Some learners in South Africa perform poorly in school, especially in Mathematics. In 2010 the Department of Basic Education announced their concern regarding the pass rate. The National Education Department circulated a report in 2008 on some Grade 3 and Grade 6 learners who took part in a research project and only achieved level one and two in literacy (vocabulary), as well as numeracy (Mathematics). Several factors contribute to this shocking situation, such as the absence of the use of meta-cognitive strategies, number strategies, as well as language strategies. The prime goal of this study was to investigate the use of meta-cognitive strategies and Mathematical vocabulary during problem solving by Grade 7 learners. Three primary schools were invited to participate in the qualitative investigation. From these schools three top achievers (one per school) and three under-achievers (one per school) were invited to participate in the quantitative investigation. The study includes the results of the quantitative aspects of the investigation. Learners had to answer questions about predictions, achievements, control, as well as evaluation during the quantitative investigation. During this process, most of the learners predicted that they would do well and evaluated that they did well, but their marks for the questions about their achievements and control were in fact different. It is important to inform Mathematics teachers and learners about meta-cognitive strategies and Mathematical vocabulary, and the influence it can have on the learners’ achievements, as well as the positive effect during the learning of Mathematics. / MEd (Mathematics Education), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Due to a lack of effective writing strategies and inhibition of English language proficiency, university students in China are found to produce little and shallow content in their English academic writing. Similar problems are also embodied in the academic writing of Chinese overseas students who struggle to survive in the target academic community. The purpose of this study was to investigate the writing processes of second language (L2) writers, specifically examining the writing strategies of three Chinese post-graduate students in an Australian higher education institution. The study was prompted by the paucity of research in the writing strategies used by Chinese students in English academic writing in an authentic context. Although it was too small in scale to generalise in the field of L2 writing, the study will stimulate research in L2 writing theory and practice. Based on a review of theories related to L2 writing and research in Chinese and English writing strategies, the writing strategies used by three Chinese post-graduate students while writing academic papers in English were investigated. Their understandings of English and Chinese writing processes, the issue of transfer of Chinese writing into English writing and cultural influence of native language on L2 writing were explored as well. Qualitative hermeneutic multi-case study methods were employed to provide a richer description of the writing strategies used by the three students to develop a deeper understanding of the L2 writing process. Data were provided by three Chinese post-graduate student writers in Public Health who were observed undertaking different tasks. Ally, a Masters student, was observed completing one of the assignments for a course. Susan and Roger, both doctoral students, were observed working on a second stage proposal and a journal paper respectively. Data collected from semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, retrospective post-writing discussions and papers were categorised and analysed using topical structure analysis and cohesion analysis. The findings suggest that writing in a second language is a complicated idiosyncratic developmental process influenced by cognitive development, social/educational experience, the writer's first language (L1) and second language (L2) proficiency and cultural factors as well. These proficient writers were found to utilise a broad range of writing strategies while writing academic papers in English. This study in some degree supports Silva's (1993) finding that the L2 writing process is strategically, rhetorically, and linguistically different from the L1 writing process. Most of the metacognitve, cognitive, communicative and social/affective strategies except rhetorical strategies (operationally defined in this study as organisation of text or paragraphs) were found to transfer across languages positively. These student writers were noticed to have difficulties in acculturating into the target academic discourse community because of their background of reader-responsibility which is regarded as a crucial feature in Eastern rhetoric and is distinguished from writer-responsibility in English rhetoric (Hinds, 1987, 1990).

