Call number: LD2668 .T4 1986 H43 / Master of Science / Family Economics

As restaurações metalocerâmicas apresentam relatos de sucesso clínico a longo prazo e as características de reforço (cinta lingual e poste proximal) das infra-estruturas metálicas parecem ser de grande importância para este sucesso. Estes reforços freqüentemente estão ausentes nas infraestruturas das restaurações ceramocerâmicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi testar a hipótese nula de que coroas confeccionadas com infra-estruturas cerâmicas com desenho com e sem reforço não resultam em valores de resistência à fratura diferentes de coroas com infra-estruturas metálicas confeccionadas com os mesmos desenhos. Para a realização deste trabalho foram fabricadas 40 coroas, dividas em quatro grupos (n=10): (1) coroas metalocerâmicas - infra-estrutura com reforço; (2) coroas metalocerâmicas - infra-estrutura sem reforço; (3) coroas ceramocerâmicas - infra-estrutura com reforço; e (4) coroas ceramocerâmicas - infra-estrutura sem reforço. Os corpos de prova foram cimentados com ionômero de vidro modificado por resina nos troquéis metálicos e submetidos à análise de resistência à fratura usando uma máquina de teste universal Kratos, a uma velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. Todos os corpos de prova foram mantidos sob pressão até a fratura. Os resultados de resistência à fratura (kgf) foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) a dois critérios e ao teste de Tukey. O nível de significância considerado em todas as análises foi de 5% (p<0,05). Os valores médios de resistência à fratura foram de 237,637 kgf para as coroas metalocerâmicas com infraestruturas com reforço, 171,738 kgf para as coroas metalocerâmicas com infraestruturas com reforço, 127,588 kgf para as coroas ceramocerâmicas com infra-estruturas com reforço e 93,914 kgf para as coroas ceramocerâmicas com infra-estruturas sem reforço, com diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,05), entre os quatro grupos. As coroas metalocerâmicas com reforço (Grupo 1) apresentaram o maior valor de resistência à fratura e estatisticamente significante, entre todos os grupos. As coroas confeccionadas com infra-estruturas com reforço apresentaram maior resistência à fratura do que as confeccionadas sem reforço, tanto nas coroas metalocerâmicas como nas ceramocerâmicas. / Metal-ceramic restorations present reports of long-term clinical success, and the characteristics of reinforcement coping (lingual collar and buttressing shoulder) seem to be of great importance for this success. These reinforcements are often absent in all-ceramic coping restorations. The aim of the current study was to evaluate and compare the in vitro fracture resistance of metal-ceramic and In-Ceram Alumina all-ceramic crowns, with and without reinforced coping design. Forty crowns were fabricated and divided into four groups (n=10): group 1, metal-ceramic crown with reinforced coping design; group 2, metal-ceramic crown without reinforced coping design; group 3, allceramic crown with reinforced coping design and group 4, all-ceramic crown with out reinforced coping design. The forty crowns were cemented on stainless steel dies and axially loaded in a universal testing machine until fracture occurred, and the maximum load (kgf) was recorded. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test (p<0.05) The results showed a statistical significant superiority (p<0.05) of the reinforcement coping groups (237.637 kgf for metalo-ceramic crowns and 127.588 kgf for all-ceramic crowns), regarding to non reinforcement coping groups (171.738 kgf for metalo ceramic crowns and 93.914 kgf for all-ceramic crowns). These founds denote that: (1) crowns made with reinforcement coping had presented greater fracture resistance than those confectioned without it and (2) metal-ceramic crowns had presented greater fracture resistance than all-ceramic crowns.