Research has demonstrated that >5 servings of fruits and vegetables (F&V) per day improve health. Eighty-three percent of 18-24 year olds, including college students, do not meet recommendations. For the study, freshmen at MSU were recruited. Included freshmen (n=132), 6 percent, received a sociodemographic and intake survey. Eighty subjects, 61 percent, completed the survey. Of these subjects (n=33), 41 percent, participated in focus groups. X2 analyses assessed intake and sociodemographics. Paired t-test compared BMI and intake. Focus group analyses determined additional influences. Results indicated nine percent of subjects consumed >5 servings, and 23 percent of subjects consumed >3 servings. >3 servings was insignificant to sociodemographics. Significance occurred between income and french fry and salad, parental environment and french fry, and gender and white potatoes. Focus groups revealed additional factors influenced intake. In conclusion, F&V consumption was inadequate, placing students at health risks. Dietary interventions should address barriers other than sociodemographics.

Bakgrund: Total höftplastik är en operation där en protes ersätter höftleden. Ingreppet genomförs alltmer i dagkirurgi. Rehabiliteringen sker i hemmet med uppföljningsbesök av fysioterapeut. Följsamhet till rehabilitering är viktigt för att återfå funktion. Insikt i patienters upplevelser av rehabilitering kan ge ny värdefull kunskap för fysioterapi med beteendemedicinsk inriktning. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att studera hur patienter som genomgått total höftplastik i dagkirurgi upplever följsamhet till postoperativ rehabilitering. Metod: Deskriptiv kvalitativ design med induktiv ansats. Sex patienter som genomgått total höftplastik i dagkirurgi inkluderades och deltog i individuella semistrukturerade intervjuer. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys tillämpades för att analysera data från intervjuerna. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i 15 underkategorier med följande fem huvudkategorier: Vikten av en bra start, Betydelsen av socialt stöd och vägledning, Funktion och resultat styr utförande, Betydelsen av personliga egenskaper och mentalitet, Träningsprogram underlättar hemträningen. Slutsats: Upplevelsen av följsamheten till rehabilitering efter total höftplastik i dagkirurgi utgörs av ett flertal individ- och omgivningsfaktorer såsom mentalitet, utfallsförväntningar, socialt stöd och väder. Resultat av denna studie tillför en ökad förståelse till bio-psyko-sociala upplevelser av följsamhet till rehabiliteringen efter dagkirurgisk total höftplastik i svensk kontext. / Background: Total hip arthroplasty is a surgery where the hip joint is replaced by a prosthesis. Nowadays the surgery is often carried out in day-surgery. The rehabilitation occurs at home with physiotherapeutic follow-up visits. Compliance to rehabilitation is important to regain function. Insight into patients’ experiences of rehabilitation can provide valuable new knowledge for physiotherapy with a behavioral medicine focus. Aim: To study how patients experience their compliance to rehabilitation after total hip arthroplasty in day-surgery. Method: Descriptive qualitative design with an inductive approach. Six patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty in day-surgery were included and participated in individual semi-structured interviews. A qualitative content analysis was applied to analyze data from the interviews. Results: The analysis resulted in 15 subcategories with the following five main categories: The importance of a good start, The significance of social support, Function and results control the performance, The meaning of personal characteristics and mentality, Exercise program facilitates the home rehabilitation. Conclusion: The experience of compliance to rehabilitation after total hip arthroplasty in day-surgery consists of several individual- and environmental factors such as mentality, outcome expectations, social support and weather. The result of this study expands the understanding of bio-psycho-social experiences of compliance to rehabilitation after total hip arthroplasty in day-surgery in a Swedish context.