Orientador: Evely Boruchovitch / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T21:29:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sacco_SusyGeneroso_M.pdf: 926594 bytes, checksum: 862e70096bfbfb7255287c79b9a23d4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Pesquisas sobre a prática da lição de casa revelam que essa atividade pode ser favorável para estimular hábitos e uso de estratégias benéficos aos estudos extraescolares, assim como auxiliar na melhora do desempenho escolar do aluno. O presente estudo buscou conhecer a opinião dos estudantes a respeito da importância da atividade de lição de casa, investigar o relato de hábitos e uso de estratégias de aprendizagem na realização da atividade em questão por alunos do ensino fundamental, e verificar também se há relações entre o relato de hábitos e o uso de estratégias com o desempenho escolar dos discentes, o gênero e o ano escolar. Fizeram parte da pesquisa 280 estudantes dos seguintes anos: 3º, 5º, 7º e 9º do ensino fundamental, de duas escolas públicas do município de Piracicaba - SP. Os dados foram coletados por meio de uma questão aberta, na qual os alunos responderam sobre a importância da lição de casa e da aplicação da Escala de Avaliação de Hábitos e Estratégias Relativos à Realização da Lição de Casa. Para averiguar o rendimento escolar dos participantes, foram consultados o boletim de notas dos estudantes referente ao ano da coleta. Foi feita uma análise categorial para as respostas à questão aberta e sua descrição em percentagem. Os dados provenientes da escala foram estudados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial. Os resultados revelaram que a maioria dos alunos acreditam na importância da lição de casa. Encontrou-se correlação positiva entre o relato de hábitos e o uso de estratégias para a aprendizagem na realização da lição de casa e o desempenho escolar. No entanto, hábitos e estratégias favorecedores da aprendizagem não aumentaram necessariamente com o avançar dos anos escolares. As meninas revelaram utilizar com mais frequência do que os meninos hábitos e estratégias que favorecem a aprendizagem, durante a realização da lição de casa. Além disso, o sexo masculino relatou, com maior frequência, ter hábitos e fazer uso de estratégias que não são benéficas à aprendizagem. Os dados apontam a importância de se prescrever a atividade de lição de casa como uma ferramenta que pode contribuir para melhora do desempenho escolar dos alunos. / Abstract: Research on the practice of homework discloses that this activity may be favorable to stimulate habits and use of strategies beneficial to extra school studies, as well as, assist in improving the academic performance of student. The present study it searched to know the opinion of the students, regarding the importance of homework activity, investigate reports of habits and use of learning strategies, in the accomplishment the activity in question, for elementary students, and, also check for relationships between reporting habits and use of strategies with the academic performance of students, gender and school year. The participants of the search were 280 students be approximately 70 of each of the following year: 3º, 5º, 7º e 9º elementary school, from two public schools in the city of Piracicaba -SP. The data were collected through an open question, in which students had answered on the importance of homework, and the application of the Rating Scale Habits and Strategies Relating to the Achievement of Homework. To assess the participants' school performance, were consulted bulletin student grades and test results of Saresp, both, referring to the year of collection. A categorial analysis for the answers to the open question and its description in percentage was made. The data proceeding from the scale had been studied by means of descriptive and inferencial statistics. The results had disclosed that majority of the students believe in the importance of homework. A positive correlation was found between reporting habits and use of strategies for learning in the realization of homework and school performance. However, habits and strategies that favor the learning had not increased necessarily with advancing of the school years. The girls had disclosed to use with more frequency than the boys, habits and strategies that favor the learning, during the accomplishment of the homework. In addition, males reported more frequently have habits and use of strategies that are not beneficial to the learning. The data show the importance of prescribing activity homework as a tool that can contribute to improved performance of students. / Mestrado / Psicologia Educacional / Mestre em Educação

