Magister Artium - MA / This thesis explores the social semiotic relationship of visual and verbal signs of the Daily Voice tabloid as a way to show how the social context influences meaning of the signs used in its multimodal frontpages. The Daily Voice tabloid largely uses Kaapse English/ Afrikaans as spoken by Coloureds on the Cape Flats on its frontpages rather than standard English or standard Afrikaans associated with White people. The study assumes that the meaning constructed by and through the verbal and visual signs on the Daily Voice frontpages is interdependent on the relationship the multimodal texts have with the largely Cape Flats readership. This study maintains the importance of the idea of the localisation of meaning in socio-cultural specific contexts throughout. I conclude that Kress and Van Leeuwen’s (1996/2006) design could be extended beyond Westernised contexts and that marginalised discourses such as those unique to the Cape Flats are not static, but indeed dynamic. I also extend the appraisal theory by Martin and White (2005) to marginalised bilingual discourse and establish that Appraisal theory can be used to not only evaluate verbal discourse but also that visual discourse needs to be considered as a tool within the appraisal framework. I also conclude by suggesting a monolectal view of Kaapse English/Afrikaans discourse. That is, the meaning potential of Kaapse English/Afrikaans by Cape Flats speakers would be lost if perceived or analysed as emanating from two languages, (White) English and (White) Afrikaans. Therefore the conclusion is that the Daily Voice uses Kaapse English/Afrikaans as is used in Cape Flats socio-cultural contexts to construct meaning-making options across its frontpages. / South Africa

The Coloured community of Southern Africa, just like other ethnic groups, has been shaped by many factors (politics, economy, secularization, etc.). This ‘otherness’ also caused God to be regarded in a unique way – his role in this world, his involvement in this community and, finally, what his church should look like and how it should function. The crux of this mini dissertation is to look specifically at this unique image of God. I humbly apologize for my use of classification and I do not want to revert to the former dispensation, but it is of the utmost importance for matters such as church union that colour and opinions be discussed. The story of the Uniting Reformed Church of Southern Africa between 1976 and 2005 has been followed in greater detail both with a church historical and autobiographical approach. Some perspectives on the future of this church are provided. / Dissertation (MDiv (Church History))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Church History and Church Policy / unrestricted

Magister Artium - MA / The way in which people utilise their FREE TIME [that is time left after all commitments (social and physiological) have been met] forms the central theme of this study. An important aspect of this theme for the geographer is the interaction between supply and demand of recreational facilities, because determines the spatial location of facilities in urban areas. In the South African society certain factors which influence the normal interaction between supply and demand have developed which can be identified as problems. In this study the problems which exist regarding recreation and the use of free time are examined with specific reference to the people living in Bellville South, a "Coloured" Group Area on the Cape Flats. Data for the study was collected with the air of a structured questionnaire and thereafter statistically analysed with the intention of answering the following questions: What is the nature and extent of the use of free time during the day, over weekends and during vacations of the inhabitants of Bellville South? How does the politico-economic structure influence the supply of facilities for recreation in Bellville South? What is the influence of the politico-economic structure on the demand for facilities (the recreational behaviour) for the inhabitants of Bellville South? The data which had been collected with the aid of questionnaire, was further supplemented with personal interviews. In order to answer the above questions satisfactorily, recreation resource base in Bellville South was looked firstly. The local supply was measured according to national and international norms based on information obtained from the relevant literature. An attempt was made secondly to determine the demand for recreation generated by the community. It was evident from the literature that the socio-economic level of communities played a vital role in the determination of the extent of their demand. By examining certain socio-economic parameters, it was found that the community of Bellville South consisted mostly of people from the working-class. Subsequently the factors which have an influence on the recreational behaviour of the respondents during the day, weekend and vacation time-periods, were examined. It was found that, as one can expect from a predominantly working class community, recreation was mostly directed at the home environment during all three time-periods. This can be explained by referring to the constitutional constraints (Group Areas Act, Separate Amenities Act), socio-economic constraints and the inadequate recreational facilities in the study area. The interaction between demand and supply within the prevailing politico-economic structures was subsequently examined. The correlation between demographic and socio-economic variables and recreational activities was examined with the aid of crosstabulations. The resulting spatial pattern of the recreational behaviour of the respondents was analysed cartographically. By examining the latent and potential demand for recreational facilities it was found that there are very real needs in the study area. Lastly, recommendations were made with a view of alleviating the problems which have been identified. It was felt that immediate attention should be paid to shortcomings in the supply and maintenance of recreational facilities in Bellville South, while the political problems which make a meaningful utilisation of recreational facilities by everybody in South Africa impossible at the moment, should also be removed.