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIR - Ryanna P Veras.pdf: 1061167 bytes, checksum: b20201ba22f6d1d84481f75299b54ad9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-22 / This work analises, in the sociological macro level, which perspective should be applied to study white collar crimes in criminology. The sistematic study of crime has begun in the beginning of the XVIII century with the Classic School, however, it has been in the end of the XIX century that emerged the sociologycal studies of crime, influenced by the works of Durkheim. In the beginning of the XX century, sociology has turned an universitary discipline, in the University of Chicago, where has been developped the first sociologycal theory of crime, the Chicago School. Then, the sociology has been divided in two distinct levels, the micro level sociology, which studies the interaction between society and man, and the macro level, which studies the society's structure. The term white collar crime was criated by the american sociologist Edwin Sutherland, in 1939. For him, white collar crime is that one commited by respectable person from the high social class, in his business. Sutherland noted that the punishment of these crimes was less commom than the punishment of the ordinary crimes. The macro level theories which considered this question were the anomie theory, labeling approach, conflict criminology and critical criminology. The first one has analised the theme in the etiologic perspective and the others has used the perspective of social reaction. The etiologic perspective intends to find an ontologic substract in crime and reveal its causes. The perspective of social reaction considers the crime a criation of the criminal system, by the selection of actions, interpretation and a final definition in a judicial sentence. This work intends to demonstrate that the study of white collar crimes should addopt the social reaction perspective, because, it should answer in first place the question: why the white collar crimes are not absorved by the criminal system? As it's impossible to obtain some reliable sample to develop etiologic studies if the real forces that control the penal system and the society were not revealed / O trabalho analisa, na óptica da macrossociologia, qual o paradigma deve ser utilizado para se estudar os crimes do colarinho branco em criminologia. O estudo sistematizado do delito se iniciou no século XVIII com a Escola Clássica, entretanto, foi no fim do século XIX que surgiram os estudos sociológicos do delito, influenciados pelo trabalho de Durkheim. No início do século XX a sociologia se tornou disciplina universitária, na Universidade de Chicago, dando origem à primeira teoria sociológica do delito, a chamada Escola de Chicago. Então, a sociologia passou a se desenvolver em duas linhas distintas, a microssociologia, que estuda a interação entre a sociedade e o indivíduo e a macrossociologia, que se detém no estudo da sociedade. Crimes do colarinho branco foi um termo criado pelo sociólogo norte-americano Edwin Sutherland, em 1939. Para ele crime do colarinho branco é aquele cometido por pessoa de respeito e elevada classe social, no exercício de sua atividade. Suhterland percebeu que a punição de tais delitos era bem menor do que a punição dos crimes ditos comuns. As teorias macrossociológicas que abordaram os crimes do colarinho branco foram a teoria da anomia, o labeling approach, a criminologia do conflito e a criminologia crítica. A primeira o fez sob o paradigma etiológico e as demais adotaram o paradigma da reação social. O paradigma etiológico busca no delito um conteúdo ontológico e, assim, revelar suas causas. O paradigma da reação social entende que o delito é um fenômeno criado pelo sistema penal, por meio da seleção de condutas, interpretação e definição final em uma sentença. A dissertação pretende demonstrar que o estudo dos delitos do colarinho branco deve adotar o paradigma da reação social, pois deve, necessariamente, responder em primeiro lugar a pergunta: por que os crimes do colarinho branco não são absorvidos pelo sistema penal? Pois, não há como se obter qualquer amostra confiável para realizar estudos etiológicos se não forem desvendadas as verdadeiras forças que regem o sistema penal e informam a própria organização social como um todo