The main research question was What are the relationships between parenting style, self-regulated learning (SRL) and the academic achievement of selected (upper) primary school students in Ethiopia? The following specific research questions were formulated: • What are the views of the students on the parenting styles, and on parental acceptance and control, the cognitive strategies they use, and their self-regulated learning? • What is the relationship between parenting style and SRL? • What is the relationship between parenting style and academic achievement? • What is the relationship between SRL and academic achievement? • Does SRL moderate the relationship between parenting style and academic achievement? In this study a correlational design was used, but it was also exploratory and descriptive. Data were collected by means of a self-report questionnaire, while the academic achievements of the students were derived from official records. The questionnaire was completed by 477 randomly selected students from two classes in each of five schools in Hawasa, Ethiopia. The analysis of the data was done by means of descriptive, correlation, and ANOVA tests. The major findings included the following: Most of the children experienced acceptance by their parents, in particular from their female parents/guardians. The best levels of acceptance were, for example, “When I get a poor grade at school, my parents encourage me to try harder”, or “I can count on my parents to help me if I have some kind of a problem”, and “My parents keep pushing me to do my best in whatever I do”. However, it was found that the parents seldom spent time merely talking to their children. The female parents/guardians seemed to control their children more than the male parents/guardians, and were more involved with their children. The children, though, also believed that their parents/guardians did not really know how they spent their leisure time. More often the children perceived their parents as being neglectful. Regarding their cognitive strategies, the students particularly made use of memorization. The cognitive strategies of the children whose parents were authoritative were significantly better than those of the other children. When a student’s self-regulation increased, his/her cognitive strategies also increased, and when the cognitive strategies improved, so did the average achievement. The parents’ parenting styles were also significantly related to their children’s achievement, and were moderated by cognitive strategies as co-variants. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

L’intégration identitaire, la perception de compatibilité, de complémentarité et de cohérence entre les différentes identités d’un individu, est associée à un plus grand ajustement psychologique. Selon le modèle cognitif développemental de l’intégration des identités sociales (MCDIIS), la création de liens cognitifs entre les identités et le regroupement de celles-ci dans des identités supraordinales seraient les principaux mécanismes derrière l’intégration. Le présent programme de recherche propose de définir et d’investiguer empiriquement les processus cognitifs derrière l’intégration identitaire. Suivant les modèles connexionnistes et bayésiens de la cognition, il est proposé que l’apprentissage d’associations et de catégories explique les processus d’intégration identitaire. En effet, selon les modèles connexionnistes, la perception de similarités entre les identités et l’exposition simultanée à celles-ci favorise la création de liens cognitifs. De plus, les modèles bayésiens de la catégorisation suggèrent que les représentations des identités supraordinales se complexifient avec le temps et l'expérience, passant d'une représentation prototypique à une représentation par exemplaires. Les représentations par exemplaires étant plus flexibles, celles-ci devraient être associées à plus d'intégration. Trois articles destinés à tester ces hypothèses sont présentés. Le premier article vise à déterminer si des liens cognitifs sont établis entre les identités intégrées. Le second article vise à déterminer la plausibilité des mécanismes cognitifs de façon corrélationnelle. Le troisième et dernier article étudie le rôle des représentations de l'identité de l'exogroupe et des identités supraordinales dans l'intégration. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats des études présentées dans les articles suggèrent que les mécanismes proposés par le MCDIIS sont plausibles. / Identity integration, the perception of compatibility, complementarity and coherence between an individual's different identities, is associated with greater psychological adjustment. According to the Cognitive Developmental Model of Social Identity Integration (CDMSII), the creation of cognitive links between identities and the grouping of identities into supraordinal identities are the main mechanisms behind integration. The present research programme proposes to define and empirically investigate the cognitive processes behind identity integration. Following connectionist and Bayesian models of cognition, it is proposed that association and category learning explain identity integration processes. Indeed, according to connectionist models, the perception of similarities between identities and the simultaneous exposure to them promotes the creation of cognitive links. Moreover, Bayesian models of categorization suggest that the