together with some code-switching approaches and concepts, this thesis examines two opening speeches made for two international sports events held in Taiwan. The two speeches were delivered by the mayors of the host cities. Each speech involved more than one language, including cases of both code-switching and crossing (Rampton, 1998). The notion of indexical order has helped unveil the dialectical nature of how the indexical meanings are produced in code-switching or language-choice practices. Besides, the analyses of this study will demonstrate how the framework of indexical order may enrich the code-switching approaches and general code-switching studies.

This study aims to analyze the discourse functions of code-switching used by the students and the teachers in EFL classrooms in a Turkish university. Another aim of this study is to find out the forms of code-switching used by the teachers and students and compare the amount and functions of these code-switching usages in different levels. In the light of these aims, two advanced classes, two pre-intermediate classes and one intermediate class were observed and video recorded. The data obtained from these recordings were transcribed using the transcription software EXMARaLDA and the following results have been obtained: 1) teachers and students use code-switching in the classes for educational and social reasons / 2) the most frequent form of code-switching was observed to be using discourse markers / and 3) there was not a significant difference in advanced and pre-intermediate levels in terms of the amounts and functions of code-switching.

<p>The aim of this essay is to examine why Swedish-English code-switching occurs, focusing on one person. The <em>idiolect</em> examined is Simon Davies, hosting the TV-show <em>Design: Simon & Tomas</em> where Simon Davies and his colleague Tomas Cederlund travel around Sweden helping Swedes with interior design. Season three of the show was transcribed into written data and theories were later used when analyzing the data transcribed from the TV-show. The data was analyzed from a <em>qualitative</em> and a <em>quantitative</em> aspect as well as <em>mixed</em> and <em>unmixed</em> utterances. This was done in order to see if there is a pattern in the way Davies switches as well as further understand what kind of items are switched. As this is done, the essay analyses the possible reasons for why Davies switches using the theories displayed earlier. The results show that Davies’ idiolect does not fully follow any specific pattern, however most of the words switched are nouns and the least common word class is prepositions. However, theories applied show that Davies’ switching could be a way for him to create an identity and connect with Swedes. The use of Swedish could help him seem friendlier and less like a stranger.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 186-203).