As leishmanioses e particularmente a leishmaniose visceral (LV) são doenças transmitidas por vetores artrópodes candidatas a experimentar uma grande expansão territorial em virtude de problemas relacionados ao aquecimento global. Este evento climático deverá causar grande impacto sobre a distribuição geográfica do artrópode transmissor no Brasil e no mundo. Com efeito, nos últimos 20 anos a situação epidemiológica da LV no Brasil vem se modificando de um padrão esporádico prevalente eminentemente em áreas rurais para uma condição de epidemias peri-urbanas que pode afetar todos os estratos sociais da população, tornando-se uma séria ameaça à saúde pública. As leishmanioses são consideradas até o momento doenças não preveníveis e seu padrão epidemiológico vêm se alterando de forma flagrante, o que demanda urgência para o desenvolvimento de novas ferramentas de controle e tratamento. Dentre as diversas questões levantadas sobre as demandas em pesquisa relacionadas ao controle desta enfermidade, destaca-se a importância de avanços em estudos de epidemiologia quantitativa e modelagem matemática que permitam prever efeitos de vacinações de populações empregando-se imunógenos com eficácia e/ou cobertura vacinal menor que 100%, o que parece ser uma realidade com as vacinas contra leishmanioses desenvolvidas até então pelos laboratórios no mundo todo. O sucesso de estratégias eficazes para o controle da LV depende do conhecimento de diversos parâmetros da dinâmica de infecção nas diferentes populações e espécies que atuam na cadeia epidemiológica da doença. Esse estudo teve objetivo de avaliar a efetividade de vacinas contra leishmaniose em cães bem como da utilização de coleira impregnada com inseticida através de um estudo de coorte realizado em uma região de transmissão moderada de leishmaniose visceral canina. Foram construídas seis coortes compostas por animais não reagentes ao teste rápido TR-DPP&reg; e ao teste EIE-ELISA&reg;. Todos os animais apresentaram estado clínico normal, conforme avaliação semiológica. As coortes compreendem grupos de animais sem qualquer medida de controle (grupo N), grupos de animais com aplicação de coleira (grupo C), grupos de animais vacinados com vacina de subunidade (grupo V1) e grupos de animais vacinados com vacina recombinante (grupo V2) e grupos de animais vacinados e com coleira (grupos V1C e V2C). Foram colhidas amostras de todas as coortes em três tempos com intervalo de seis meses cada, para sorodiagnóstico. A efetividade encontrada ao final de 12 meses de observação para os grupos C, V1, V2, V1C e V2C foram 38,2%, 58,1%, 35%, 68,6% e -36,5% respectivamente com base nos cálculos estatísticos feitos por regressão de Cox para riscos proporcionais. Todas as coortes, mesmo tendo desempenhando alguma efetividade exceto V2C, os resultados dos intervalos de confiança do risco relativo não foram significativos quando comparados ao grupo controle (N). / Leishmaniasis and particularly the LV are diseases transmitted by arthropod vectors candidates to experience a wide territorial expansion because of problems related to global warming. This weather event should cause great impact on the geographical distribution of the arthropod transmitter in Brazil and worldwide. Indeed, the past 20 years the epidemiological situation of LV in Brazil has been changing a prevalent sporadic pattern predominantly in rural areas to a condition of peri-urban epidemics that can affect all social strata of the population, making it a serious threat public health. Leishmaniasis are considered so far not preventable disease and its epidemiological pattern have been changing blatantly, which requires urgency to the development of new tools for control and treatment. Among the many questions raised about the demands on research related to the control of this disease, it highlights the importance of advances in quantitative epidemiological studies and mathematical modeling to anticipate vaccinations effects of employing immunogens effectively and / or lower vaccination coverage to 100%, which appears to be a reality with vaccines against leishmaniasis developed so far by laboratories worldwide. The success of effective strategies to control the LV depends on the knowledge of many aspects of the dynamics of infection in different populations and species that act in the epidemiological chain of the disease. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccines against leishmaniasis in dogs as well as the use of insecticide impregnated collar with through a cohort study in a high transmission of canine visceral leishmaniasis region. It was built six cohorts composed of non-reactive animals to the rapid test DPP&reg; and EIE-ELISA&reg; test. All the animals had normal clinical status, as symptomatic evaluation. The cohorts include groups of animals without any measure of control (group N), group of animals with collar application (group C), groups of vaccinated animals with subunit vaccine (group V1), group of animals vaccinated with recombinant vaccine (group V2) and groups of animals vaccinated and collar application (V1C and V2C). Samples were collected from all cohorts in three times at intervals of six months each for serodiagnosis. The effectiveness found after 12 months of observation for groups C, V1, V2, V1C and V2C were 38.2%, 58.1%, 35%, 68.6% and -36.5% respectively based on the statistical calculations done by Cox proportional hazards regression to. All cohorts, even though playing some effectiveness except V2C, the results of risk relative confidence intervals were not significant when compared to the control group (N).