Le modèle de production et de consommation linéaire, qui se résume à: extraire, produire, utiliser puis jeter, menace la préservation de nos ressources naturelles, alors même que les Déchets d’Équipements Électriques et Électroniques (DEEE) constituent des « mines urbaines » riches en métaux de valeur. Les politiques publiques classiques des années 70, fondées sur une approche régalienne, se sont révélées inefficaces pour stimuler des démarches innovantes et collectives.Dans cette thèse, nous étudions une approche alternative fondée sur un principe de responsabilisation des producteurs, encadrés par une forme de co-régulation entre acteurs publics et privés. Alors que la responsabilité est souvent associée à une logique individuelle, qu’est-ce qu’une responsabilité collective? Plus encore, pour faire de la responsabilisation une technique politique de gouvernement, quels processus et instruments s’agit-il de mobiliser pour rendre des acteurs collectivement responsables?À travers le cas de la filière des DEEE, cette thèse propose des principes de la co-régulation. Nous nous appuyons sur la littérature sur les communs, où ont été discutées les conditions d’une gestion et d’une gouvernance collectives. La thèse repose sur une approche exploratoire, qualitative et longitudinale. Une analyse comparative au niveau européen permet une mise en perspective des propositions théoriques. / The Linear Economy is structured on: extraction, production, product use and landfill. This model prevails although it is a threat to the preservation of natural resources. Whereas, Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) constitute “Urban Mines” that are rich in valuable metals. Public policies from the 70s, based on regulatory constraints, have proved to be inefficient in instigating innovative and collective processes.In this thesis, we study an alternative approach based on the responsabilization of producers through co-regulated action between public and private actors. While responsibility is often linked to individualism, this work scrutinizes the substance of collective responsibility. Furthermore, in consideration of responsabilization as a mode of political governance, we examine the processes and the instruments which could be engaged to bestow collective responsibility on private actors.Through an exploratory, qualitative and longitudinal approach in the context of the WEEE sector, we propose new co-regulation principles. The research is based on the literature of the commons in which the conditions of a collective governance are discussed. The theoretical propositions are considered in the perspective of a comparative analysis at the European level.

The text discusses the Framework for the Implementation of the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDD) proposed by the European Union. The directive, aligned with UN and OECD guidelines, imposes obligations on companies to ensure respect for human rights and the environment. The due diligence obligation involves identifying and addressing the negative impacts of business activities, establishing internal complaint mechanisms, and publicly communicating efforts. The directive emphasizes integrating these activities into corporate policies and strategic decisions throughout the value chain. Companies must assess and address negative impacts in their supply chains, with measures tailored to the severity, likelihood, size, resources, and capabilities of the undertaking. The text highlights the complexity of sustainability as a long-term, multifaceted process, calling for collective responsibility from various stakeholders to navigate challenges in ecological and digital transitions, social inclusion, and energy and food security.

There is an inefficiency of waste management in co-living spaces for students, emphasizing the importance of proper waste sorting. A multifaceted research methodology was initiated with a literature review to understand existing waste management solutions and how they work as a system, followed by attribute studies pivotal for co-living spaces. A potential of product-service systems was explored to facilitate collaboration between students and housing companies. Interviews with students and contextual studies further enriched the understanding of waste management practices. These research methods guided the development of innovative waste management solutions tailored to theunique dynamics of co-living spaces. Stakeholders in this endeavor include students, housing companies, municipalities, and waste management organizations. Instilling correct waste sorting habits, saving costs through reduced fines, more efficient waste processing, and streamlining operations. Our design specifications prioritize user-friendliness, adhering to Nordic sign norms, and a positive user experience. The bins feature designated openings, color coding, visual labels, transparency, and sealable dispensing. Collaborative value is enhanced through interactive elements and aesthetic graphics. We introduce a novel solution: specialized sorting bins with integrated behavioral nudges. Our primary goal is to foster a sense of collective responsibility among residents and promote sustainable waste practices. The final design utilizes recyclable materials. Sustainability is further promoted by encouraging bag reuse. The practical application of sustainability is achieved through nudges and educational graphics on the bins, while social cohesion is fostered through interactive placards. In conclusion, our innovative bin solution offers an effective approach to sustainable waste management in co-living and future work may involve adapting the solution to diverse needs and evolving waste management challenges in shared living environments. / Avfallshantering inom kollektiva (co-living) studentmiljöer saknar effektivisering och understryker vikten av korrekt avfallssortering. För att underlätta samarbetet mellan studenter och bostadsföretag undersöktes potentialen av ett produkt-tjänstesystem för utvecklingen av innovativa avfallshanteringslösningar; detta specifikt för den unika dynamiken i kollektiva utrymmen. Denna potential inkluderar intressenter som studenter, bostadsföretag, kommuner och avfallshanteringsorganisationer som kan leda till förbättringar i korrekta avfallssorteringsvanor, och dessutom spara kostnader genom minskade böter, effektivare avfallshantering och effektivisering av verksamheter. Metoderna som utfördes inkluderade en forskning med hjälp av litteratur, intervjuer och kontextuella studier med studenterna i centrum för att förstå de befintliga avfallshanteringslösningarna, de underliggande systemen, en ökad förståelsen av avfallshanteringsmetoder och relevanta egenskaper. Resultatet blev introduktionen av en lösning i form av specialiserade sorteringskärl som utnyttjar sig av puffning (nudging) för att utöka en känsla av kollektivt ansvar bland invånarna samt utförandet av hållbara avfallsmetoder. Vår designspecifikation prioriterar användarvänlighet, en bättre användarupplevelse och efterliknar de nordiska skyltnormerna. Detta uppnås med variation i former efter typer av förpackning, färgkoder, visuella beteckningar, transparens och förslutningsbar dispensering. För att förstärka samarbetsvärdet användes interaktiva element och estetisk grafik. Kärlen är konstruerade av återvinningsbara material och uppmuntrar därefter återanvändning av säckar tillsammans med kärlen. Den praktiska tillämpningen av hållbarhet uppnås genom puffar och grafiska illustrationer på kärlen, medan social sammanhållning främjas genom interaktiva skyltar. Sammanfattningsvis erbjuder vår innovation en lösning för källsortering på ett effektivt tillvägagångssätt för hållbar avfallshantering i kollektiva utrymmen med ett framtida arbete som kan innebära att anpassa lösningen till olika behov och utvecklande av avfallshanteringsutmaningar i delade livsmiljöer.