A cross-sectional study of risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) in a random sample of 976 coloured people revealed a population greatly at risk of CHD. The major reversible risk factors were very common: 57% of men and 41% of women smoked, 17,2% of men and 18,4% of women were hypertensive (>160/95 mm Hg or receiving medication), and 17,4% of men and 16,2% of women had a total serum cholesterol value above 6,5 mmol/litre. The high cut-off points used to identify the above prevalence rate do not reflect the total population at risk. At lower but real levels of risk 94,6% of men and 89,8% of women carried some degree of CHD risk factors was found.

Magister Artium - MA / In this paper I attempt to look critically at the literary construction of one particular 'race', namely the 'Coloureds'. In Sarah Gertrude Millin's God's Stepchildren. To this end, the paper draws on the hlstorlcal background of Millin, and investigates the way in which Millin has consciously and strateglcally forrned, as it were, a 'unique' Coloured Identity. Furthermore, the paper explores the proximity or tension between author and narrator in the novel. This tension, i suggest, emerges In response to various pressures In the novel which in tum are based upon the author's social, . political and economic background. Evidence to this effect is derived from Millin's biography and other sources. What emerges from the paper Is that the concepts 'race' and 'Coloured', as they are employed In this novel, are equally elusive. In attempting to piece together a 'race', the novel communicates Millin's aversion to miscegenation, and discloses characteristics of her 'self. Ironically, I conclude, she falls prey to the same kinds of prejudices that she projects onto her literary subjects

In-water biogeochemical constituents and bio-optical properties of the St-Lawrence Gulf and Estuary were monitored during 5 cruises conducted between 1997-2001 accross different seasons. Measured inherent optical properties (IOPs) included vertical profiles of the absorption and attenuation coefficients and the volume scattering function as well as absorption by particles, non-algal particles, phytoplankton and coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Apparent Optical parameters (AOPs) included vertical profiles of the upwelling radiance and downwelling irradiance. The spectral shape of the major IOPs like absorption by phytoplankton, CDOM and non-algal particles as well as the particulate backscattering were parameterized using conventional models and adaptations of conventional models. Descriptive statistics of each variable in the collected dataset were analysed and compared with previous findings in the literature. The optical coherence of the measurements was verified using a radiative transfer closure approach. A complete set of IOP cross-sections for optically significant biogeochemical variables were generated. The magnitude and the spatial, temporal and spectral variation exhibited by the optically significant inwater biogeochemical constituents as well as the bio-optical parameters was consistent with our current knowledge of the ecosystem. The variation of the bio-optical parameters throughout the seasons was also coherent with our expectations. All the measured and derived parameters were found to vary within the ranges reported in the literature. Evidence was presented wherein the Gulf waters, which are usually considered as case I waters could also behave like case II waters. Moreover, spectral signatures exhibited by the IOPs and AOPs were coherent with the variation detected in the concentrations of the measured (optically significant) constituents. The extracted IOP cross-sections were consistent with the results of similar studies previously performed and could eventually be used in the estimation of the biogeochemical constituent concentrations given the related component IOPs. First-order radiative transfer closure was achieved; this underscored the validity of our experimental dataset based on considerations of higher level, integrative, physics. We argue that the current data collection campaign succeeded as a comprehensive framework for describing the behavior of the St-Lawrence bio-optical provinces within the context of remote sensing objectives. This bio-optical dataset should provide the basis for the development of a rigorous, satellite-based, remote sensing algorithm for the retrieval of near surface chlorophyll, fine-tuned to the local characteristics of the St-Lawrence system.