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Melina Marques Mendes Santana.pdf: 953155 bytes, checksum: 9ec7f895d4848d3ba880f4a4eb067e0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-16 / This work aims at assessing the criminal treatment of the insider trading activities on the capital markets. It begins by assessing the most relevant aspects of capital markets and their impact for the economy. Subsequently, it studies the value of the information and the way it should be dealt with by current and potential market participants and any other stakeholder. Following the information collection phase, the differences between white collar crimes and conventional crimes are scrutinized. Then, the work is performed by verifyingand describing how the insider trading has been defined as a crime in the Brazilian legal system and by pointing out the pros and cons of the current legislation. There is also a brief analysis of the international legislation linked to the subject. Ultimately, this work intends to contribute to the elucidation of the insider trading subject and to the unequivocal elimination of that practice / Este trabalho consiste em uma pesquisa acerca do tratamento penal dispensado ao uso indevido de informação privilegiada no mercado de capitais insider trading. Inicia-se com a abordagem dos aspectos mais relevantes do mercado de capitais e de seu impacto na economia. Na sequência, é estudado o valor da informação no mercado de capitais e a forma pela qual deve ser acessada pelos investidores atuais ou potenciais , além dos demais players do mercado. Reunido este arcabouço de informações, passa-se a analisar o tema do Direito Penal Econômico, com as suas especificidades em relação à criminalidade tradicional para, então, verificar a forma pela qual a prática do insider trading foi criminalizada no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, apontando-se os erros e acertos do legislador. Por fim, é feita uma breve análise da legislação estrangeira correlata ao tema. Com isso, pretende-se contribuir para a elucidação do tema e para o repúdio efetivo a tal prática

The thesis deals with the legal institution of the criminal responsibility of legal entities and a feasibility of its implementation in the Czech law. The main objective of the thesis is to find an answer to the question if the implementation of the institution is neccessary in the Czech republic and eventually in which form and parameters. The first part of the paper describes the current state of legal regulation in the Czech republic and contains a comparative analysis of legal regulation in France, Austria, Germany, Slovenia, Slovakia, Great Britain and United States. In the end of the theoretical part the paper discusses relevant liabilities of the Czech republic arising from international treaties and european law. In the second part the paper focuses on scolarly debate on the possible implementation, its advantages and disadvantages. The core of the paper lies in the critical reflection of existing drafts of the law on criminal responsibility of legal entities and author's own speculation about a possible legal regulation in the Czech republic

Background: Interpersonal conflict may have a significant impact in organizations since blue collar-workers can spend time and effort on other things then their main duties. This can lead to less profitability for the organizations, that is why this is something worth exploring. Previous studies shows that many factors work together to create interpersonal conflicts between blue collar-workers. The purpose of this study was to examine if interpersonal conflicts has any significant correlation with interpersonal relations, experienced supervisor support, well-being, age and years in the workplace and if there is any gender differences. Methodology: This study was implemented on 67 blue-collar workers (42 men and 25 women) from five different organizations in the south of Sweden. To examine the result this