Ownership of mobile devices, such as tablets and smartphones, has quickly risen in the last decade. Unsurprisingly, they are now being integrated into the training and classroom setting. Specifically, the U.S. Army has mapped out a plan in the Army Learning Model of 2015 to utilize mobile devices for training purposes. However, before these tools can be used effectively, it is important to identify how the tablets' unique properties can be leveraged. For this dissertation, the touch interface and the interactivity that tablets afford were investigated using a procedural-motor task. The procedural motor task was the disassembly procedures of a M4 carbine. This research was motivated by cognitive psychology theories, including Cognitive Load Theory and Embodied Cognition. In two experiments, novices learned rifle disassembly procedures in a narrated multimedia presentation presented on a tablet and then were tested on what they learned during the multimedia training involving a virtual rifle by performing a rifle disassembly on a physical rifle, reassembling the rifle, and taking a written recall test about the disassembly procedures. Spatial ability was also considered as a subject variable. Experiment 1 examined two research questions. The primary research question was whether including multiple forms of interactivity in a multimedia presentation resulted in higher learning outcomes. The secondary research question in Experiment 1 was whether dynamic multimedia fostered better learning outcomes than equivalent static multimedia. To examine the effects of dynamism and interactivity on learning, four multimedia conditions of varying levels of interactivity and dynamism were used. One condition was a 2D phase diagram depicting the before and after of the step with no animation or interactivity. Another condition utilized a non-interactive animation in which participants passively watched an animated presentation of the disassembly procedures. A third condition was the interactive animation in which participants could control the pace of the presentation by tapping a button. The last condition was a rifle disassembly simulation in which participants interacted with a virtual rifle to learn the disassembly procedures. A comparison of the conditions by spatial ability yielded the following results. Interactivity, overall, improved outcomes on the performance measures. However, high spatials outperformed low spatials in the simulation condition and the 2D phase diagram condition. High spatials seemed to be able to compensate for low interactivity and dynamism in the 2D phase diagram condition while enhancing their performance in the rifle disassembly simulation condition. In Experiment 2, the touchscreen interface was examined by investigating how gestures and input modality affected learning the disassembly procedures. Experiment 2 had two primary research questions. The first was whether gestures facilitate learning a procedural-motor task through embodied learning. The second was whether direct touch input using resulted in higher learning outcomes than indirect mouse input. To examine the research questions, three different variations of the rifle disassembly simulation were used. One was identical to that of Experiment 1. Another incorporated gestures to initiate the animation whereby participants traced a gesture arrow representing the motion of the component to learn the procedures. The third condition utilized the same interface as the initial rifle disassembly simulation but included "dummy" gesture arrows that displayed only visual information but did not respond to gesture. This condition was included to see the effects (if any) of the gesture arrows in isolation of the gesture component. Furthermore, direct touch input was compared to indirect mouse input. Once again, spatial ability also was considered. Results from Experiment 2 were inconclusive as no significant effects were found. This may have been due to a ceiling effect of performance. However, spatial ability was a significant predictor of performance across all conditions. Overall, the results of the two experiments support the use of multimedia on a tablet to train a procedural-motor task. In line with vision of ALM 2015, the research support incorporating tablets into U.S. Army training curriculum.

Professional School Counselors (PSCs) are to serve as advocates for all students and promote systemic change (American School Counselor Association, 2008) while navigating complex work environments. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of PSCs‟ social-cognitive development to their levels of ethical and legal knowledge and locus of control orientation. The three constructs and instruments investigated in this study were: (a) social-cognitive development (ego development; the Washington University Sentence Completion Test [WUSCT]; Hy & Loevinger 1996), (b) Ethical and Legal Knowledge (the Ethical and Legal Knowledge in Counseling Questionnaire-Revised [ELICQ-R]; Lambie, Ieva, Gill, & Hagedorn, 2010), and (c) Locus of Control (the Adult Nowicki-Strickland Internal External Scale- College [ANSIE-C]; Nowicki & Duke, 1974; the Work Locus of Control Scale [WLCS]; Spector, 1988). The findings from this investigation contribute to the school counseling and counselor education literature. The sample size for this study was 301 certified, practicing school counselors (elementary school, middle school, high school, and multi-level) in five states (Colorado, Florida, Maine, Maryland, and New Mexico) across the country. The participants completed data collection packets including a general demographic questionnaire, the WUSCT (Hy & Loevinger 1996), the ANSIE-C (Nowicki & Duke, 1974), the WLCS (Spector, 1988), and the ELICQ-R (Lambie, et al., 2010). The statistical procedures used to analyze the data included (a) structural equation modeling (path Analysis), (b) simultaneous multiple regression, (c) Pearson productmoment (2-tailed), and (d) Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The primary research hypothesis was that practicing school counselors‟ social-cognitive development scores would contribute to their locus of control orientation and their levels of iv ethical and legal knowledge. The statistical analyses identified several significant findings. First, the path analysis model testing the contribution of school counselors‟ social-cognitive development to locus of control and ethical and legal knowledge did fit for these data. Specifically, the results indicated that school counselors‟ social-cognitive development contributed to their ethical and legal knowledge (less than 1% of the variance explained) and to locus of control (14% of the variance explained) in the model fit for these data. In addition, locus of control contributed to school counselors‟ ethical and legal knowledge (2% of the variance explained). Implications for professional school counseling and counselor education are presented, along with areas for future investigation.

The prevalence of overweight and obese children has increased dramatically in the United States over the past 20 years and is a symptom of multiple systemic and cultural changes that have significantly influenced alterations in energy intake, energy expenditures, and the energy balance of children across the nation. School-based obesity prevention programs addressing nutrition and healthy eating behaviors within the school environment and cultural context provide a unique opportunity to educate and engage students in healthy food consumption practices. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a three-year elementary school nutrition education program for students in grades kindergarten through fifth using a longitudinal analysis of two separate data sets, a nutrition skills behavior assessment survey of self-reported eating behaviors, and body mass index (BMI) scores derived from height and weight measurements of program participants. Nutrition survey results indicated that students reported making healthier food choices from August 2001 to November 2004, with a significant decrease in reported consumption of fats/oils/sweets and significant increases in reported consumption of milk, meat, vegetables, fruit and grains. BMI results indicated a 7.8% decline in the percentage of students in the "overweight" and "at-risk for overweight" categories between August 2001 and October 2004. The combined results of both measures indicate that the nutrition education program appeared to positively affect eating behaviors and body mass index percentages. Implications of the study and strategies for further research are proposed.