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Fatherhood literature in South Africa agrees that a look beyond the absent father phenomenon is necessary and that the focus should rather be on the potential of biological and social fathers who are present in their children’s lives. Although fathers are important in the healthy development of both boys and girls, the fathering of adolescents daughters has received limited research attention. For these reasons, this study focused on fathers and their adolescent daughters in one low-income, semi-rural, Coloured community in the Cape Winelands district of the Western Cape, South Africa. The objective of this exploratory study was to investigate fathers’ and adolescent daughters’ constructions of fatherhood. The study was informed by social constructionism and utilised a social constructionist informed grounded theory methodology. Forty-two interviews were conducted with fourteen fathers and adolescent daughters. They were interviewed separately and 29 hours and 47 minutes of interview material were obtained. Data collection, transcription, and analysis took place concurrently. Five conceptual categories were identified: Both the fathers and the daughters focused on the importance of the provider role and daughters’ obedience. Their relationship was spoken of in terms of having an understanding, while the expression of affection appeared to accompany special occasions only. Fathers also emphasised their wish for their daughters to have a better future and spoke at length about their efforts and strategies for ensuring this. Lastly, fathers’ expected daughters to do as they were told and not to follow fathers’ bad examples (e.g. alcohol abuse). The core category focused on the underlying assumptions inherent in the dynamic of the relationship, namely an hierarchical and patriarchal gender order. There seemed to be evidence of both affirmation of and resistance against the patriarchal gender order. Although it seemed that the traditional masculine and feminine ideology continue to hold sway, the presence of New Father discourse suggests the beginning of a shift towards more equitable gender relations and therefore the possibility of change. Recommendations for future research and interventions based on this analysis were also discussed. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Binne die Suid-Afrikaanse literatuur oor vaderskap is daar ooreenstemming dat daar nie hoofsaaklik op die afwesige vader fenomeen gekonsentreer moet word nie, maar dat die potensiaal van biologiese en sosiale vaders wie wel teenwoordig in hulle kinders se lewe is, ook ondersoek moet word. Alhoewel vaders belangrik in die gesonde ontwikkeling van beide seuns en meisies is, is die navorsing oor die vaderskap van adolessente dogters beperk. Vir hierdie redes sal die studie fokus op vaders en hulle adolessente dogters in lae-inkomste, semi-landelike, Kleurling gemeenskap in die Kaapse Wynland distrik van die Wes-Kaap, Suid-Afrika. Die doelwit van hierdie ondersoekende studie was om die vaders en adolessente dogters se konstruksie oor vaderskap te ondersoek. Die studie was ingelig deur sosiale konstruksionisme en het ingeligte sosiale konstruksionistiese gegronde teoretiese metodologie gebruik. Twee-en-veertig onderhoude is afsonderlik gevoer met veertien vaders en hul adolessente dogters. Nege-en-twintig ure en 47 minute se onderhoudmateriaal is verkry. Data insameling, transkripsie en analise het gelyktydig plaasgevind. Vyf begripskategorieë was geïdentifiseer: Beide die vaders en dogters het gefokus op die belangrikheid van die pa se voorsienersrol. Verder het hul oor hul verhouding gepraat in terme van 'n “verstandhouding” waarin die vader se outoritere posisie en die dogter se gehoorsame posisie vanselfsprekend aanvaar is. Die woordelikse en fisiese uitdrukking van liefde het net sekere spesiale geleenthede vergesel. Vaders het ook die klem geplaas op hulle begeerte vir hulle dogters om beter toekoms te hê en het breedvoerig hulle pogings en strategieë bespreek om dit toe te sien. Laastens, het vaders van hul dogters verwag om hul vaders se woordelikse opdragte en leringe te volg en hul nie-navolginswaardige voorbeelde (byvoorbeeld alkoholmisbruik) te ignoreer. Die kern kategorie van die gegronde teorie wat in hierdie studie ontwikkel is, belig die onderliggende aannames inherent in die dinamika van die vader-dogter verhouding, naamlik hiërargiese en vaderregtelike geslagsorde. Dit blyk uit die narratiewe van vaders en dogtersl asof daar beide bevestiging van en weerstand teen die vaderregtelike geslagsorde is. Al het dit voorgekom dat die tradisionele manlike- en vroulike ideologie steeds aan die orde van die dag is, kan die aanwesigheid van die Nuwe Vader diskoers dui op verskuiwing na meer billike geslagsverhouding en daarom ook die moontlikheid van verandering. Aanbevelings vir toekomstige navorsing en ingrypings, gebaseer op hierdie analise, word ook bespreek.