study used a survey. The survey had three demographic questions: gender, age and years in the workplace. Four validated questionnaires was used as instruments to measure if interpersonal conflicts had any correlation with the examined variables: Interpersonal Conflict at Work Scale (ICAWS), Interpersonal Conflict in Organization Scale (ICOS), Social Support Scale (SSS) and Job-related Affective Well-Being Scale (JAWS) Result: The result showed that interpersonal conflicts had a significant correlation with interpersonal relationships, experienced supervisor support, well-being and years at workplace. The result showed that interpersonal conflicts had no significant correlation with age. The gender differences were further tested in the variables but did not find any statistically significant differences. Conclusion: The result of this study confirms that interpersonal conflicts correlates with interpersonal relations, experienced supervisor support, well-being and years in the workspace. / Bakgrund: Interpersonella konflikter kan ha stor betydelse för en organisation eftersom verksamma arbetstagare tid och prestation kan läggas på annat och ta fokus från deras huvudsakliga arbetsuppgifter. Detta kan i sin tur leda till lägre lönsamhet för organisationer och är därför intressant att undersöka. Tidigare studier har visat att det finns många faktorer som samspelar för att en interpersonell konflikt ska uppstå verksamma arbetstagare emellan. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om interpersonella konflikter har ett samband med interpersonella relationer, upplevt ledarskapsstöd, välmående, ålder och år på arbetsplatsen samt om det finns en könsskillnad. Metod: Studien genomfördes på 67 verksamma arbetstagare (män 42 och kvinnor 25) från fem olika företag i en mindre stad i södra Sverige. Studien använde tre demografiska frågor: kön, ålder och år på arbetsplatsen. Fyra validerade test användes som mätinstrument för att undersöka om interpersonella konflikter hade ett samband med ovanstående faktorer, Interpersonal Conflict at Work Scale (ICAWS), Interpersonal Conflict in Organization Scale (ICOS), Social Support Scale (SSS) och Job-related Affective Well-Being Scale (JAWS). Resultat: Resultatet visade att interpersonella konflikter har ett statistiskt signifikant samband med interpersonella relationer, upplevt ledarskapsstöd, välmående och år på arbetsplatsen. Inget statistiskt signifikant samband hittades mellan interpersonella konflikter och ålder. Vidare testades ifall det fanns några könsskillnader inom de olika faktorerna, men inga statistiskt signifikanta könsskillnader hittades. Slutsats: Resultatet bekräftar att interpersonella konflikter har ett samband med interpersonella relationer, upplevt ledarskapsstöd, välmående och år på arbetsplatsen

The world economy loses an estimated $3.5 trillion annually due to fraud. A weakened economy leads to additional hardships for individuals, families, and organizations. General strain theory (GST) posits that certain strains lead to negative emotional responses, and the result is delinquent behavior. The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationship between strain and occupational fraud through the theoretical framework of GST. The research questions addressed (a) occupational frauds as measured by strain levels of perpetrators, (b) the relationship between strain scores and the different occupational fraud types, and (c) the significance of the relationship between fraud motivation and each of the occupational fraud types. A quantitative, cross-sectional study using secondary data from the ACFE Report to the Nations on Occupational Fraud and Abuse database, was conducted to examine the relationship between strain, negative emotionality, and occupational fraud crimes. To examine this relationship, a sample of 2,910 cases were tested using nominal regression, logistic regression, and Pearson correlation. The results indicated that strain is significantly related to asset misappropriation and financial statement frauds. The results also showed that work-related motivation is significantly related to financial statement frauds. Scholars and practitioners should focus on agendas related to strain, work-related motivation, and financial statement frauds. Fewer fraud losses will positively impact society through increased employment opportunities, additional tax revenues for all levels of government, and increased cash flows for investors.

