Vår kunskapsöversikt fokuserar på att besvara frågan: hur kan lärare arbeta med färglärai bildundervisningen, för att öka elevers kunskap om färglära? Kunskapsöversikteninnefattar också att beskriva definitionen av färglära och hur färglära är relevant ibildundervisningen. Syftet med vår kunskapsöversikt är att presentera olikaundervisningsmodeller som innefattar färglära och vidare diskutera omundervisningsmodellerna fungerar för bildundervisningen, eller inte. För att finnarelevanta undervisningsmodeller för vår frågeställning, använder vi oss avlitteraturöversikt som metod. I sökandet efter relevanta undervisningsmodeller, märktevi att det fanns en brist på forskning kring framtagna modeller för färglära ibildundervisningen. Resultatet blev därför att vi fann några undervisningsmodeller somfungerar för vår frågeställning och några fungerar till viss del. Ett parundervisningsmodeller fungerar inte alls, men dessa undervisningsmodeller visar dockpotential för ett vidare arbete i färgundervisning och är därför med i vårkunskapsöversikt.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / This study examined the relationship between delay of response in problem-solving and ability to integrate color and form on a perceptual task. It was an attempt to relate a perceptual process to a personality variable, and thus make meaningful certain individual differences in perceiving in terms of more general principles of ego controls. [TRUNCATED]

Accurate retrieval of water-leaving reflectance from satellite-sensed signal is decisive for ocean color applications, because water-leaving radiance only account for less than 10% of satellite-sensed radiance. The standard atmospheric correction algorithm relies on black pixel assumption, which assumes negligible water-radiance reflectance at the near-infrared (NIR) bands. The standard NIR-based algorithm generally works well for waters where the NIR water-leaving radiance is negligible or can be properly accounted for. However, the black pixel assumption does not hold over turbid waters, which results in biased retrievals of remote sensing reflectance (Rrs). Therefore, this study aimed to improve atmospheric correction over turbid waters. Based on Sentinel-3, two ways to cope with nonzero NIR water-leaving reflectance were explored. First, this study proposed to use artificial neural networks to estimate and correct NIR water-leaving reflectance at TOA (ANN-NIR algorithm). The rationale of it is that hydrosol optical properties are much simpler at NIR spectral region, where pure water absorptions are the dominant factor. The proposed algorithm outperformed the standard NIR-based algorithm over highly turbid waters. Considering results demonstrated in this study, ANN-NIR algorithm should be useful for ocean color sensors with less than two SWIR bands. Second, this study adapted the SWIR-based algorithm for atmospheric correction of Sentinel-3 OLCI by coupling with the two SWIR bands of SLSTR. Three SWIR band combinations were tested: 1020 and 1613, 1020 and 2256, and 1613 and 2256 nm. The SWIR-based algorithm obviously performed better than NIR-based algorithm over highly turbid waters, while the NIR-based is still preferred for clear to moderately turbid waters. The SWIR band of 1020 nm combined with either SWIR band of 1613 or 2256 nm is recommended for the SWIR-based algorithm except for extremely turbid waters, because the band of 1020 nm has better radiometric performance. Over extremely turbid waters, the band combination of 1613 and 2256 nm should be used, since the water-leaving reflectance is still non-negligible at the band of 1020 nm over these waters. Considering atmospheric correction performance obtained by the NIR- and SWIR-based algorithms, the NIR-based and SWIR-based algorithm are practically applied over clear and turbid waters, respectively. This study revisited the effectiveness of the turbidity index for the current NIR-SWIR switching scheme. The turbidity index calculated from aerosol reflectance varies from 0.7 to 2.2, which is not close to one as expected. In addition to water-leaving reflectance, its value also depends on the spectral shape of aerosol reflectance, which varies with aerosol size distributions, aerosol optical thickness, relative humidity and observing geometries. To address this problem, this study proposed a framework to determine switching threshold for the NIR-SWIR algorithm. An Rrs threshold was determined for each MODIS land band centered at 469, 555, 645 and 859 nm, respectively. Their thresholds are 0.009, 0.016, 0.009 and 0.0006 sr-1, respectively. However, Rrs(469) tends to select SWIR-based algorithm wrongly for clear waters, while NIR-SWIR switching based on Rrs(859) tends to produce patchy patterns. By contrast, NIR-SWIR switching based on Rrs(555) with a threshold of 0.016 sr-1 and Rrs(645) with a threshold of 0.009 sr-1 produced reasonable results. Considering the contrasted estuarine and coastal waters, combined applications of NIR- and SWIR-based algorithm with the switching scheme should be useful for these waters. This study will contribute to better ocean color atmospheric corrections over turbid waters. Atmospheric correction algorithms based on black pixel assumption have been implemented and tested in this study, while combined applications of NIR-based and SWIR-based algorithms are recommended over contrasted transitional waters. However, further studies would still be required to further improve and validate atmospheric correction algorithms over turbid waters.