representation of supraordinal identities become more complex with time and experience, going from a prototypîcal representation to a representation by exemplars. As representations by exemplars are more flexible, they should be associated with more integration. Three papers designed to test these hypotheses are presented. The first paper investigates whether cognitive links are established between integrated identities. The second paper investigates the plausibility of cognitive mechanisms in a correlational manner. The third and final paper examines the role of representations of exogroup identity and supraordinal identities in integration. Overall, the results of the studies presented in the papers suggest that the mechanisms proposed by the CDMSII are plausible.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Etant donné que dans les environnements universitaires d’enseignement et d’apprentissage à distance, le tuteur, dans son activité de perception, a des difficultés à détecter les stratégies cognitives à l’origine d’un blocage, ce qui nécessite une instrumentation spécifique pour visualiser l’activité cognitive de l’apprenant dans son parcours d’apprentissage médiatisé, notre problématique de recherche a pour finalité d’instrumenter le tuteur distant pour que cet acteur, d’une formation hybride sur la plateforme UMTICE, puisse identifier les stratégies cognitives en compréhension écrite de l’apprenant singulier de FLE. Cette problématique de recherche donne lieu à deux hypothèses de recherche visant pour la première la conception d'une typologie théorique des habiletés cognitives afin de nommer les stratégies cognitives que pourrait utiliser cet apprenant lors de la réalisation de tâches de compréhension écrite et pour la seconde à nuancer l'emploi de notre instrument par le tuteur distant dans sa fonction d'identification perceptivo-cognitive lors de l'expérimentation qui s'est déroulée dans un cours particulier du CIEF de l'Université Lumière Lyon 2. / A Given that in his perception activities in university Online teaching and learning environments, the tutor has difficulty in detecting cognitive strategies that cause a blockage and which requires specific instrumentation for visualize the cognitive activity of the learner in his mediated learning path, our research objective is to instrument an On-line tutor for this actor with hybrid training on the UMTICE platform that can identify the cognitive strategies in the individual French as Foreign Language learner’s written comprehension. This research problem gives rise to two research hypotheses, first for the design of a theoretical typology of cognitive abilities in order to name the cognitive strategies that this learner could use when performing written comprehension tasks, and second to qualify the use of our tool by the On-line tutor in his perceptual cognitive identification function during the experiment that took place in a particular course at the CIEF of University Lumière Lyon 2.

El presente estudio relaciona las estrategias cognitivas de regulación emocional, estilos de vida y satisfacción con la vida en una muestra de 191 estudiantes universitarios de Lima, de sexo femenino y masculino, entre 18 y 26 años de edad. Se utilizaron la Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionarie (CERQ-18), el Cuestionario de Estilos de Vida en Jóvenes universitarios (CEVJU-R) y la Escala de Satisfacción con la vida (SWLS). Lo resultados reportaron que existe una correlación significativa entre la Satisfacción con la vida con el uso de las estrategias cognitivas de regulación emocional de Culpar a otros (r=-.120), Catastrofización (r=-.247), Focalización Positiva (r=.242), Reinterpretación Positiva (r=.417) y Refocalización en los planes (r=.333). Asimismo, existe una correlación significativa con los estilos de vida de alimentación (r=-.247), Sueño (r=-.128), Relaciones interpersonales (r=-.258), Afrontamiento (r=-.256), y Estado emocional (r=-.418). Por otra parte, las Estrategias Cognitivas de Regulación Emocional correlacionaron significativamente con los Estilos de Vida. Al comparar la SWLS, las ECRE y el CEVJU-R según género, se reportó que hay una diferencia significativa (p < .05) en la Actividad Física y Consumo de Alcohol, Cigarrillo y Drogas entre hombres y mujeres. Además, existe una diferencia significativa en la dimensión de Catastrofización (p < .05) entre hombres y mujeres. / The present study relates the cognitive strategies of emotional regulation, lifestyles and satisfaction with life in a sample of 191 university students from Lima, female and male, between 18 and 26 years of age. The Emotional Cognitive Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-18), the University Youth Lifestyle Questionnaire (CEVJU-R) and the Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS) were used. The results reported that there is a significant correlation between Satisfaction With Life with the use of cognitive strategies of other emotional regulation of Blaming (r = -. 120), Catastrophizing (r = -. 247), Positive Focusing (r = .242), Positive Reinterpretation (r = .417) and Refocusing on the planes (r = .333). And a significant correlation with Eating Lifestyles (r = -. 247), Sleep (r = -. 128), Interpersonal relationships (r = -. 258), Coping (r = -. 256), and Emotional State (r = -. 418). On the other hand, Cognitive Emotional Regulation Strategies have a significant correlation with Lifestyles. When comparing SWLS, ECRE and CEVJU-R according to gender, it was reported that there is a significant difference (p <.05) between Physical Activity and Consumption of Alcohol, Cigarettes and Drugs between men and women. And a significant difference in the Catastrophization dimension (p <.05) between men and women. / Tesis