Le présent travail a trait essentiellement aux problèmes pétrostructuraux posés par deux suites ophiolitiques situées dans la région d 'Esfandagheh. en Iran central méridional. Ces ophiolites ont enregistré deux importants événements, identiques dans les deux suites, mais d'âges différents : 1 - Les empreintes d 'une phase d 'expansion de type océanique, 2 - Les traces de compressions tectoniques. Cela se traduit comme suit: - COMPLEXE METAMORPHIQUE DE SARGAZ-ABSHUR Ce complexe est composé de micaschistes, quartzites, schistes verts, amphibolites et, de façon moins abandante, de marbres. Ces roches dérivent essentiellement de faciès dévoniens appartenant stratigraphiquement à l'épaisse séquence de roches volcaniques et sédimentaires déposées de l'Infracambrien au Trias dans d'étroits bassins linéaires ou "rifts", entaillés dans le bouclier cratonique précambrien irano-arabique. Ces rifts se sont développés exactement de la même façon que la Mer Rouge actuelle et sont comme elle caractérisés par des volcanites tholéiitiques et d'épais dépôts détritiques qui contrastent avec les sédiments carbonatés de la plate-forme adjacente. Ces dépôts de rifts ont d'abord été métamorphisés statiquement, à la manière d'un fond océanique, Les phases compressives ultérieures apparaissent avec l'orogenèse paléocimérienne, elles sont caractérisées par : a) - formation de schistes à glaucophane, dont la paragenèse se superposent au métamorphisme initial précédent, du fond océanique; b) - plissement E-W à fort aplatissement et schistosité de plan axial, contemporains d'un métamorphisme syntectonique c) - la schistosité nouvellement formée est plissée en même temps que se développe une phase de recristallisation de type Abukuma ; d) - après relâchement des compressions toutes ces métamorphites sont envahies par un magma basaltique tholéiitique. Celui-ci se différencie en une suite de roches grenues rubanées allant des dunites-harzburgites-pyroxénolites-gabbros jusqu'à des granophyres. A leur contact se développe un métamorphisme thermique avec des cornéennes et des skarns dans des conditions estimées à 950 - 1000° C et 1,5 kb. Les conglomérats du Jurassique inférieur reposent en discordance angulaire sur toutes ces métamorphites et roches éruptives. L'activité magmatique basaltique (cf. d) est le prélude à la naissance d'un autre bassin comparable à la Mer Rouge s'ouvrant dans le craton ancien où s'associent les métamorphites paléocîmériennes. Ce nouveau "rift" qui se développe à partir de la fin du Trias, est celui du "coloured melange". - LA ZONE DU "COLOURED MELANGE" Ce bassin contient une séquence à shales, greywackes, radiolarites, coulées de laves en coussins, diabases ... qui s'est déposée du Trias supérieur à l'Eocène. Ces roches subissent aussi un premier métamorphisme comparable à celui du fond océanique, dans le faciès amphibolite à albite et épidote. Ultérieurement elles sont comprimées pendant l'orogenèse alpine proprement dite, et la suite des événements suivants s'y retrouve a) - en une étape précoce de la compression les fluides sont remobilisés et grâce à la présence d'écrans imperméables constitués par les ultrabasites, mis en pression dans certains secteurs. Un métamorphisme HP/BT développe les paragenèses typiques à glaucophane-aegyrlne-aragonite-lawsonire-pumpellylte-pectolite. Ces recristallisations se font aux dépens des roches précédemment métamorphisées pendant la périod~ed'expansion; b) - ces métamorphites sont ensuite plissées et métamorphisées à nouveau dans une phase syntectonique sous les conditions du faciès Schistes verts. Ces événements se produisent après l'Eocène et avant le Pliocène. Les phases de plissements plio-pléistocènes déforment plus tard tous ces faciès. On conclut par une application aisée du modèle de la tectonique de plaques au temps de l'expansion et de la création des rifts comparables à celui de la Mer Rouge. Par contre le modèle de la subduction du type Japon est moins facilement applicable pour expliquer les phases de serrage et de fermeture.