In a natural environment, humans are not able to process all information available to the visual system simultaneously. As a consequence, we attend to different subparts of the input one after the other. Under natural viewing conditions, these shifts of attention are associated with changes in fixation. This so-called overt attention therefore provides an objective measure of attention shifts. In my thesis, I investigate the influence of color on overt visual attention. I present human subjects with different categories of color-calibrated images and record their eye-movements. In the first series of experiments, images of 7 different categories (Face, Flower, Forest, Fractal, Landscape, Man-Made object, and Rainforest) are presented either in natural color or grayscale. With regard to the influence of color on overt attention, I find two extreme categories: while in Rainforest images all color features examined are salient, none is salient in Fractal. In all other categories, color features are selectively salient. This shows that the influence of color on overt attention depends on the type of image. In the second series of experiments, I use only Rainforest images. These are presented to color-normal or deuteranope subjects with several modifications in the color domain. I find a causal influence of color-contrast on overt attention, processed in a way that it is not specific to either the red-green or blue-yellow color channel. In the case of color blindness, a slower high-level compensatory mechanism affects the selection of fixation points. These experiments show that there is no single color feature, which influences overt attention in all possible environments. I provide evidence that different levels of the visual hierarchy are involved in the computation of saliency.

The development of an automated instrument employing reflectance colorimetry was described. Several models were designed, assembled, and programmed to perform microbial and enzymic tests automatically. Samples were prepared manually or automatically by a Zymate™ II robot. These samples were incubated during the tests to maintain an optimum temperature for reactions and microbial growth. During incubation, color changes of appropriate indicator dyes in the sample/reagent mixtures were measured intermittently, recorded, and compared to previously defined end points. The computer-controlled instrument received data that related time of color changes with the initial numbers of microorganisms or the enzyme activity of the samples. Traditional pH and oxidation/reduction dyes were used. Suitable dyes and media were selected for fast estimation in the different assays studied . Applications of the instrument to evaluate raw milk for the total viable microbial count, abnormality, broad spectrum antibiotics, and coliforms were emphasized. The automated colorimeter system successfully quantitated total and coliform microflora in raw milk. Correlations between reflectance colorimetry and the spiral plate count method were .932 (using .12% TIC as indicator), .922 (using BCP as indicator), and .681 (using .04% TTC as indicator). A coefficient of correlation of .874 was obtained when reflectance colorimetry was compared with coliform numbers on violet red bile agar. The reflectance colorimetry system provided better precision than current reference methods. Preliminary incubation or larger sample volumes were required to estimate low numbers of microflora . Antibiotic residue detection was also evaluated using Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris UC 310+ with the automated colorimeter system. The following concentrations (ppb) could be detected: penicillin G:::;; 5, ampicillin ≤ 5, tetracycline ≤ 250 , sulfamethazine ≤ 30, streptomycin ≤ 1000, kanamycin ≤ 500, and chloramphenicol ≤ 500. Abnormal milk could be screened out by measuring the NAGase activity and chloride ion content in milk samples. Both methods had been integrated into the automated colorimeter system. The coefficient of correlation between somatic cell count and the NAGase activity as measured with the colorimeter was .802; a correlation of .792 could be obtained when chloride ion content was measured.

Educational policymakers have used tracking to instruct students in a variety of subjects, including mathematics. Tracking, which has also been called ability grouping, is a process by which students in the same grade are placed into different classes based on academic ability. Few educators and sociologists have looked at the process by which students are placed in different mathematics tracks. The research design of this study focused on accumulating, evaluating, and reporting the understanding and observations of 12 teachers and 4 counselors as they discussed their knowledge and involvement in the mathematics placement procedures from the intermediate and middle school levels in northern Utah. The data revealed that in addition to the official placement policies there were other factors that influenced the math placement. Those factors were teacher input, parental participation, and student involvement in the educational process. Educational administration, counselors, and teachers can use the results of this study to create more equitable placement policies and procedures for all students.