In the past 20 years, the way in which food is prepared has rapidly changed. Convenience has become a way of life and Americans have replaced meals made from scratch with meals that are quick and easy. During that time, body mass index has risen steadily. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children has become common in the American population. “Pink Chefs,” a six-week culinary intervention for middle school girls 12 to 14-years-old, was developed and piloted to combat childhood obesity by teaching nutrition through basic cooking skills. The social cognitive theory was used as the theoretical framework. The goals of this program were to increase the subjects’ self-efficacy for cooking; to build knowledge for healthful dietary practices; and to provide a fun and safe environment conducive for interactive learning. This culinary enrichment program was piloted in reduced-income communities in south San Luis Obispo County, California, with 22 self-selected participants. Surveys were used to measure self-efficacy, knowledge, barriers and diet pre- versus post-intervention. Post-intervention measures demonstrated a significant (p = 0.005) intervention effect on self- efficacy for cooking. No significant increases were observed for knowledge, barriers and diet. This research, like that of Larson et al. (2006), illustrated that honing both skills and knowledge learned in a practical setting is one of the first steps for increasing self-efficacy for dietary improvements.

Bakgrund: En förlossning medför fysiska och psykiska förändringar som påverkar nivån av fysisk aktivitet. Det finns många fördelar med fysisk aktivitet och kan med fördel påbörjas kort efter förlossning. Många kvinnor vet inte vart de ska vända sig för vård och söker därför inte vård för sina förlossningsrelaterade besvär. Fysioterapeuten arbetar med individuella biopsykosociala faktorer och tar hänsyn till faktorer som påverkar fysisk aktivitet. Trots detta har fysioterapeuten ingen roll inom eftervården.  Syfte: Var att beskriva nyförlösta förstföderskors upplevelser av råd och stöd för fysisk aktivitet från hälso- och sjukvården efter vaginal förlossning. Metod: Sex nyförlösta förstföderskor rekryterades genom ett bekvämlighetsurval och intervjuades. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes för att analysera materialet.  Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fyra kategorier: För generella och otillräckliga råd för fysisk aktivitet från hälso- och sjukvården, Otillräckligt stöd för fysisk aktivitet från hälso- och sjukvården, Avsaknad av råd och stöd skapar osäkerhet och rädsla samt Individanpassad vård är av betydelse.  Slutsats: Resultatet påvisade att deltagarna upplevde brist av råd och stöd för fysisk aktivitet efter förlossning och de få råd som gavs upplevdes som otillräckliga och saknade individanpassning. Det saknas fysioterapeutiska åtgärder i eftervården som skulle kunna möta dessa behov. / Background: Childbirth entail physical and psychological changes that affect the level of physical activity. There are many benefits to physical activity and can advantageously be started shortly after delivery. Many women don’t know where to go for care and therefore don’t seek medical care for their childbirth-related problems. Physiotherapists work with individual biopsychosocial factors and takes heed of factors that affect physical activity. Despite this, physiotherapists don’t have a role in the postpartum care. Aim: To describe the experiences of newly delivered first-time mothers of advice and support for physical activity from healthcare after vaginal delivery. Method: Six newly delivered first-time mothers were recruited through a convenience sample and interviewed. A qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the material. Results: The analysis resulted in four categories: Too general and insufficient advice for physical activity from healthcare, Insufficient support for physical activity from healthcare, Lack of advice and support creates uncertainty and fear, and Individualized care is important. Conclusion: The results showed that the participants experienced a lack of advice and support for physical activity after childbirth and the few advice that was given was perceived as insufficient and missing individual adaptation. There´s a lack of physiotherapeutic measures in the postpartum care where these needs could be met.

The current study evaluated the initial feasibility, efficacy, and acceptability of a motivationally-tailored family-based intervention designed to promote the adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviors associated with physical activity and nutrition. Parents (N=132) of children 6 to 11 years old were randomly assigned to the intervention or control condition, and they completed a series of online questionnaires. Intervention participants (n=61) received a single motivationally-tailored feedback report via e-mail. Control participants (n=71) completed measures and immediately received information about a free online resource that provides information about healthy lifestyle behaviors (www.mypyramid.gov). Feasibility data indicate that an online feedback program has high dissemination potential (parents from 31 states participated). However, the current methodology is not sufficient in reaching families who are at greatest risk for developing chronic health conditions associated with obesity or low activity level. In general, the intervention was acceptable to parents. Outcome data revealed that the intervention and control groups did not differ significantly on most variables at one month follow-up. Exploratory analyses provided additional evidence for the importance of including parents and targeting parent-child interactions in the context of pediatric nutrition and physical activity interventions. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

No description available.

No description available.