The purpose of this research journey was twofold: (1) to investigate the ways in which the lives of women married to clergymen have been influenced by their position in the Dutch Reformed Church and (2) to collaboratively present ways of caring and supporting these women living within this reality. Discourse analysis explored the taken-for-granted truths and power relationships that inform these women's daily lives. Fifteen women embarked on this feminist narrative participatory action research journey, not only to tell their stories but also to negotiate for change in current practices as well as their own contexts. This research journey challenges the institutional structure of the Church through narratives of hope, survival and pain, as storied in a book (Lamentations and Butterflies, 2003), that were collaboratively constructed by the women living these realities. This book and research journey offers a deeper understanding of the experience of being a clergyman's wife in the Dutch Reformed Church. / Practical Theology / M.Th. (Practical Theology)

An African Perspective on Poverty Proverbs in the Book of Proverbs: An Analysis for Transformational Possibilities. This thesis contributes to the emerging global scholarly discussion on prioritising the practical relevance of biblical interpretation, particularly in Africa. Taking poverty as a case study, this thesis employs the notion of the popular social origin of proverbs to critically analyse the subject in the Book of Proverbs. A social anthropological approach, historical-critical methods, rhetorical criticism and contextual exegesis are used to analyse proverbs regarding the poor in the Book of Proverbs and African proverbial material. On one hand, the investigation reveals that many Western scholars take their cue from the `official' social context of the Book of Proverbs. However, the impact of an unconscious subjectivity owing to the Western secularising influence on their studies into poverty has posited a conservative status quo in the way the Book of Proverbs addresses it. On the other hand, an investigation of similar traditional African proverbial material on the poor reveals a holistic transformative possibility. Its life-centred dynamism is located in an integrative worldview that comprises mutual assistance, collective responsibility, family, community, social, political, religious and economic networks as one whole. Because cultural parallels exist between the society of ancient Israel and traditional African societies, the thesis argues the use of the African proverbial performance context in the interpretation of proverbs concerning the poor in the Book of Proverbs. The result of such cross-cultural application highlights the possible transformative social, economic, political and religious supportive networks essential to a viable and sustainable holistic development of society. Consequently, such a holistic approach to poverty may enable Bible readers to make meaning and empower the will of African Christians to rise practically to the challenge of poverty eradication in all spheres of their lives. A caution also to the universal church is to be found in the fact that the Book of Proverbs made an essential contribution to the transformation of the social, economic, political and religious life of Israel. Approaching the Book of Proverbs in terms of a popular context is a fact that can no longer be simply ignored. / Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies / D.Th.

An African Perspective on Poverty Proverbs in the Book of Proverbs: An Analysis for Transformational Possibilities. This thesis contributes to the emerging global scholarly discussion on prioritising the practical relevance of biblical interpretation, particularly in Africa. Taking poverty as a case study, this thesis employs the notion of the popular social origin of proverbs to critically analyse the subject in the Book of Proverbs. A social anthropological approach, historical-critical methods, rhetorical criticism and contextual exegesis are used to analyse proverbs regarding the poor in the Book of Proverbs and African proverbial material. On one hand, the investigation reveals that many Western scholars take their cue from the `official' social context of the Book of Proverbs. However, the impact of an unconscious subjectivity owing to the Western secularising influence on their studies into poverty has posited a conservative status quo in the way the Book of Proverbs addresses it. On the other hand, an investigation of similar traditional African proverbial material on the poor reveals a holistic transformative possibility. Its life-centred dynamism is located in an integrative worldview that comprises mutual assistance, collective responsibility, family, community, social, political, religious and economic networks as one whole. Because cultural parallels exist between the society of ancient Israel and traditional African societies, the thesis argues the use of the African proverbial performance context in the interpretation of proverbs concerning the poor in the Book of Proverbs. The result of such cross-cultural application highlights the possible transformative social, economic, political and religious supportive networks essential to a viable and sustainable holistic development of society. Consequently, such a holistic approach to poverty may enable Bible readers to make meaning and empower the will of African Christians to rise practically to the challenge of poverty eradication in all spheres of their lives. A caution also to the universal church is to be found in the fact that the Book of Proverbs made an essential contribution to the transformation of the social, economic, political and religious life of Israel. Approaching the Book of Proverbs in terms of a popular context is a fact that can no longer be simply ignored. / Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies / D.Th.

The purpose of this research journey was twofold: (1) to investigate the ways in which the lives of women married to clergymen have been influenced by their position in the Dutch Reformed Church and (2) to collaboratively present ways of caring and supporting these women living within this reality. Discourse analysis explored the taken-for-granted truths and power relationships that inform these women's daily lives. Fifteen women embarked on this feminist narrative participatory action research journey, not only to tell their stories but also to negotiate for change in current practices as well as their own contexts. This research journey challenges the institutional structure of the Church through narratives of hope, survival and pain, as storied in a book (Lamentations and Butterflies, 2003), that were collaboratively constructed by the women living these realities. This book and research journey offers a deeper understanding of the experience of being a clergyman's wife in the Dutch Reformed Church. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M.Th. (Practical Theology)