This applied dissertation was a quantitative, data-mining analysis to determine the effects of mentoring on career advancement after employees participated in a 1-year formal leadership mentoring program. The company in this study developed a formal leadership mentoring program as part of its talent development and succession planning strategy. Company leaders selected mentoring participants from an internal pool of diverse high-potential leaders to participate in the leadership mentoring program. This study implemented a quantitative, data-mining research method technique to analyze the company’s data on the formal leadership mentoring program from a monitored system. The purpose of data mining was to review and analyze career-progression results of women and people of color to see if employees were advancing in careers as all other mentoring participants who participated in the 2009 and 2010 mentoring program classes. Quantitative data-mining results showed that, in 2009 and 2010, the total population was 105. Mentees who were women and people of color represented 79% of employees who remained at the company. In addition, 13 women of color were promoted at the study company after attending the leadership mentoring program. Company leaders selected mentoring participants from an internal pool of diverse high-potential leaders to include Black-African Americans, Asians, Hispanics-Latinos, and Whites. This data-mining study provided valuable to mentoring, career advancement, and succession planning for the leadership that could provide confirmation for the need to offer formal mentoring programs to increase the numbers of women and people of color in middle- and senior-level management positions.

The purpose of this study is to determine if colors can differentially be applied as teaching tools for pre-school children. Previous studies have shown that pre-school children are easily distracted in language development by external stimulation. Studies have also shown that brighter color hues can arouse and facilitate performance of subjects on given tasks. This experiment is an attempt to measure performance of word manipulation by usage of colors. Three independent variables have been selected as stimuli to measure direct object acquisition. Measurement of color, noun position, and verb proximity will be assessed in connection with subject performance on given tasks.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Over the years, car driving experience has evolved drastically. Many new and useful technologies have emerged, which have enhanced safety and reliability measures. The Automotive world is now trying to build capabilities for driverless or vehicle assisted driving. Building capabilities for driverless cars practically means first developing training methods, then training the machine, evaluating the test results, and then based on testing results; develop a confidence interval for trusting the machine. One of the critical models is the model adopting the Road Departure Assisting Techniques (RDAT). These techniques are primarily the standards for alleviating the risk of roadside fatalities. The different models developed or proposed for RDAT falls under “The Road Departure Mitigation System” (RDMS). But, almost every RDMS to date has over-reliance on the presence and the quality of the lane markings. In the absence of lane markings or of proper lane markings, these RDMS are unreliable. Therefore, RDMS requires new references such as roadside objects and road edges for detecting road departures. This new system should propose and establish a standard for RDMS testing with roadside objects. As the foremost task, this new system requires the creation of a testing environment consisting of soft, robust, and reusable surrogates. Critically, these surrogates must have comparable sensors characteristics to those of real roadside objects from various commonly used object detection sensors on the vehicles such as camera, radar, and LIDAR. One of such everyday roadside objects is the curbs. For developing a surrogate for the curb, the first step is to recognize what the roadside objects should look like concerning different sensors, and the next step is to design and develop a surrogate curb that successfully follows the properties of the real roadside objects. This thesis first demonstrates and proposes the methods for extracting the color, Radar reflectivity, and the LiDAR reflectance properties of real roadside curbs. That is, the study deals with what all color combinations and patterns represent the US roadside curbs, what should be the range of Radar reflectivity values, and LiDAR reflectance bounds that a surrogate curb should satisfy. The later part of the thesis illustrates methods and steps on how to mimic the extracted properties, design a surrogate curb as per federal standards, and then develop a surrogate curb. Finally, the surrogate curbs were subjected to crash tests for testing their robustness.

Title: Time-resolved spectroscopy of SiV centers in diamond Author: Karol Hamráček Department: Department of chemical physics and optics Supervisor: doc. RNDr. František Trojánek, Ph.D. Abstract: In recent years, the negatively charged silicon center (SiV-) has become a promising competitor to well-established nitrogen (NV-) due to its excellent spectral properties, such as narrow zero phonon line transitions and weak phonon sidebands, and therefore, research of point defects in diamond is currently receiving a lot of attention. These isolated defects, the so- called color centers, can serve as sources of photons and thus, ultimately, can be used to construct SiV Lasers, whose physical nature is stimulated emission. However, it has not yet been generated at SiV centers. For its generation, it is necessary to examine in detail the radiant and non-radiative processes in optical centers and the properties and parameters of stimulated emission during optical excitation. Also part of the research is the optimization of sample preparation in order to obtain samples with a high concentration of centers and at the same time high optical quality. That is why the aim of this diploma thesis will be to perform optical characterization of diamond samples with SiV centers (supplied by the cooperating department of the...