The research reported in this thesis examines some aspects of upward influence behaviours at work, and in particular, the relationship between type of influence behaviours used and a number of potential correlates, including sex of agent, sex of target, sex-role identity, locus of control, job level, job type (secretarial worker or not) and educational level of agent. To examine these relationships. 64 male and 173 female white-collar workers (at AS01 to AS06 levels, or equivalent) in three large organisations in Canberra (A.C.T.) were surveyed, with a questionnaire containing measures of influence behaviours, attitudes to influencing upwards at work, a measure of sex-role identity, and a measure of locus of control beliefs, as well as demographic information. The data gathered from this survey was analysed using univariate, bivariate. and multivariate methods. Results showed limited support for stereotypical differences between males and females in influence behaviours used, and no support for hypotheses involving sex of target, sex-role identity, or secretarial workers. Influence behaviours previously identified as having positive outcomes for the agent were found in this study to be significantly associated with job level and educational level; influence behaviours previously identified as having negative outcomes for the agent were significantly associated with the tendency to explain outcomes in terms of control by powerful others, and with a sex-role identity characterised by negative masculinity traits. These findings suggest the importance of both structural and personal factors in choice of upward influence strategies at work. Suggestions for further research are provided.

A series of relatively recent bridge failures due to pier scour, as reported in literature, has rekindled interest in furthering our understanding of the scour process and for developing improved ways of protecting bridges against scour. Moreover, increased attention is being given to the state of Canadas infrastructure, a major aspect of which is the transportation network. In part, there is concern about both the impact of a failure on the handling of traffic flow while the failure is being remedied and on the cost of replacing the failed system component. As such, attention is being given to the scour design of new bridges and to the inspection, maintenance and management of existing bridge structures. The two major countermeasure techniques employed for preventing or minimising local scour at bridge piers are increased scour resistance and flow alteration. In the former case, the objective is to combat the erosive action of the scour-inducing mechanisms using hard engineering materials or physical barriers such as rock riprap. In the latter case, the objective is to either inhibit the formation of the scour-inducing mechanisms or to cause the scour to be shifted away from the immediate vicinity of the pier. This research focuses on a particular application of the latter technique. <p> In this study, the use of collars for reducing the effects of local scour at a bridge pier is presented together with the time aspect of the scour development. The adoption of a collar is based on the concept that its existence will sufficiently inhibit and/or deflect the local scour mechanisms so as to reduce the local scour immediately adjacent to the pier. The overall objective of the research is to study the temporal development of the scour for a pier fitted with a collar and a pier without a collar. More specifically, the objectives are: i) to evaluate the effectiveness of a pier collar for mitigating the depth of scour that would otherwise occur at a bridge pier; and ii) to assess the occurrence of an equilibrium scour condition, if achieved, or of the implications of not achieving such a condition in respect of interpreting the results obtained from a physical hydraulic model study. <p>The study was conducted using a physical hydraulic model operated under clear-water conditions in cohesionless bed material. Tests were conducted using two different pier diameters so as to determine the effect of pier diameter on the temporal development of scour for a plain pier. Also investigated was the effect of collar size on the time development of scour and its efficacy at preventing scour at a bridge pier. The time development of the scour hole around the model pier with and without a collar installed was compared with similar studies on bridge piers. Several equations for the temporal development of scour depth and those for the prediction of the equilibrium scour depth were tested as part of this study. <p>The results of the model study indicated that the maximum depth of scour is highly dependent on the experimental duration. The depth of the scour hole increases as the duration of the increased flow that initiates the scour increases. The extent of scour observed at the pier also increases as the duration of the tests increases. It was found that the temporal development of the scour hole at the pier was dependent on whether or not the pier was fitted with a collar placed at the bed level. The pathway to an equilibrium scour depth is different depending on whether the pier is fitted with a collar or not. With a collar in place, the development of the scour hole is considerably delayed. A truly equilibrium scour condition is not readily attainable and was not achieved in the work reported herein. It was demonstrated that wrong conclusions may be reached if a test is stopped short of an equilibrium state. As regards the temporal development of scour depth and for the tests in which no collar was fitted to the pier, it was noted that the form of equation that fits the experimental data well was the one given by Franzetti et al. (1982). Furthermore, it is possible to reach a variety of conclusions about the efficacy of using collars as a pier scour countermeasure technique, depending on which definition of time to equilibrium scour is adopted.