Certaines difficultés entourant la planification, l’organisation des informations ainsi que la gestion des ressources humaines ou matérielles seraient fréquemment observées chez les élèves qui ont de faibles résultats scolaires (Anderson et al., 2008). Toutefois, l’enseignement et la mise en pratique de stratégies cognitives et de stratégies d’autorégulation permettraient aux élèves de développer des habiletés leur permettant de mieux réussir à l’école (Anderson et al., 2008; Malmberg et al., 2013). Dans les écoles alternatives québécoises, la pédagogie par projet est vécue par tous les élèves (RÉPAQ, 2019). Le projet est une occasion privilégiée pour l’enseignant de mettre en place des moyens personnalisés pour que les élèves développent des stratégies afin de surmonter leurs difficultés. Sachant que certains élèves peuvent avoir de la difficulté à déployer des stratégies qui leur permettent d’autoréguler leur apprentissage, (Butler et Cartier, 2018; Cartier et Butler, 2016) la question qui guide la présente recherche est la suivante : Comment un élève ayant des difficultés entourant l’organisation et la gestion des ressources autorégule-t-il son apprentissage dans un projet tel que mis de l’avant dans une école publique alternative au Québec ? Pour notre étude de cas de type qualitatif, nous avons suivi une élève de neuf ans pendant qu’elle travaillait à un projet d’écriture dans une école alternative au Québec. Nous avons réalisé trois entretiens avec cette élève et avons aussi rencontré son enseignante et l’orthopédagogue qui mettent en place des moyens d’intervention et d’enseignement de l’écriture qui permettent à leur élève de progresser dans son projet. Afin de compléter notre analyse, nous avons consulté les documents de travail de l’élève et nous avons aussi analysé l’autoévaluation de son projet. Les résultats qui découlent de cette étude nous permettent de décrire comment l’élève arrive à atteindre ses objectifs pour son projet d’écriture en recevant du support et en utilisant des moyens mis en place pour elle en plus des outils qui sont à sa disposition. Nous expliquons comment l’élève qui a des difficultés à autoréguler des tâches et des ressources travaille pour surmonter les défis qu’elle rencontre pendant son projet d’écriture afin de satisfaire aux attentes de son enseignante qui souhaite la faire progresser dans sa compétence à écrire. / Difficulties in planning, organizing information, and managing human and material resources are frequently observed in students with low academic achievement (Anderson, Munk, Young, Conley, & Caldarella, 2008). Teaching and practicing cognitive and self-regulation strategies would enable students to develop skills that would allow them to do better in school (Anderson et al., 2008; Malmberg, Järvenoja, & Järvelä, 2013a). In Quebec alternative schools, project-based pedagogy is experienced by all students (RÉPAQ, 2019). The project is a privileged opportunity for the teacher to implement personalized means for students to develop strategies to overcome their difficulties. Knowing that some students may have difficulty deploying strategies that allow them to self-regulate their learning, (Butler & Cartier, 2018; Cartier & Butler, 2016) the question that guides this research is: How does a student with difficulties surrounding the organization and management of resources self-regulate his or her learning in a project as implemented in an alternative public school in Quebec? For our qualitative case study, we followed a nine-year-old student as she worked on a writing project in an alternative school in Quebec. We conducted three interviews with this student and also met with her teacher and the specialized teacher who are implementing writing interventions and instruction that enable their student to progress on her project. In order to complete our analysis, we also consulted the student's work documents and analyzed the self-evaluation of his project. The results of this study allow us to describe how the student achieves her goals for her writing project by receiving support and using the resources set up for her. We explain how the student who has difficulty self-regulating tasks and resources works to overcome the challenges she encounters during her writing project in order to meet the expectations of her teacher who wants to improve her writing skills.