Earth observation satellites cover large areas with frequent temporal repetition and provide us with new insight into ocean and coastal processes. Ocean colour measurements from satellite remote sensing are linked to the bio-optics, which refers to the light interactions with living organisms and dissolved and suspended constituents in the aquatic environment. Human pressures have changed the aquatic ecosystems, by, for example, the increased input of nutrient and organic matter leading to eutrophication. This thesis aims to study and develop the link between bio-optical data and the remote sensing method to the monitoring and management of the Baltic Sea. The results are applied to the European Union’s Water Directives, and the Baltic Sea Action Plan from the Helsinki commission. In paper I indicators for eutrophication, chlorophyll-a concentration and Secchi depth were evaluated as a link to remote sensing observations. Chlorophyll-a measurements from an operational satellite service (paper I) were compared to conventional ship-based monitoring in paper II and showed high correlations to the in situ data. The results in paper I, II and IV show that the use of remote sensing can improve both the spatial and temporal monitoring of water quality. The number of observations increased when also using satellite data, thus facilitating the assessment of the ecological and environmental status within the European Union’s water directives. The spatial patterns make it possible to study the changes of e.g. algae blooms and terrestrial input on larger scales. Furthermore, the water quality products from satellites can offer a more holistic and easily accessible view of the information to decision makers and end-users. In paper III variable relationships between in situ bio-optical parameters, such as coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM), dissolved organic carbon, salinity and Secchi depth, were found in different parts of the Baltic Sea. In paper IV an in situ empirical model to retrieve suspended particulate matter (SPM) from turbidity was developed and applied to remote sensing data. The use of Secchi depth as an indicator for eutrophication linked to the concentrations of chlorophyll-a and SPM and CDOM absorption was investigated in paper V. The variations in Secchi depth were affected differently by the mentioned parameters in the different regions. Therefore, one must also consider those when evaluating changes in Secchi depth and for setting target levels for water bodies. This thesis shows good examples on the benefits of incorporating bio-optical and remote sensing data to a higher extent within monitoring and management of the Baltic Sea. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Manuscript. Paper 5: Manuscript.</p>

The thesis attends to the mathematical charts constructing of additive triad of pupils on 1st grade of the primary school by means of two mathematical - didactic settings "The Neighbours" and "The Coloured Trio". They occure in mathematical textbooks created by prof. RNDr. Milan Hejný, CSc., RNDr. Darina Jirotková, Ph.D., PhDr. Jana Slezáková, Ph.D. and their colleagues and which are published by Fraus. In my thesis I shall attend to the theoretical pieces of knowledge in the given mathematical area as well as to the reasons for the creation of the new mathematical teaching concept after the czech educational reform. Mathematical tasks from the two appointed settings will be handed in to the pupils to be solved. The pupils will encounter such tasks for the first time. It shall be observed how they are able to cope with the given tasks and if they will be able to infiltrate the problem of the tasks or to invent their own tasks. Further on the thesis shall attend to the means of solutions of similar tasks by the students of The Pedagogical Faculty of the Univerzita Karlova and to the analysis of their comments on the tasks.